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Filozoficzne założenia wczesnej edukacji muzycznej – rozwiązanie kompromisowe

Author(s): Małgorzata Suświłło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (59)/2021

This paper aims at presenting philosophical assumptions of early music education. The introductory part draws the readers’ attention to the absence of any elements of early music education philosophy in Poland, even though such elements can be found both in the theory of aesthetic education and related music education theories. The first part of the article focuses on two opposite approaches, i. e., the aesthetic and the “praxial” one, presenting their philosophical background. After discussing the differences between one approach and the other, the author of the article presents her own idea how to reach a compromise between the aestheticians and the “praxialists”. The method she applies is the critical analysis of texts. The author suggests that the compromising solution, which she describes as an aesthetic-praxial one, should be applied as philosophical assumptions of early music education.

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Uczeń szkoły muzycznej I stopnia w edukacji wczesnoszkolnej – wypowiedzi nauczycieli klas I–III na temat wybranych aspektów funkcjonowania szkolnego początkujących muzyków

Author(s): Damian Labiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (59)/2021

The article describes the results of qualitative research carried out among early education teachers who have music school students among their pupils. The aim of the research was to get to know the teachers’ opinions on selected aspects of school functioning of these children. The main research problem was included in the question: Is there any specific way in which students of grades 1-3, who attend first-level music school, function at school? Detailed research problems referred to those students’ marks, relationships with peers, various problems and challenges related to their functioning, as well as support provided to them by teachers. The first part of the article presents music school as a specific educational environment, and shows the importance of music education in a child’s general development. The methodological part includes the characteristics of the research objective, research questions, as well as research procedures. The third part presents the results and conclusions of the research. The article reveals that the way in which music school students function at school is characterised by some specific features, especially in terms of school achievements and social relations. Another important conclusion is the need for optimizing the process of educating teachers so that they can effectively support the development of their talented students.

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Śpiew i piosenka a edukacja do starości w kształceniu zintegrowanym

Author(s): Anna Trzcionka-Wieczorek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (59)/2021

The aim of the article is to draw our attention to the role and place of music education in the life and development of students in grades 1-3 of the primary school. The author describes the musical development of an early school child, she lists various functions of early music education, and she describes five forms of musical activity in which students should regularly participate. Due to the topic of this article, the author emphasizes that singing songs has many values connected with the overall development of pupils. The next part of the article is a reflection on demographic changes and aging of the Polish society. Referring to the books on the subject, the author emphasizes that education until old age should be promoted in school education. She writes that teachers at school should stimulate correct and comprehensive development of pupils during classes, show the positive aspects of aging and old age, and shape proper attitudes towards seniors. This is possible, e. g. during music classes, with particular emphasis on singing and songs. The authors confirms it through the analysis of selected children's songs the lyrics of which are related to old age and seniors.

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Użytkowa funkcja muzyki w gambijskiej szkole podstawowej

Author(s): Anna E. Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (59)/2021

The process of teaching knowledge and skills is adjusted to utilitarian requirements in a given country and to its level of development. Also, it is compliant with customs, religion and culture of the country. This article is a collection of conclusions about music as an educational instrument used in the Chernobaba Memorial School in Manjai Kunda, the Gambia. These conclusions are the result of a one-day observation inside the school during a regular school day. The researcher used the method of naturalistic and ethnographical observation, which provided her with information about school teachers and students in everyday situations. The results of such analysis include remarks and subjective conclusions that may inspire teachers from other cultures to change the approach to music education in primary schools. Charnobaba Memorial School teachers model sound and movement behaviours, and the children’s natural way of learning is the imitation of spontaneous responses. In the classroom, the teachers are the dominant voice while performing tonal and rhythmic sequences, and the students imitate them.

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Pojęcie rodziny w twórczym procesie dziecięcej interpretacji świata

Author(s): Jolanta Bonar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (59)/2021

The article presents the results of the research carried out in the school year 2018/2019 in selected primary schools. The research was compliant with the assumptions of constructivism. The aim of the study was to diagnose the ways of understanding the abstract concept of a family in a group of younger schoolchildren from a large city (Lodz). It was assumed that an effective way of extracting meanings given by children is to trigger their creative activity. Typical psychodidactic techniques were used: asking questions, drafting cognitive maps and creating analogies. The material obtained in the course of observation and analysis of children’s creations has been studied. The strategy used made it possible to reconstruct the children’s process of understanding the concept of a family, and to show the possibilities inherent in the psychodidactics of creativity. Such possibilities enable teachers to activate children’s way of interpreting the world and eliciting its personal and original representations.

