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Time after the last glaciation (Würm glaciation) is characterized by profound changes in the climate of Europe. During this period stabilizes associations of plants and animals and produce significant changes in relief. In this paper we present the main geological, geomorphological and biological events occurred in the southwest area of Transylvania Depression and in Romania, in Holocene.
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This paper was exclusively thought of as a case study in the field of soil erosion assessment, aiming at creating a correct GIS-based methodology for a former coal quarry (Vărzari), located in the NE part of Romania, in Bihor County. Thus, it is attempted a combination of both traditional methods (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and the new means of analysis enabled by the new technology, i.e. Geographic Information System (GIS). This study aims at carefully analyzing the present situation of soil erosion in the Vărzari Coal-Quarry. The main outcomes of this study are thematic maps (i.e. landslide prediction map, flow direction map, soil erosion map) viewed as tools for planners and policy-makers at local and regional level.
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There is a 20 mud volcanoes area in the south-western part of the Secaşelor Plateau at the north-eastern end of the Boz village, in the bottom land of the Doştat valley. There are good conditions for appearing of the mud volcanoes phenomenon in Secaşelor Plateau: Neogene layers of clay, marl and sand, anticline-syncline folds, fractures and gas-bearing layer. They have small dimensions and low activity because of the low flux of gas. The biggest one is Yellow Eye. The mud is yellow with dark blue streaks and salts. The mud volcanoes phenomenon from Boz-Doştat area hasn’t the amplitude of the Berca-Arbănaşi one, so it has a low touristic attractiveness but its value can increase by integrating it in a touristic tour of the Sebeş area.
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The area of Bačka is located in northwestern part of Serbia. Although it is predominantly a lowland area, Bačka is characterized by several relief forms that differ in altitude, geological and pedological composition, hydrological conditions, various anthropogenic influences and, therefore, land cover. For the study period, sociogeographical characteristics are more important than natural ones. Human has largely influenced the spatial changes in this region, first of all by forming agricultural areas in all suitable places, then by expanding urban areas caused by population growth, and also by woodcutting and pond formation. Research is focused on the period since there is more accurate and comparable data on the land cover of Serbia in order to detect and analyze the changes faithfully. This paper uses geospatial data from Corine Land Cover (CLC) database that shows the state of land cover from 1990 to 2018 for most of Europe. The aim of this paper is to recognize spatial changes in these data using geographic information system (GIS) and to identify the factors that caused these changes. Motive for this research is still a small number of papers on this topic in Serbia.
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Communal noise is the noise that comes from living together. It is the noise in the interior or exterior, whether in the working or living environment, spaces in public buildings or open public areas. The issue of communal noise has been partially resolved on paper by lows and by-lows on the permissible noise levels in the environment. However, the question is how much noise the community will tolerate, ie, at what point citizens will start fighting noise. Numerous cities have signed strict regulations for reducing noise levels, both day and night, with a proposal for permitted limits. This paper presents commonly used methods for managing and protecting against the harmful effects of noise
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The main objective of this study is to compare two similar geosites in twocountries with different levels of geotourism development, Serbia and USA. The comparative analysis was carried out by applying the M-GAM model for geosite assessmentwhich considers visitor opinion in the assessment process. Our findings indicate that thetwo analyzed geosites, Devil’s Town and Bryce Canyon attract tourists mainly due to theiraesthetic values. The comparative analysis also revealed the advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed geosites as well as the areas on which geosite management shouldfocus their attention in the future. Additionally, the paper also emphasizes the main barriers for geotourism development as well as areas which require improvement. These aremainly related to tour guide service, promotional and interpretive activities. These elements are essential in order to further improve the geotourism offer and attract a largernumber of visitors
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The paper presents the analysis of natural conditions for the development of the agricultural branch – raspberry growing in the municipality of Štrpce. The following analyses were carried out using GIS technology: the analysis of pedological cover, terrain aspect and slope, hypsometric conditions, precipitation and land use methods. The paper also presents the materials and methods for obtaining the final evaluation of the conditions and assessing the natural characteristics for the territory of Štrpce. By cabinet work, elimination method, and valorisation method through software packages, the analysis and interpretation of natural characteristics was carried out on all maps individually. In the geographic information systems, one of the most important materials in research is the database, i.e. its availability and scope. The final version of the work is formed by processing all natural conditions through GIS. The final result of the work and research is a synthetic map of the benefits for raspberry growing in the area of Štrpce, with pronounced areas suitable for the development of raspberry growing. The main reason for determining these locations is the uncertain economic stability and insufficiently informed local population due to the unfavourable political situation in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.
