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Jakość obsługi klienta w biurach podróży – przykład Krakowa

Author(s): Kinga Krzesiwo,Anna Zaremba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 160/2020

The paper concerns the quality of customer service in tourist services. The aim of this study is to present an assessment of the quality of customer service in selected travel agencies in Krakow. The spatial extent of research involved the Old Town with adjacent quarters and the Kazimierz district in Krakow. To achive the purpose of the work, a stocktaking of travel agencies and an assessment of the quality of customer service using a mystery shopping method were carried out from March to May 2019. The quality of customer service in Krakow’s travel agencies is varied. It is at an average but increasingly unsatisfactory level. Network travel agencies have a higher standard of customer service than non-network ones. The top-rated areas of customer service were staff appearance as well as their behaviour and personal culture during the conversation with a client. The lowest-rated areas were staff behaviour and personal culture during the customer enterance to the office as well as at the end of the conversation and while saying goodbye to the client. Only 16,0% of studied travel agencies showed maximum interest and respect to the customer. The research results presented in this paper can be used in the functioning of travel agencies in Poland to improve the quality of services in these types of enterprises and meet the requirements of quality management.

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„Bo to jest idealna praca dla mnie!” – motywy aktywizacji zawodowej kobiet poprzez agroturystykę

Author(s): Magdalena Kubal-Czerwińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 160/2020

The subject of this study is the process of women’s professional activation, which takes place as a result of undertaking agritourism activities on farms in rural areas of the Polish Carpathians. The main purpose of the article was to determine the motives of women to undertake professional activity in rural tourism. The study included a sample of 70 agritourism farms run or co-run by women in Carpathian rural tourist communes in the Lesser Poland (Małopolska) Voivodeship. Three groups of motives, which guided women while choosing their path of professional activation in agritourism, were distinguished. The basis for undertaking agritourism activities are expected economic benefits and factors arising from the spatial environment of farms such as local hospitality traditions, the level of tourism development, the presence of attractive values for leisure, the traditional village life, and the “internal” factors associated with household and agricultural resources. Equally mportant are the “individualistic” motifs of psychological and social nature – the need to contact other people or be “needed” in the family. The female professional activation in agritourism has not only an economic but also a social and cultural dimension.

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Nocne pociągi dalekobieżne w przestrzeni Polski – zarys historyczny i perspektywy rozwoju

Author(s): Michał Małysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 160/2020

The passenger rail transport in Poland lets us travel between regions faster every year. But in the first years of the twenty-first century the only way to travel from, for example, the Tatra Mountains to the Baltic coast, was travelling by night train. They were run on long, cross-city routes. Despite a long time of journey, they were still popular, especially in tourism. As a result of investments in Polish railways, the number of fast daily trains has significantly increased, taking some potential passengers of the night trains. On the other hand, there are still some regions located on the peripheries, which demand night trains to have long-distance connections with other Polish regions. The future of those trains in Poland is not clear. Recently a trend of internationalization of night trains has been observed. For example, in the summer of 2020 new night trains connecting Czechia and Polish Baltic resorts are planned to be run. The topic of the future of night trains in Poland, compared to the past, should be well deliberated and planned to maintain high efficiency of rail transport. The aim of this paper is to discuss the past and the potential future of night trains in Poland. Furthermore an author`s formula estimating the demand in trains is presented in order to define the efficiency of night trains compared to the day trains.

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Społeczność plemienna a ekonomiczne korzyści z rozwoju turystyki – przykład turystyki safari w regionie Samburu (Kenia)

Author(s): Mirosław Mika,Tomasz Kępski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 160/2020