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Liryka dla dzieci jako punkt wyjścia do rozmowy o literaturze i sztuce – ujęcie praktyczne

Author(s): Alicja Ungeheuer-Gołąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (59)/2021

The author of the article discusses some issues related to integration of literary content and art at the level of elementary education. It presents the course of the author’s literary workshop with children conducted with the use of the method of integrated work, combining contents in the field of poetry for children, fine arts and philosophy. It is based on a literary text: a poem by Joanna Papuzińska entitled Ja [Me]. The researcher draws our attention to the specific features and the need to integrate contents while working with children. Furthermore, the author of the article describes the results of the interview with the surveyed children and teachers concerning their attitude to the above mentioned method of working with a text. The research was carried out in primary schools in Krosno, in small groups of respondents, using the interview method. In the article, the author includes her own reflections on the conducted educational activities, and conclusions from the conducted research.

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Składowe procesu diagnozy pedagogicznej i ich postrzeganie przez nauczycieli szkół ogólnodostępnych i integracyjnych – raport z badań (cz. 2)

Author(s): Joanna Skibska,Agnieszka Twaróg-Kanus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (68)/2023

Taking appropriate actions to stimulate the development of the student and to support his/her delayed or disturbed spheres of development requires recognition of the problem by conducting a diagnosis aimed at getting to know the examined child and their difficulties. The purpose of the study was to find out the opinions of teachers of mainstream and integrated schools on the process of pedagogical diagnosis and its components and their selected determinants. The study used the method of a diagnostic survey carried out with the use of the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part consisted of two open-ended questions concerning the understanding of the idea of diagnosis and therapy by the surveyed teachers. The second part consisted of closed (categorized) questions related to various aspects of the process of pedagogical diagnosis and therapy. For the purpose of this article, only the responses from part two of the questionnaire related to the process of diagnosis and its components were analysed. The research presented here refers to the evaluations of the process of pedagogical diagnosis including its most important components emerging from the beliefs of the surveyed teachers of mainstream and inclusive schools working with children with special educational needs. In addition, the analysis of the research results shows the perception of the process of pedagogical diagnosis by the surveyed teachers from the perspective of its selected components, which made it possible for us to determine the structure of this process crystallized in the opinions of teachers of mainstream and inclusive schools. Significant statistical differences were found in relation to the indication of knowledge and communication as important components of the process of pedagogical diagnosis by teachers of mainstream schools with additional qualifications.

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Systematic Review About Students’ Conceptions of Engineering Accessed Through Drawings: Implications to STEAM Education

Author(s): Jefferson Rodrigues-Silva,Ángel Alsina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

We aim to review students’ conceptions of engineers and engineering accessed through their drawings. Accordingly, we enrolled in a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocols. For that, we established the Web of Science as the source of information. After applying eligibility criteria, the search resulted in ten records. We observed that many reviewed studies enrolled in research designs which contained comparisons of groups, cohorts (cross-age) or pre-post-tests. However, they generally overlooked appropriate statistical tests. Overall, the studies evidenced that most students conceive engineers as males who work individually in manual activities and outdoor environments. The major contribution of this study is providing an overview of the investigation of children’s conceptions of engineering. Additionally, we call attention to the need for more research, teacher training, and carefully planned and executed activities that enhance students’ conceptions of engineers and engineering instead of worsening stereotypes—especially considering current curriculum proposals, such as STEAM education embracing engineering at precollege levels.

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Badania w działaniu w pedagogicznym komponencie kształcenia nauczycieli

Author(s): Bogusława Dorota Gołębniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

This article is an invitation to discuss the rationale, the foundations and the resulting place and boundary conditions of incorporating research of an educational intervention nature known as action research into the pre-service education programmes (in the pedagogical component, in the implementation of modules devoted to didactics). In the situation of a radically changing teaching context, we not only do not deny but appreciate the importance of basing (or supporting) the didactics of higher education with the results of research carried out in the quantitative convention (leading to theories explaining the phenomena and processes occurring in school reality on a macro or meso scale), reaching out to the results of research undertaken in the interpretative convention, reconstructing the meanings and senses given by the actors of the educational scene to their place and professional role. However, we believe that in the acquisition of strictly didactic competence it is worthwhile to include the critical reflection triggered by the study of school practice via pedagogical theories, but also to encourage and create conditions for participation in projects transforming the space and modes of learning beyond the classroom and school walls. Drawing on examples from own practice, I show the possibilities and limitations of student research in action embedded in dialogical and trialogical approaches to teacher education.

