Lokalizacja współczesnych cmentarzy komunalnych w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Długozima / Language(s): Polish Issue: 161/2020

The main purpose of this paper is to characterise contemporary communal cemeteries and to develop a typology of these facilities from the point of view of its location. The main criteria for the selection of cemeteries were the date of creation (1999–2019) and the communal status of objects. Literature studies in the fields of spatial planning, landscape architecture, geography, sociology and an analysis of legal acts including planning acts were the bases for developing evaluation criteria in the aspect of cemeteries location. The location of cemeteries in relation to: natural system, accessibility, functional and spatial structure of settlement units and religious facilities was characterized. The spatial extent of the research covered cemeteries within their boundaries along with the sanitary protection zone (150 m). Field studies were carried out in July and August 2019. The research showed that out of 63 cemeteries, most are established within the administrative boundaries of cities, but in their suburban, non-urbanized areas. Models of communal cemeteries were developed due to their location.

„Sztuka parkowania” – wykorzystanie parkingów Kampusu 600-lecia Odnowienia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w kontekście polityki zrównoważonej mobilności

Author(s): Grzegorz Bubak,Andrzej Jabłoński,Jakub Biesaga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 163/2020

Sustainable mobility is one of the most current challenges of contemporary spatial planning, which focuses also on parking policy. Keeping balance between the demand and supply of parking space as well as using those in public space is under debate in many cities. The goal of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of parking policy on the 3rd Jagiellonian University Campus in Krakow. For five days, at three fixed times, the occupancy level of parking spaces was measured, and the obtained results were analyzed, which helped Authors to propose a number of spatial and organizational solutions. For a better understanding of the source of the problems, photographical documentation was made and unstructured interviewing was conducted. The Authors came to a conclusion that the parking space resources are used ineffectively despite the fact that the number of parking spots exceeds the demand of users. The obtain ed results were discussed in relation to the experiences of other universities in the country and in the world. The main idea of the article is to look at the university as an institution with special social responsibility in the implementation of solutions ensuring sustainable mobility.

Bogumił Wicik – badacz i nauczyciel

Author(s): Andrzej Richling / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The text is devoted to the activity of Bogumił Wicik. His connections with the University of Warsaw were discussed, as well as his research interests, publications, international contacts and teaching achievements.

Safety perceptions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

Author(s): Emilia Bogacka / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Motives: The pandemic situation created unique opportunity to undertake research in the context of the changed living conditions of the population.Aim: The main purpose is to assess broadly understood safety perceptions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The key research tool used was a survey questionnaire (270 respondents), complemented by observations in Poznań (Poland) and photographic documentation. Hometown was chosen due to imposed restrictions on movement.Results: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed people’s life in many aspects and therefore affected perceived safety. Level of fear of the pandemic was varied and so was keeping up to date with information about the pandemic outcomes. Before the pandemic people felt safer in the analysed various places. Implication of the pandemic for everyday behaviour was significant, resulting e.g. in leaving home when it is absolutely necessary, working from home. Most of the imposed restrictions were rated positively.

The accessibility of public urban green space. A case study of Białystok city

Author(s): Iwona Krzywnicka,Patrycja Jankowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Motives: Urban green spaces have many functions in cities. They are used for recreational purposes, and they contribute to improving social interactions and community cohesiveness. For this reason, the location and area of urban green spaces should correspond to the size of the city and its population.Aim: The main aim of this study was to analyze the accessibility of managed and publicly available urban green spaces, referred to as public urban green spaces (PUGS), in four functional and spatial zones in the city of Białystok. The analysis included parks, green squares (pocket parks, ornamental green squares, boulevards) and public forests. The accessibility of PUGS was determined in view of their size and role in the urban spatial structure. Spatial data were processed in GIS and quantitative analyses.Results: The study demonstrated that the area of PUGS per capita meets the requirements of the World Health Organization (WHO), but the area of parks and green squares should be increased. The accessibility buffers of public green spaces often overlapped, in particular in downtown Białystok (Central zone) which is most abundant in these green infrastructure components. The analysis also revealed locations that do not have access to urban green spaces. The results of the study were used to formulate guidelines for incorporating new green spaces in Białystok and improving the urban spatial structure.