The article discusses the issue of economic relations between an accommodation facility providing safari tourism services and the local Samburu tribal community in northern Kenya. The study illustrates a unique case of safari tourist lodge functioning in a close relation to the traditional shepherd community in the conditions of its spatially isolated location. The local community benefits economically from permanent and occasional work for the lodge, sale of craft and agricultural products, as well as benefits, economically and socially, from the entrepreneur’s charity actions and the visitors’ generosity and donations. The tourist lodge operator is compelled to conduct permanent (almost every-day) trainings of employees from the local Samburu community to sustain the quality of services provided to its guests (‘high-end’ tourists). He also maintains close relations with the local tribal elders, among others by consulting his own intentions regarding the intensification of tourism development and his plans for establishing a local nature protection area in the form of ‘conservancy’. The development of the safari facility depends strongly on local natural conditions, as well as the acceptance of its activities by members of the tribal elders, that is strictly conditioned by the entity’s ability to create economic values (benefits) for the local community.The article discusses the issue of economic relations between an accommodation facility providing safari tourism services and the local Samburu tribal community in northern Kenya. The study illustrates a unique case of safari tourist lodge functioning in a close relation to the traditional shepherd community in the conditions of its spatially isolated location. The local community benefits economically from permanent and occasional work for the lodge, sale of craft and agricultural products, as well as benefits, economically and socially, from the entrepreneur’s charity actions and the visitors’ generosity and donations. The tourist lodge operator is compelled to conduct permanent (almost every-day) trainings of employees from the local Samburu community to sustain the quality of services provided to its guests (‘high-end’ tourists). He also maintains close relations with the local tribal elders, among others by consulting his own intentions regarding the intensification of tourism development and his plans for establishing a local nature protection area in the form of ‘conservancy’. The development of the safari facility depends strongly on local natural conditions, as well as the acceptance of its activities by members of the tribal elders, that is strictly conditioned by the entity’s ability to create economic values (benefits) for the local community.

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Postawy lokalnych społeczności i turystów wobec parków krajobrazowych w województwie małopolskim

Author(s): Bernadetta Zawilińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 160/2020

The paper tackles problems associated with the attitudes of local communities and tourists towards landscape parks. The study is based on the results of questionnaire surveys conducted in all landscape parks located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship among local residents (N=2000) and tourists (N=1077). The surveys demonstrated great support for landscape parks, both among local residents and tourists. The respondents noticed their positive effect on the quality of life and the development of tourism. Sadly, the knowledge on such protected areas was rather poor. Few tourists visited a specific area because of it being protected as a landscape park, as most them were not aware of this fact at all. Respondents from both groups hardly recognised landscape parks as institutions and had never heard of the activities undertaken by the Complex of Landscape Parks of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The study subjects usually declared their willingness to improve their knowledge by getting involved in educational events organised by the Complex and one in four of them declared their readiness to join in activities for the benefit of the landscape parks studied. The domination of approving attitudes, combined with the declared interest in educational projects and the relatively high willingness to act for the benefit of the parks, creates a very favourable climate for the functioning of the Complex as an institution. These conditions should foster the process of building cooperation with local residents, developing initiatives integrating local residents and tourists around activities undertaken for the benefit of the parks, as well as undertaking actions strengthening the brand of the Complex of Landscape Parks of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship as an active entity, having a real impact upon the protection, promotion, and sustainable development of areas covered by its activities.

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Wpływ doświadczenia na motywy uprawiania narciarstwa na przykładzie tatrzańskich ośrodków narciarskich: Kasprowy Wierch (Polska) i Tatrzańska Łomnica (Słowacja)

Author(s): Joanna Hibner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 161/2020

Both the motivation and the experience of tourists depend on psychological processes, being very individual for each person. They are closely related with each other and, also, they are affected by each other in many aspects. The aim of this article is to characterize the relationship between the motivation and the past mountain and ski experience of respondents from two Tatra ski resorts: Kasprowy Wierch (Poland) and Tatrzańska Łomnica (Slovakia). In order to gain information about the motivation and experience of tourists a survey using the PAPI technique was conducted during the winter seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. A total of 404 questionnaires was collected (Kasprowy Wierch – 197; Tatrzańska Łomnica – 207). The results confirm that tourists’ motivation as well as their past mountain and ski experience are dependent on each other. Past experience and tourist motivation are both affected by other factors, including the type of activity or the frequency of visits. The research also shows that especially the past mountain experience affects many other variables including tourist motivation.