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Kompetencje badawcze w kształceniu przyszłych nauczycieli – projektowanie programów studiów przygotowujących do wykonywania zawodu nauczyciela

Author(s): Agnieszka Janiak-Jasińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The nearly five-year period of implementing new solutions in initial teacher education, caused by the introduction of new legal regulations, encourages verifying the validity of the assumptions made and rethinking the adopted concepts. The article aims to indicate the key issues related to the design of future teachers’ education, in particular the development of their research competence. For this purpose, the author analysed the legal regulations affecting its conception and the solutions implemented at Polish universities. The article discusses the doubts related to the inclusion of a five-year teacher training path into the two-stage study system, the consequences of choosing a study profile and the placement of psychological, pedagogical and didactic preparation in the study programme.

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Projekt „Krytyczne czytanie ze Szkołą Edukacji”: od koncepcji do wdrożenia

Author(s): Kinga Białek,Magdalena Swat-Pawlicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The postulate of teaching critical thinking is becoming increasingly popular in Polish schools. Those trying to implement it face two types of challenges. First, there is a lack of methodological programmes that allow for a change in teaching philosophy. The existing ones, which invite a repository of techniques that foster deep thinking, are not embedded in a long-term reflection on what conditions must be met for the real development to occur. The second major issue is the lack of preparation of teaching staff, who have not experienced effective learning in this area during their education, both as students and teachers. The paper focuses on the lesson study method and its practical implementation in education using the example of the “Critical Reading with the School of Education” project. The project was based on the premise that every teaching method should be subjected to detailed evaluation. Evaluation should be present at various stages of the programme, from conceptualisation relating to the educational context, through teacher training, to in-depth analysis of student performance. Each stage of evaluation has been carefully planned to correspond to the project’s research plan and is discussed in the article along with a presentation of the evaluation results.

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Dlaczego warto uczyć nauczycielki i nauczycieli ewaluacji?

Author(s): Bartłomiej Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The paper argues for a wider presence of evaluation in the training of future teachers. The argumentation relies on an analysis of the evaluation theory and its impact on the quality of teaching. The milestones are presented, along with Donna Merten’s division of evaluation theory into four types: postpositivist, constructivist, transformative and pragmatic. Instead of showing a linear vision of evaluation development, the author proposes a heterodox approach, as suggested by Henryk Mizerek. Next, the paper discusses the evaluation status of the trans-discipline. The second part proposes a review of research on the impact of evaluation on the quality of teaching and learning, including a discussion of limitations in available data and reviews. The last section focuses on evaluation at the micro level: schools, teams, and individual teachers. The author concludes that theoretical development and internal differentiation in evaluation, together with the proven influence on the quality of teaching and learning, bring arguments to strengthen the presence of evaluation in teacher education curricula. In particular, self-evaluation, with its ability to improve self-reflexivity, needs more attention.

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Wykorzystywanie wyników monitorowania umiejętności uczniów z języka polskiego w praktyce szkolnej

Author(s): Joanna Dobkowska,Barbara Murawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article presents the possibilities of using the measurement of pupils’ achievements to strengthen cooperation between teachers and to develop solutions supporting the preparation for the eighth-grade Polish language examination. The solution applied as part of the activities carried out in the project Monitoring the skills of students of the 7th grade of primary school, conducted in cooperation between researchers from the University of Warsaw and the authorities and teachers from schools in Ostrołęka, was the analysis of the results of a diagnostic test conducted using the SWOT technique. The conducted activities confirmed that participation in the process of internal evaluation encourages teachers to take a multifaceted approach to the results obtained by students and enables them to observe quantitative data in a broader context. SWOT analysis requires launching a process of positive thinking, moving away from focusing only on mistakes and deficiencies. This multifaceted approach makes one realise that the same test results can indicate both weaknesses and strengths of students. This process activates teachers and involves them in the diagnostic process, thus making them jointly responsible for its purpose and results. This type of analysis also provides important support for teachers preparing students for different types of examinations.