Determination of the level of sustainable development of the cities - a proposal for a method of classifying objects based on natural breaks

Author(s): Krzysztof Rząsa,Mateusz Ciski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Motives: The problem of measuring the level of sustainable development is a subject addressed by many authors in their research.Aim: In this article the Authors proposed a new method of classifying objects based on Jenks’ Natural Breaks to measure the level of sustainable development. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the data obtained from Statistics Poland. An important element of the research was the development of the process of selection and rejection of input data on the basis of a variety of statistical indicators. This resulted in a set of data which, on the one hand, is statistically justified and, on the other, describes the examined phenomenon in a comprehensive way.Results: The research objects were 66 Polish district cities; Authors obtained a ranking of cities in terms of its Sustainable Development Level. The authors decided to verify the correlation of the results obtained from a proposed method of classifying objects based on natural breaks, with those from the chosen taxonomic method (Hellwig’s method) and the Classic Ranking. The fact of receiving highly correlated results confirms the validity and reliability of the proposed method.

Effects of land consolidation in Southern Poland

Author(s): Monika Balawejder,Katarzyna Matkowska,Ernest Rymarczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Motives: The fragmentation of land and the distribution of plots in rural areas negatively affects the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation is an activity that facilitates the improvement of the spatial structure and at the same time contributes to the sustainable development of rural areas. European Union (EU) funding helps to improve, among others the area structure of agricultural land in the EU countries. Aim: From these premises, the purpose of the work results, which is the assessment of the effects of the performed consolidation of land with EU funding. The detailed analysis covered 16 precincts from the Podkarpackie voivodeship and 3 precincts from the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The assessment of the consolidation of land was made in 19 consolidated objects in the years 2007-2020. In practice, there is a problem of how to demonstrate the effects of land consolidation? This article proposes to present the four most important effects of land consolidation in the form of the following coefficients: W1 (coefficient of reducing the number of plots as a result of consolidation), W2 (coefficient of increasing the average plot area in the consolidation facility), W3 (coefficient of reducing the number of plots in an individual farm as a result of consolidation), W4 (index of road network density in merged area) are a reliable image of the results of the land consolidation performed in the studied area. Results: The results were obtained. Index W1 in the examined objects indicated the result of 34.0% for the Podkarpackie voivodeship, and 28.8% for the Świętokrzyskie. Index W2 in the Podkarpackie voivodeship is 27.0%, and in the Świętokrzyskie it is higher and amounts to 29.7%. Index W3 which amounts to 39.4% of the average number of plots in a farm in the Podkarpackie voivodeship and much higher, amounting to 46.6% in the Świętokrzyskie. Index W4 for the Podkarpackie voivodeship is + 14.7%. However, for the Świętokrzyskie it is only + 3.7%. Summing up, the study analyzed four indicators showing the effects of land consolidation in southern Poland. The results obtained for these two voivodeships were similar. However, unsatisfactory in terms of the effects of land consolidation.

Sustainability of urbanization processes in the digital environment: food security factors

Author(s): Rasul Balayev,Natig Mirzayev,Hafiz Bayramov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Motives: The article examines the potential of the digital environment in the sustainable supply of fresh food to the big city. Urbanization is a difficult process to manage, and adapting it to the demands of sustainable development requires the search for the new opportunities and ways. In this context, it is highly probable to use the opportunities provided by the digital environment through the Internet, digital technologies and devices, or other digital means. The place and role of ensuring food security in cities and the sustainability of urbanization processes have been little studied.Aim: It is expedient to assess the role of the suburban zone and the zone of transportation of these products to the city in the provision of large cities with fresh food products in terms of sustainable development of urbanization zones.Results: Research and calculations conducted on the example of the Baku agglomeration (Azerbaijan) have provided an opportunity to comment on the impact of food security factors on the sustainability of urbanization processes in the digital environment. To determine the changes in the transportation zone of fresh milk to this agglomeration, we calculated the proposed “weighted average distance of transportation” indicator. It was revealed that the formation of the digital environment in the agricultural production business entities is faster in the areas located closer to the Baku agglomeration.