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Architektura uczelni wyższych. Wybrane kryteria jakościowe przestrzeni współczesnego kampusu w badaniach i projektach studentów Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej

Author(s): Dorota Winnicka-Jasłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 162/2020

The education of architects at the Faculty of Architecture of the Silesian University of Technology in the field of architectural design is based on scientific research. Researchbased design means asking research questions and formulating answers supported by research methods that students learn during the course of their studies. The paper discusses a student didactic and research project carried out as a part of a semester course. The research concerned the evaluation of the functional, behavioural and organizational criteria indicated on the University campus, carried out using the Post-Occupancy Evaluation method (POE). The scope of the research included the following criteria: way-finding and buildings visual identification, universal design, services on the campus, network of learning and social contact places, design out crime issues, aesthetics of the university campus, and the campus as a space for social integration. The final part of the paper also presents selected student projects carried out on the basis of conclusions from the described research.

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Kampus w mieście – narzędzia i efekty polityki przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Author(s): Mikołaj Gomółka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 162/2020

The main goal of the article is to show actions taken by the University of Warsaw in order to improve the quality of campus spaces, as well as to evaluate these actions. To gather information, the method research by design was used, because the author is an active participant of the planning process. The first part of the article describes the history and main features of three campuses – Centrum-Powiśle, Ochota and Służew – and the spatial ambitions of the university. Challenges facing higher education institutions are also presented. The second part of the article is intended to show the main tools and actions implemented to fulfil the ambition of the University of Warsaw. The main tool is a long-term investment program, co-financed by the government. It is a push factor for the university to rethink its spatial structure. Urban planning process is shown more specifically on the example of the Ochota Campus masterplan. In the third part of the article there is an assessment of activities carried out so far. It was found out that the long-term investment program is a good tool to increase the quality of campus space, it should, however, implement financing of public spaces as much as new buildings. It was also emphasized that the participation process should include neighbouring communities and not only people from the university. Finally, future perspectives of how campus spaces are going to change are presented.

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Zrównoważony i innowacyjny kampus uniwersytecki na przykładzie kampusu Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie

Author(s): Marek Bryx / Language(s): Polish Issue: 162/2020

Sustainable development is a concept that is already established in our consciousness. It can be assumed that, in relation to the city, it means the implementation of 4 principles (goals) that such a city and its inhabitants should strive to achieve (Szelągowska, Bryx 2015), namely: 1. Aspire to be close to the ecosystem, obtaining spatial order with the least possible interference in this ecosystem. 2. Produce no more waste than the city can assimilate, while consuming no more resources than it can recreate. 3. To promote and consolidate a lifestyle consistent with the above principles, which all residents create by their daily conduct, not just the city authorities. 4. Comply with the principles of honesty and justice. This definition, a little too detailed, aims to highlight two aspects of sustainable development: human proximity to the environment and ethics in human behaviour towards the natural and social environment. The university campus is part of the city, intellectually radiating, forging and disseminating new concepts. By disseminating the idea of a sustainable city, the campus should be an example of implementing these principles in a community constituting an urban enclave. Answering the questions: is this happening? and is it possible at universities that were created before the emergence of the idea of sustainable development ? is the purpose of this article. The author, considering these issues, uses the experience of the campus of the Warsaw School of Economics, designed 100 years ago, constructed in stages and seeking its path of development.

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Ocena jakości przestrzeni publicznych III Kampusu UJ z użyciem techniki crowdsensingu

Author(s): Jarosław Działek,Bartłomiej Homiński,Agnieszka Świgost-Kapocsi,Krzysztof Gwosdz,Bartłomiej Homiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 162/2020

The article aims to assess the quality of public spaces of the Third Campus of the Jagiellonian University and to determine to what extent the mobile crowdsensing survey method is useful in this respect. Public spaces are nowadays considered the key elements of the university campus structure. Their appropriate shaping and management fosters social interactions between different user groups, which should consequently strengthen creativity and interdisciplinarity within the university milieu. Our paper presents contemporary trends in the campus planning and organisation. In the empirical part, the quality of selected public spaces (main avenue, squares and courtyards, and green areas) was determined based on the behaviour of campus users as observed by participants of the crowdsensing study. These results were confronted with the visual material and comments of the study participants, as well as with the expert assessment of the authors. In the final part, activities aimed at improving the quality of public spaces of the campus were proposed.