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The use of remote sensing in the field of agriculture is very diverse. Itincludes detection of the amount of chlorophyll in crops, the amount of water, the detection of pests, the creation of maps for selective spraying and feeding, etc. In this work,different vegetation indices were applied on satellite imageries obtained from platforms:Sentinel2, Landsat8, RapidEye, and PlanetScope, in order to detect trends in the vegetation of different cultures. RapidEye and PlanetScope imageries were used in order todetect nitrogen variation for agricultural parcels in the area of the municipality of Becej.In this case indices NDVI, NDRE, and MSAVI2 are applied for cultures: corn, sunflower, wheat, sugar beet, and soybean. Sentinel2 and Landsat8 imageries were used for theanalysis of the orchard near Celarevo in the municipality of BackaPalanka and analysis ofagricultural parcel with a predominantly agricultural crop near Stapar in the municipality of Sombor. The detection of an area with health and non-health vegetation was made,as well as a comparison of the obtained vegetation trends between two platforms. Theapplied indices were: NDVI, TNDVI, GNDVI, EVI2, WDRVI, and GLI.
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Ground penetrating radar technology is a modern method of remote sensing which is applied in various engineering fields. Its main application in geodesy andgeomatcis is in detection of underground utilities. Integration of GPR technology withthermal camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle results with a fast, reliable andcomprehensive system for detecting the heating system pipeline. After detail analysis ofthermal images and results from GPR scanning it is possible to esablish the current stateand geometry of the pipeline and determine future steps in correct maintenance of thesystem.
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Optical telecommunication lines (fiber optic) are used to transfer large amounts of information and are most commonly constructed with non metallic materials. On a selected optical line route, measurements were made using Ground Penetrating Radar technology. Antennas with central frequencies of 400 MHz and 900 MHz were used for the purpose of this study. Based on the obtained data, a conclusion was made about the capability of Ground Penetrating Radar to detect undergroundfiber optic lines.
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The Southwest region is located in the western part of the Republic of North Macedonia, borders with Albania, as well as with the following regions: Pelagonia, Polog, Skopje and Vardar. The main center of the region is the city of Ohrid. The subject of the research is the natural and cultural values in the Southwest region and its protection in order to develop alternative forms of tourism. The methods by which the research was conducted are various. Method of analysis has been used in the study of natural and cultural values in the research region. From the obtained knowledge and results it is concluded that the region has a huge number of natural and cultural values, many of which are protected by law, but for the development of alternative forms of tourism more attention should be paid to the protection of natural rarities and cultural values and increasing protected areas.
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Soil erosion is considered as one of the most common forms of degradation, and as such affects the environment. Nowadays there are various methods to assess the loss of soil due to erosion and represent an alternative means by which it is possible to estimate the amount of soil loss in the given area. In this paper Erosion Potential Method (EPM) is used by applying GIS in the territory of the municipality Beocin. The preliminary parameters in the form of raster maps have been previously prepared: the digital elevation model, the pedological and geological map, the Corine Land Cover, as well as the results of previous pedological studies in order to determine the soil erodibility factor. In the investigated area processes from first to the fifth category of erosion were observed. The degree of threat to erosion processes is in proportion to the extent and type of activity in the investigated area, which was expected due to the high inclination of the terrain and unstable geological substrate. The Erosion Potential Method proved to be suitable for defining erosion processes in the investigated area, although the input parameters were insufficient.