An overview of urban resilience: dimensions, components, and approaches

Author(s): Mazdak Irani,Payam Rahnamayiezekavat / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This paper investigates the theoretical and research literature on urban resilience. It examines various definitions of the concept and explores its social, economic, and institutional dimensions as components of a dynamic system. The study design was a descriptive review of relevant material collected from high quality scientific databases using the purposeful sampling method. The results indicated that the social ecology model of urban resilience provided a coherent and dynamic approach to the study of urban resilience. This model comprises economic, social, and institutional dimensions, the components of which have different functions in relation to urban resilience in the face of changes and pressures. To be effective, the system must be flexible and contain a variety of resources and functions to make predictions, deal with adverse events, and make provision for possible failures. System stability and balance require active and knowledgeable actors and institutions that enable appropriate communication between them. In this approach, a resilient city not only has the ability to absorb and withstand disasters, but also contains a variety of internal and external resources to regain balance. Resilient systems are the result of a series of decisions and actions at different times. The necessary capacities must be developed in the economic, social, and institutional dimensions to create economic stability, increase awareness and public cooperation, and develop efficient institutions to legislate for and implement urban resilience programs.

Implementation of municipal adaptation plans to climate changes: Case study of Poznań

Author(s): Eliza Kalbarczyk,Michalina Piegat / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The adaptation of cities to climate change is becoming an increasingly pressing need. The choice of optimal adaptation solutions for cities is difficult as it requires an individual approach. One way of avoiding poor decisions is to use the experience of cities which have already implemented adaptation solutions. The aim of the work was to identify measures conducted as part of implementation of the municipal plan of adaptation to climate change for Poznań and to evaluate if the conducted measures complied with the adopted strategic goals specific for the research area. It was found that Poznań undertakes measures on each of the four specified strategic goals, but to a different degree. Hard measures and measures of the types: mitigation, physical infrastructure, and green infrastructure prevail. Most measures are performed in the sectors of transport and biodiversity. In addition, single cases of actions which have a negative impact on the natural environment have been identified.

Support for Restricting the Possibility of African Swine Fever (ASF) Spread Under the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020

Author(s): Marcin Kazimierczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Of the many measures under Polish Rural Development Programme (RDP) 2014–2020, the aid instrument entitled “Support for investments in preventive measures aimed at reducing the effects of probable natural disasters, adverse climatic phenomena and catastrophes” is the focus of this publication. This mechanism is intended to support, inter alia, agricultural producers at risk of damage caused by natural disasters such as African swine fever (ASF). The aim of the article is to attempt to analyse whether, and to what extent, this form of support ensures the sustainability of an agricultural producer’s business by restricting the possibility of African swine fever spread. The author focuses on an analysis of normative solutions contained in the instrument to support investments aimed at preventing the destruction of agricultural productive potential, offered by RDP 2014–2020. The aid form concerned encourages agricultural producers to initiate preventive measures arising from the biosecurity programme aimed at restricting the spread of African swine fever. These are preventive in nature and enable making specific investments to prevent the destruction of agricultural productive potential due to the emergence of specific epizootic events.