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Zagospodarowanie przestrzeni kampusu uniwersyteckiego z perspektywy studentów

Author(s): Agnieszka Konior,Weronika Pokojska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 162/2020

The article concerns one of the basic groups of stakeholders on university campuses: students. Theoretical issues related to planning of public spaces, including university campuses, will be discussed, with particular emphasis on socializing the planning process and organization of socio-cultural events. The results of research conducted among students of culture and media management (Institute of Culture of the Jagiellonian University) will be presented. The research was conducted as part of the subject Urban projects (formerly Project management in urban space) in 2017/2018–2019/2020. The students’ task was to develop an analysis of the Jagiellonian University campus space, with particular emphasis on the building of the Faculty of Management and Social Communication (in which they defined their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), defined the target group, and proposed actions that could improve the quality of public spaces on the Jagiellonian University Campus (implemented with low/high expenditure in the short/long term). The work was carried out in groups, in total more than 60 responses were collected. ‘Good practices’ in the field of socio-cultural student activities that liven up campus space (e.g. the Culture and Media Festival Polikultura in Krakow) will also be presented.

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Kampus Uniwersytecki Morasko w Poznaniu – geneza, struktura przestrzenno-funkcjonalna, obsługa transportowa

Author(s): Katarzyna Kulczyńska,Natalia Borowicz,Karolina Piwnicka-Wdowikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 163/2020

The purpose of the paper is to characterize the most recently created part of the Adam Mickiewicz University – the Morasko Campus. The paper consists of three parts. The first concerns the origins and development of the campus. The second part presents its spatial and functional structure on the basis of a field inventory, while the third one – campus transport solutions based on a survey conducted among students. The history of the campus located in the northern, peripheral part of the city began with laying the foundation act and the cornerstone in 1977. The agricultural role of this area, dominant until the 1980s, has been replaced with new functions, mainly academic and scientific ones. The first university buildings were commissioned in the 1990s, and the construction boom began after 2000. A total of nine faculties (out of 21 existing) are housed in eight buildings in the campus, including exact and natural sciences, as well as a part of social sciences and humanities. To this day, neither student dormitories nor accommodation for PhD students have been constructed (although they are likely to be built), which would emphasize the academic function of the campus. The campus also comprises areas with recreational, sports, residential and other service functions (e.g. catering, beauty, hairdressing, and commercial services), which are complemented by areas that serve transport functions. Location in the northern periphery of the city, and above all the railway line for freight (the northern bypass of Poznań) separating the city from the campus, makes transport to this part of the city limited. The results of the survey revealed a lack of a safe bicycle path between the western and eastern part of the campus, insufficient number of parking places for motorists, a lack of paved roads from the north and west, only three narrow access roads for car commuters, and difficult access by public transport to the eastern and north-eastern parts. In the latter case, the planned extension of the tram line towards Umultowo after the year 2022 is expected to solve the problem.

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Przestrzeń publiczna Kampusu Morasko w Poznaniu w opinii studentów

Author(s): Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 163/2020

Public spaces are an important part of urban space. The paper presents the results of the research on the assessment of the public space of the Morasko Campus situated in the northern part of Poznan. The analysis covers the years 2006 and 2017 and uses the semantic differential method worked out by Osgood, Succi and Tannenbaum in 1957. The study of public space was conducted in terms of five basic categories of spatial order: (1) town-planning – architectural order, (2) functional order, (3) aesthetic order, (4) social order and (5) ecological order. The obtained results show that, in the opinion of students, the Morasko space obtained a higher assessment in all the categories over the study period (an increase in the average assessment from 3.9 to 4.8). In 2017, ecological order was the category assessed highest , and functional order the one assessed lowest,. In the studied years the Campus space was assessed lowest by the students of the Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, which was caused by its peripheral location. Due to the great importance of the natural values of the Campus, their detailed description is presented at the end of the study.