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Monitorowanie osiągnięć uczniów z matematyki jako metoda doskonalenia zawodowego nauczycieli

Author(s): Monika Jakubowska-Mirek,Ewa Stożek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article concerns the educational diagnosis and its connection with teachers’ professional development. Based on literature review, as well as the conclusions from the research, the characteristics of the diagnosis conducive to the development of teachers were defined. They became the reference point for the evaluation of the project titled: What can we already do? Monitoring students’ skills a year before the primary school final exam. The analysed concept of the diagnosis assumes two goals: to reliably measure students’ mathematical skills and to support mathematics teachers. In addition, the involvement of students in the research process is an opportunity to develop the diagnostic competences of prospective educators. The assessment was conducted based on research reports, teacher surveys, as well as observations and self-reflections of experts-researchers carrying out the diagnosis. The main problem in the effective execution of the diagnosis understood in this way is the lack of teachers’ involvement in the diagnosis. This may stem from a widespread mistrust and the fear of control that is common among teachers. In the case of a formally imposed diagnosis, it takes time and friendly support from experts-researchers for teachers to overcome their reluctance to research. The key task for the external researchers is convincing teachers that the diagnosis aims to be an impulse for reflection and self-development, and not a verification of the teachers’ competences. Involving teachers and students in the execution of specific stages of the diagnosis is a good practice and it needs to be ensured that their participation is even greater. Execution of the diagnosis understood as support for the teacher, requires proper planning of the entire research process. The structure of tests and the nature of diagnostic tasks are of great importance, as they should enable the analysis of student errors.

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Students’ Attitudes About STEM Teaching Case Study From Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Edisa Puška,Adis Puška,Ilija Stojanović,Branislav Dudić,Jelena Premović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The knowledge that is based on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics is the basis for the development of any country. Less developed countries lack experts in these areas. Therefore, the ENABLE-BIH project (Enhancing and Advancing Basic Learning and Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina) was introduced in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which aims to improve the situation in the education sector. This study included the Public Institution “Ninth Elementary School” in Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina in which this project was implemented. The study included a total of 125 students from this school. The aim of this study is to examine the difference between attitudes about STEM from the point of view of gender differences and the age of students. After the data were collected, the statements were grouped into appropriate factors using factor analysis. The factor analysis showed that five factors stand out in this research. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that there is no difference between students ‘attitudes regarding gender differences, while there is a difference regarding students’ age. The results of this research showed that the ENABLE-BIH project delivered good results and suggests the importance of implementing similar projects in the future.

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The Impact of the Application of rhe Online Teaching Model on the Development of Digital Competencies of Future Preschool Teachers

Author(s): Gordana Stepić,Sonja Veličković,Olivera Cekić Jovanović,Andrijana Miletić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

In this study, the influence of the application of an online teaching model on the development of digital cometences of future teachers in preschool institutions was examined. The research that this study deals with was carried out on a sample consisting of N=125 students of the 3rd year of basic academic and professional studies in the study program of teacher in preschool institutions. As a research instrument, a five-point Likert-type scale of attitudes was used. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of future teachers in preschool institutions when it comes to self-assessment of digital competencies before and after the implementation of online classes during the state of emergency in Serbia during the Sars-Cov-2 virus pandemic. The conclusion of the study is that the implementation of online teaching in processing the content of the Methodology of getting to know the environment affects the improvement of the digital competences of future educators when it comes to: 1) creating digital resources; 2) application of digital technologies in immediate educational work; 3) the role of digital technologies in professional development. The results of this research can be used to encourage teachers to step out of the usual pre-pandemic practice and enrich their pedagogical work with combined teaching (hybrid model) where part of the material would be analyzed in person, and part would be analyzed online using web tools, websites and videoconferencing applications.