Cities after pandemic: enabling social distancing as a new design standard to achieve urban immunity

Author(s): Nawras Motathud Mohammed Salih,Shaimaa Hameed Hussein / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Motives: COVID-19 pandemic has caused worldwide implementation of unprecedented measures of physical distancing to decrease the potential of the COVID-19 infection. As cities respond to closure measures in order to flatten the infection curve, the challenges associated with the spread of the epidemic and the increasing numbers of infected and deaths that compel us to fundamentally rethink the formation of our cities, especially their streets, the research presents an urban review of the impact of the pandemic on cities and find solutions to recover, achieve a safe and sustainable healthy environment, and prepare better for any pandemic that may occur in the future, the research seeks to strengthen the theory of prevention, which the research proposes to call (urban immunity) by including social distancing as a design criterion in the city that has proven effective in flattening the curve.Aims: This paper focuses on the mechanisms related to sustainable mobility after COVID-19 in shaping urban mobility and initiating a green transformation in urban transportation rapidly by decarbonizing and promoting cycling and walking across all over the city. The research methodology depends on identifying the most important urban problems that Al-Dhubat Street suffers from and proposing solutions that reduce dependence on private transportation and move towards sustainable mobility as an important step in strengthening urban prevention against any epidemics that may occur in the future, and then testing indicators on the Al-Dhubat Street to identify effective indicators.Results: The research concluded that social distancing is the way back to active mobility by relying on walking and bicycles and works to restore the right of pedestrians in the streets and sidewalks instead of cars and thus achieve sustainable urban development, which enhances the urban immunity of the city against any other epidemics may occur in the future. With the proposed interventions on Al-Dhubat Street we can keep car use low and promote walking and cycling for a sustainable, equitable, habitable, and healthy community after the pandemic.

Dispersed privatization of council housing: Some structural effects in the municipal housing stock in Olsztyn, Poland

Author(s): Andrzej Muczyński,Sebastian Goraj / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Council (public) housing privatization, as the basic instrument for transforming housing systems, has significantly affected the tenure structure and created millions of new owners across Europe. In Poland, the concept of the dispersed privatization was adopted and implemented in the long term primarily through preferential sales of council dwellings from the municipal housing stock to sitting tenants. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the dispersed privatization of municipal dwellings in the spatial and ownership structure of the municipal housing stock of the city of Olsztyn in Poland. The results showed that poorly controlled processes of the dispersed privatization of municipal housing caused unfavorable structural effects in the surveyed housing stock. The stock has shrunk significantly, losing buildings in better locations and conditions and the undesired fragmentation of municipal ownership and its mixing with private ownership has increased. The results and proposals are important to other cities and countries facing the challenge of slow privatization of public housing.

Identyfikacja gmin zurbanizowanych na podstawie danych przestrzennych

Author(s): Katarzyna Szmigiel-Rawska,Justyna Ślawska,Sylwia Waruszewska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 86/2021

The article presents the classification of municipalities in Poland, divided into urbanised and non-urbanised based on their spatial dimensions. The spatial distribution of urbanised municipalities and their basic characteristics are discussed. The classification was performed using the k-means clustering algorithm on the spatial data from Corine Land Cover databases. The comparison of the administrative and land-use driven classification of municipalities in Poland indicates that the widest differences occur between the functional areas of cities and along dynamically developing transport routes, when identification of urbanised areas in terms of land use is taken into consideration.

Od regresu do sukcesu. Identyfikacja obszarów wiejskich na podstawie poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego

Author(s): Przemysław Tomczak,Agnieszka Latocha,Dominik Sikorski,Robert Szmytkie,Kaśka Kajdanek,Paulina Miodownik / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 86/2021

The study proposes a method of designating areas at different levels of socio-economic development (problem, success areas, and the intermediate stages between them). In the adopted research procedure, the above-described areas were identified on the basis of a synthetic indicator, which took into account six features assigned to two thematic categories (socio-demographic and economic-technical). The years 2003–2019 were assumed as the research period. The applied dynamic approach made it possible to trace the path of socio-economic development of the surveyed units within the proposed four types of areas. The obtained results refer to rural and urban-rural municipalities of Dolnośląskie (Lower Silesia) Voivodship (województwo), with a particular emphasis on the Kłodzko district (powiat), which has been considered a problem area for many years.