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The Great Plains region covers a third of the territory of the United States and only 3% of the total population lives in it. This disproportion between the size of the territory and the number of inhabitants in it is caused by specific natural conditions in the region. Typical prairie region which runs along the meridian is distinguished by its continuality and strong thermal contrasts. The southern parts of the Great Plains receive more rainfall due to the Gulf of Mexico, while the in the north, towards the Canadian prairie, the winters become colder and sharper. The “Hydrographic lifeblood” of the Great Plains is the Missouri River with the Mississippi River, which represents a very important navigation route of 19000 km. Although the Great Plains are among the last regions in North America that have been used as vegetable surfaces, this hydrosystem serves for irrigation, which resolves the long-standing problem of drought. Thanks to the great spaciousness of high quality chernozem, this region was turned into a continuous breeding zone for hybrid grain varieties, which comprise 75% of US wheat exports. During the research, predominantly analytical and synthetic methods were used, while climatic elements and demographic characteristics were analyzed using the statistical method.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the demographic changes in the cities of the Southern Carpathians. The period studied is 1993-2017. The demographic indicators by which we analyzed the demographic dynamics were: birth, mortality and natural growth. For the first two we also focused on the evolution of the number of newborns and deceased. The necessary data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Their processing was done with the ARC Gis 10.3, and maps were made with the distribution of rates for each indicator. In addition to the maps, graphs of the numerical evolution of newborns and deceased have been made. The decreases in demographic values have been assimilatedwith the negative processes of the mining industry. Basically, cities in the Petroşani Coal Basin faced visible decreases of newborns, a cause being the gradual loss of industrial function. Job losses have led to the installation of insecurity of income insurance, which has been passed on to the organization of families. The entire urban area of the Southern Carpathians faces demographic dysfunctions generated by demographic changes. The natural growth in the period 1993-2017 showed that depopulation is a risk phenomenon that is being carried out in the urban environment of the Southern Carpathian
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In the last two decades, artificial light at night has increased at alarming rates on global level and numerous negative effects of excessive artificial lighting are characterized as light pollution. However, light pollution has not gained enough attention such as water or air pollution, even though researchers are finding more and more evidence of its adverse impact on the environment. This phenomenon is mostly unknown in Serbia (and wider region), and consequences of light pollution have not yet been assessed. Autonomous Province of Vojvodina has 165 protected areas which cover a surface of approximately 2048 km2 and are home to a large number of strictly protected species. Furthermore, due to its geographical location and characteristics of the relief, Vojvodina is intersected by numerous ecological corridors, especially for avifauna. Likewise, this region is also highly populated and has dense road network which is usually located nearby protected areas. Since artificial lighting is present wherever there are human activities, it can be assumed that protected areas and ecological corridors in Vojvodina Province are endangered with light pollution. The aim of this paper is to present the basic concept of light pollution problematic, and to define the biggest light emitters in Vojvodina and surrounding in order to outline the most endangered protected areas by this pollutant.
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The study assessed water quality in the residential estates of Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo state, Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 7 estates (Aerodrome, Aare (one of the estates in Bodija), Basorun, Ashi, OLuwokekere, Oluwonla and Ikolaba, because of the high concentration of boreholes there. Consequently, a copy of household pretested questionnaire was systematically administered to 326 respondents in every 5th building, drawn from the selected estates. Issues that raised include the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents, dominant sources of water, water analysis was carried out on the physiochemical (iron, lead and zinc) characteristics, temperature and pH of the water on site and the perceived effect of metals on health of the respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out at p<0.05. The study revealed the water quality in estates are acidic as the pH scale of estates water was between 4.0, and 5.5. the study also revealed Physiochemical parameters to be iron (0.634), lead (0,058) and zinc (0.073). It was revealed that more than 90% of respondents that went for medical checkup were diagnosed with diabetics. Conclusively, the quality of water in the area fell below the acceptable standard. therefore, prospective borehole sinker should carry out water treatment and also follow appropriate planning guideline in the sinking of boreholes.
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The European Green Deal and its accompanying policy documents attach great importance to the protection of biodiversity. It will be the responsibility of the member states to implement a number of ambitious goals related to restoring degraded ecosystems or expanding the existing network of protected areas. Although the detailed ways of implementing these goals have not yet been fully established, there is no doubt that their fulfillment will significantly affect the shape not only of the system of nature protection, but also forest management.
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