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Outdoor Education: Perspectives of Teachers and Students in the Context of School in Nature as an Innovative Approach in Education

Author(s): Dragan Cenić,Tatjana Milosavljević Đukić,Aleksandar Stojadinović,Ana Spasić Stošić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This research analyzed the opinions of primary school teachers and students regarding the benefits of outdoor education, using the example of School in Nature, for the organization of educational activities within the instruction process. It explored educational, social, recreational, and ecological aspects, as well as the existing differences in their opinions. The research was conducted on a sample of elementary school teachers and fourth-grade students in the Bor District in the Republic of Serbia. The research involved 223 participants (elementary school teachers N=73, and fourth-grade students N=150). A questionnaire was designed for the purposes of this research to assess the opinions of teachers and students towards the learning environment and the effectiveness of implementing outdoor education in the context of School in Nature. The research results indicate a compliance between teachers’ opinions about the significance of outdoor education, especially through School in Nature, and its benefits to the educational aspect of the teaching process. Students displayed positive attitudes related to social interaction in learning, emphasizing the development of positive social relationships and skills. Differences in opinions between teachers and students regarding the learning environment and the effectiveness of outdoor education in meeting learning objectives represent a significant starting point for better understanding the quality of the teaching process.

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Enhancing Legally-Based E-Government Services in Education Through Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Žaklina Spalević,Jelena Kaljević,Slaviša Vučetić,Petar Milić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), governments can automate the analysis of publicly available government datasets. This process aids in the recognition of patterns and the development of a more profound comprehension of various socio-economic factors and empowers governments to base their policy decisions on data, effectively tackling societal issues, and optimizing the allocation of resources. In this paper we present AI’s application in the realm of e-government, with particular emphasis on its potential influence on the advancement of this field through e-government services and their significance for a range of stakeholders. Moreover, we have conducted comprehensive review of existing literature on the subject and the identification of avenues for enhancement along with consideration of legislation as a potent instrument to guide the progression of AI within the sphere of e-government, thereby amplifying its transformative effect. We emphasize the importance of education in area of AI in order to ensure it’s high quality implementation in this and other areas.

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Can AI be Evil: The Criminal Capacities of ANI

Author(s): Željko Bjelajac,Aleksandar Filipović,Lazar Stošić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) represents a captivating domain within technological advancement, bearing the potential for profound societal transformations. While ANI holds the promise of enhancing various facets of human existence, it concurrently engenders inquiries into its “darker aspects.” This study delves into the challenges associated with ANI’s conceivable manifestation of harm and injustice, a phenomenon devoid of consciousness, intention, or responsibility akin to that of human entities. A pivotal dimension of ANI’s “dark side” pertains to its susceptibility to malevolent utilization. Despite its lack of awareness, ANI serves as a tool for malicious endeavors, encompassing the propagation of disinformation, compromise of security systems, and consequential decision-making. This prompts contemplation on strategies to mitigate these “precise manifestations of malevolence” arising from ANI’s technological progression. Additionally, ANI’s development introduces profound ethical quandaries. Ensuring ANI’s alignment with moral principles while averting scenarios in which it generates decisions conflicting with human morality becomes a pressing concern. This research underscores the imperative for rigorous regulatory frameworks and ethical directives to curtail potential hazards and unscrupulous utilization of ANI. The fundamental objective of this investigation is to advocate for the responsible deployment of ANI in society. A comprehensive understanding of potential risks, complemented by meticulous consideration of ethical dimensions, emerges as an indispensable prerequisite to harmonizing technological advancement with safeguarding societal and individual interests.

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GAMIFIKÁCIÓ A HITOKTATÁSBAN

Author(s): Lilla Szénási,Levente Szénási / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

Gamification in Religious Education. In its first part, the study describes what definitions were created to define the notion of “game” and what characteristics of it can be observed. The second part shows the place of game itself in religious education, and the reason why it is useful if included in the practice of religious education. The third part revolves around the concept of gamification and points out the differences between games and gamification. The fourth part deals with the applicability of gamification in religious education, in which, in addition to theory, practice also appears. The two authors would like to answer the questions raised in the study Possible Forms of Gamification in School Catechesis published in 2019. On the one hand, with the involvement of the young people of the Reformed Church in Martos, who are preparing for confirmation, the Text Eater program (application) designed for them, which tries to facilitate learning the answers to the questions of the Catechism, is evaluated based on practice. On the other hand, with the involvement of the pupils of the Reformed Elementary School with Hungarian as the Language of Instruction in Martos, the gamification evaluation is assessed pertaining to its use in religious education, as a second potential gamification tool.

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