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Wykorzystanie przestrzeni między budynkami Bałtyckiego Kampusu Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego w opinii studentów i pracowników uczelni

Author(s): Alicja Zawadzka,Mateusz Konkol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 163/2020

The article presents the results of research on the use of the space between the buildings of the Baltic Campus of the University of Gdańsk. The study was divided into two parts. The aim of the first one is to present the current state of development of the fenced part of the UG campus, taking into account its location and communication accessibility, as well as parking spaces, communication routes (cars and pedestrians), green areas and small architecture objects located on its premises. The purpose of the second part is to identify the current and preferred ways of using the space between the buildings of the fenced part of the UG campus by its users (students and employees). Based on the results of the survey, final conclusions were formulated, which will be taken into account when implementing the project of changing land use planning of the UG Baltic Campus. The aim of the project will be to create attractive places to spend time outside of classes, as well as places for meetings and integration of the academic community on the UG campus. The project will (probably) be carried out by members of the UG Student Scientific Circle of Spatial Management.

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CYCLING IN THE CITY: NOVI SAD ON ITS WAY TO BECOME MORE BIKE-FRIENDLY CITY THROUGH THE SOCIAL ACTIVISM

Author(s): Ivana Komadina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Novi Sad is a city with great potential for becoming a major cycling city. However, there have been certain obstacles standing in the way. Via survey, people who cycle expressed their satisfaction with the number of parking spots, storage space at home, safety in traffic, quality of cycling paths, and density of cycling paths. On the other hand, a group that does not cycle was asked for reasons behind it as well as for their opinion on how to involve more cyclists. Furthermore, we tried to illustrate the importance of social activism in promoting cycling as well as its role in implementing new social policies. This paper offers an insight into the origins of the present issues while presenting potential solutions based on already implemented methods from other major cycling capitals. Overall we propose novel approaches to tackling this issue with the hope of using this research for making the future policy more coherently and continuously. Only with a multidisciplinary and integrative approach from different parts of the community, Novi Sad can fulfill its potential to become a safe and efficient area for cyclists.

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THE IMPACT OF INTEREST GROUPS ON GOVERNMENT SIZE—REGIONAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY

Author(s): Ersin Nail Sagdic,Öner Gümüş,Güner Tuncer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This study is aimed to investigate the regional pressure groups' effect on the government size in Turkey. According to the public choice theory, elections, political parties, interest and pressure groups, and bureaucracy significantly affect the public production process. Among these actors, pressure and interest groups directly affect variables such as economic growth and public expenditures. In this study, panel data analysis was used to observe the regional effect. The research data set covered 81 provinces of Turkey and the period between 2006 and 2018. According to the results, it was found that interest and pressure groups increase the public expenditures in the less developed regions in Turkey. These results are consistent with the empirical and theoretical studies. For this reason, the study has an important contribution to the literature. This study offers significant conclusions that public economic policies might be under the influence of interest and pressure groups. Even if stated that the results of this study might have many economic, demographic, social, and political reasons regarding Turkey, in the context of public choice theory, it could be seen as a significant indicator of not using public expenditure policies as efficient instruments. This situation shows that public resources are not used efficiently in Turkey and the government has a negative effect on the economy. To eradicate this negative effect, governments coming to power in the future ought to produce economic, political, and social policies in order to decrease the regional differences dramatically in Turkey.