Urban development of Pyongiang under the influence of Juche idea

Author(s): Zorica Pogrmić,Bojan Đerčan / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2021

КОРИШЋЕЊЕ ЕНЕРГЕТСКОГ ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛА ВЕТРА У ЦРНОЈ ГОРИ

Author(s): Dejana Đurđević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Research on the potential of wind energy in Montenegro was conducted by the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea. Results are presented in the study - Assessing the potential of renewable energy sources (2007), where Montenegrin coast and area around Nikšić were recognized as potential sites for the construction of wind farms. If we consider only the areas that have a capacity factor of over 25%, we conclude that Montenegro has wind energy potency of 100MW. If we take into account the medium potential zone this value reaches 400MW. By using the aforementioned energy resources to produce electricity 20-25% of annual energy consumption in Montenegro could be provided. Up to now, studies of wind potential for two sites, Krnovo and Možura, have been submitted to Ministry of Economy. At the site Krnovo, construction of the wind farm began in May 2015, while the beginning of construction on the site Možura is still ahead. Montenegro also participates in the project of coastal wind farms, POWERED, which aims to explore the potential of wind in the Adriatic Sea for the construction of offshore wind farms.

УРБАНА ХИЈЕРАРХИЈА У СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Bojan Đerčan,Milica Radaković,Miloš Ostojić,Maja Mirković,Smiljka Obrenov,Jan Vozar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Despite numerous urban studies that analyzed various aspects of Serbia’s urban network, little attention was paid to examining the phenomenon of urban hierarchy and urban primacy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the nature, level and progression of the urban hierarchy in Serbia, as well as its causes and consequences. In achieving these goals, the paper begins with a review of urbanization in Serbia and the methods of its measurement, followed by a discussion of the results obtained. This paper uses data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia on the number of inhabitants and active population employed in the tertiary-quaternary sector in the period between 1971 and 2011. This paper tested the Rank-size rule, known also as Zipf’s law, Urban Primacy Index, and Schmook and Rochefort methods to display the results. This paper concluded that urban primacy is an obvious phenomenon in Serbia. There is a clear distinction between the polycentric urbanized Vojvodina, a somewhat less urbanized central Serbia, and a large range in Belgrade’s functional capacity.

IMPROVING LOGISTICS AS MAIN FACTOR IN TEXTILE CAPACITY USAGE

Author(s): Tursunov Bobir Ortikmirzaevich / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In the conditions of market economy, developments of various patterns of ownership the great value for the enterprises gets rationalised management of industrial resources. In perfection of management they put reserves of growth of production efficiency of production, increasing of its quality, reduction of unproductive losses and net cost of production. Study of a problem of management by industrial stocks in the textile enterprises considerably expands possibilities of an economic inspection of economic activity from positions of an effective utilisation of industrial stocks. In article modern management methods are offered by industrial stocks. Within the limits of the given research a number of offers on perfection of the mechanism of management by industrial stocks of the textile enterprises is developed. Results of research can be used in current administrative activity textile the enterprises for the purpose of reduction of derivation of means in stocks by means of the offered model of storekeeping.

SCHOOL GEOGRAPHIC POLYGON: A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Andrej Vujnić,Anja Nišić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

A geographic polygon is a type of geographic laboratory under the open sky. The basic goal of the school geographic polygon is to acquire practical skills and habits from geography. A polygon can contain different instruments, especially those for the formation of spatial performance, instruments used in the formation of spatial orientation skills, astronomical equipment, meteorological equipment and others. By using these instruments and equipment, students are enabled to acquire geographical education through their own activity and develop a geographical opinion. This paper presents the possibility of creating one of a number of instruments that can be found on a geographic polygon, and it is on the geography professors themselves to look at the possibilities of installing all of these polygon elements.