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THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE VOLUME OF LABOR MIGRATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND REMITTANCES

Author(s): Olha Podra,Nataliia Petryshyn,Oksana Bayik,Ulyana Bobko,Halyna Levkiv / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Flows of external labor migration in most cases occur under the influence of the internal economic and political situation in the country; however, in 2020 these trends changed significantly for reasons which did not depend on the socio-economic situation. In order to determine the volume of labor migration in 2020, an analysis was conducted. According to the results, it has been concluded that, despite the restrictive quarantine measures implemented in the European Union (EU) that caused the partial return of migrants to their countries, the rise in unemployment and slow economic growth, labor migrants are highly employed in key occupations of EU that are vital in the fight against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It has been noticed that EU countries increase the number of officially issued residence permits to citizens of non-member countries every year, and Ukraine has become the absolute leader in the number of received residence permits, as well as the leader among European countries by the volume of the received remittances. An abstract-logical and systematic approach, analytical, comparative, graphical, and critical methods were used in the study. Prospects for external labor migration of Ukrainians to European countries have been identified.

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OSVRT NA RAZVOJ STOČARSTVA I VETERINARSTVA U LICI I PODGORJU

Author(s): Ante Rukavina / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1993

Der Autor dieses Artikels befaßt sich mit einigen Problemen der Gespanschaftsein-richtung in Senj und seiner Umgebung. Er beleuchtet seine historische Verbindung mit dem Gebiet von Lika, die von alten Zeiten bis 1993 trotz ist Unterbrechungen erhalten. Das Hinterland von Senj war fur diese Stadt und ihre Umgebung sehr wichtig fiir den Warenaustausch mit dem weiteren Innenland noch zur Zeiten als Senj ein kleiner Hafen war, wie auch später als es zu einem der größten kroatischen Hafen geworden ist. Gleichzeitig mit der besprochenen einheitlichen Einrichtung entwickelten sich ein-zelne einheitliche Dienste. Zum Beispiel: die Veterinare des Bezirks von Lika besorgten auch das anliegende Bezirk von Senj. Am Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts haben wir schon in Senj einheimische, oft auch selbständige Veterinare. Deswegen können wir hoffen, daß der tierärztliche Dienst in Senj und seiner Umgebung seine Leistungen regelmäßig verrichten wird.

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THE GEOGRAPHY OF SERBIA—NATURE, PEOPLE, ECONOMY

Author(s): Dejana Jakovljević / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The paper represents a review of the monograph entitled “The Geography of Serbia—Nature, People, Economy”, published in the scope of “World Regional Geography Book Series” by the Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The aim of the review is to present a prominent monograph of international significance to the scientific community and broader readership. The monograph contains all aspects of physical geography, demography, and regional development as well as related disciplines including historical and geopolitical context, and economy.

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Multi-proxy inferred hydroclimatic conditions at Bęczkowice fen (central Poland); the influence of fluvial processes and human activity in the stone age

Author(s): Mateusz Płóciennik,Aleksandra Jakiel,Jacek Forysiak,Piotr Kittel,Dominik Kacper Płaza,Daniel Okupny,Dominik Pawłowski,Milena Obremska,Stephen J. Brooks,Bartosz Kotrys,Tomi P. Luoto / Language(s): English Issue: 111/2021

Fens have been forming in the river valleys of central Poland since the Bølling and went through a transformation from fully aquatic to semiterrestrial habitats during the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition. This drove plant and invertebrate communities and left a distinct pattern in chemical sediment composition, which is why river valley peatlands are sensitive palaeo-archives of climatic, hydrological and edaphic changes. Here we reconstruct the Late Weichselian history of the Bęczkowice fen in the upper Luciąża River valley using geochemical, pollen, Cladocera and Chironomidae proxies. Pollen-based age estimation indicates that the analysed peat sequence dates from the Bølling to Early Holocene. The layers 190-170 cm and 125-105 cm of the studied core were reworked by fluvial processes. Chironomidae and Cladocera communities indicate mostly limnetic conditions during the Allerød and early Younger Dryas. Peatland pools were supplied mostly by Luciąża River floods, but also by groundwater. Since the onset of the Holocene, the water level has dropped, eliminating aquatic midges and water fleas, and supporting taxa typical of astatic waters and wet soil.

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