Albanci i srpsko-albanski odnosi u srpskim udžbenicima (1887-1987)

Author(s): Aleksandra Ilić Rajković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper represents an attempt to overview the dynamics of the development of ideas about the Albanians and Serbian-Albanian relations in Serbian textbooks since the 1880s to the 1980s. The subjects of analysis were history and geography textbooks for both elementary and high school. Several topics were taken into consideration: Slovenian migrations to Balkans, Stara Srbija, First Balkan war, Second World War and The Resolution of the Communist Information Bureau (Informbiro). The paper shows that the data framed by these topics was insufficient for students to build up clear reflections based on a critique of the presentation of neighbors and to understand the relations between the two countries. The contents of the textbooks were in the function of the ruling political discourse, and the topics which surpassed their areas of interest were not considered valuable. For this reason contents which would enable better understanding of the other side, its contexts and their circumstances, were put aside. The paper thus points to the multiple questions which were elaborated incompletely, or were thematically neglected. This leads to a conclusion that the ignorance about the “other” has been “accumulated” over the generations, which presents itself as the fertile ground for embedded prejudices and all forms of manipulation.

Rat na Kosovu 1998-1999. u udžbenicima istorije na Kosovu i u Srbiji

Author(s): Shkëlzen Gashi / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This article focuses on the way the most important events during the war in Kosovo (1998-1999) are presented in the primary and high history textbooks in Kosovo. The article aims to analyse the presentation of the political/military groups of Kosovo Albanians during the war, their political goals, the meetings, agreements, and collaboration of the political and military representatives of the Albanians with their Serb counterparts, and the war crimes committed by both sides. The article is divided in four parts: the peaceful and the military factions; war crimes, the Rambouillet Conference; and the NATO intervention. The primary and high history textbooks of Kosovo and Serbia, published by the Libri Shkollorpublishing house (Prishtina), and by Zavod za udžbenike (Belgrade), approved by the respective ministries of education, serve as the primary source for this article. In addition to that, works by foreign scholars, who have analysed the events in Kosovo in this period are taken into consideration with their respective arguments.

Człowiek – Boże igrzysko

Author(s): Robert A. Sucharski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Starting from the Old Polish proverb "Człowiek – Boże igrzysko" ("Man – A God’s Plaything") the paper discusses the previous etymological attempts to decipher the very meaning of the lexeme/sign human in Polish/Slavic, Greek, Latin and Hebrew, arguing that not only the signifié of the sign human deserves to be called "A God’s Plaything", but does it also its nominal signifiant.

Inteligent jako znak w przestrzeni polskiej

Author(s): Jan Kieniewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the essay, Polish intelligents were treated as network nodes that as signs in the social system appeared walking, standing and sitting. This symbolic view of their role indicates their importance in giving meaning to Polish national space.

Rosyjscy czytelnicy "Konrada Wallenroda"

Author(s): Maria Prussak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In Russia Adam Mickiewicz quickly earned respect and a prominent position in the democratic literary society. Konrad Wallenrod, translated in prose by Stefan Shevyriev and published in 1828 a few months after the Polish edition immediately became very popular and by 1834 its fragments had been translated twenty times. The reception of the poem is paradoxical; in a description of the withdrawal of freezing Teutonic Knights defeated by Lithuanians the Russians saw Napoleon’s flight from Moscow. Thus, surprisingly, a picture of the same event captured in a poem about a fight for freedom has a different meaning to two nations. Therefore Konrad Wallenrod confirms Stefanowska’s thesis of “poetry dominating over truth”.

Józef Jowialski jako alegoria

Author(s): Jerzy Axer / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The title character in Aleksander Fredro’s comedy Pan Jowialski [Mr Jovial] has been a bone of contention for scholars interpreting the work ever since its world premiere in Lwów in 1832. The paper briefly outlines the main threads in these disputes and proposes a new interpretive perspective. An analysis of Act IV, Scene 1 reveals that the allegorical picture sketched by Wiktor the painter is based on entries from Rev. Alojzy Osiński’s "Słownik mitologiczny" ["Dictionary of Mythology"] (Warszawa 1806–1812). Fredro had this book in his reference library. Transformations and modifications of dictionary expressions enable Fredro to create his own allegorical composition engaging all of the stage characters. Jowialski himself becomes this world’s central figure: “Jove”. This scene, usually shrugged off as a “stage gag”, might thus be recognised as the playwright’s instructions explaining the scheme of the whole comedy.

Bez biografii

Author(s): Agata Zalewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The title’s “no biography” points directly to the aim of the paper, namely an interpretation of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s Tatarak [Calamus] that suspends the biographical context. This particular work in the writer’s oeuvre seems to require such a construal. When read – most often – as a text that is autobiographical or contains evident references to the writer’s biography, it loses its uniqueness. It thus becomes little more than an excuse for increasingly bold comparisons between the feelings of the protagonist, Marta, and the passion felt by Iwaszkiewicz himself from his infatuation with a much younger man. Meanwhile, the artistic magnitude of this short story by no means lies in any biographical context, but in the system of meanings it creates and utilises. Starting from the composition (including a story-within-a-story structure), through the portrayal of the characters, all the way to the significance of the title’s sweet-flag plant.

Ciało Grochowiaka

Author(s): Halszka Witkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text “Body of Grochowiak. Turpism or resurrection” is an analysis of Stanislaw Grochowiak’s poetic aesthetics, through the prism of how he describes the human body. The author questions the thesis, well-established in literary research, that Grochowiak was a turpist poet, focused on death, ugliness and pain. However, it shows how important the context in which the poet was creating is. Showing humanity through images devoid of Arcadian beauty is a fuller perspective, thanks to which poetry becomes more human, helps to disenchant the cruel reality by giving new meanings to suffering. It can not only become a companion of everyday life, but also help to find a language to tell about the post-war reality, often filled with pain and lack of hope.

Dręcząca nieoczywistość znaku (na podstawie opowiadania Vladimira Nabokova "Znaki i symbole")

Author(s): Teresa Dobrzyńska-Janusz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the problem of recognition of sings and relevant understanding of their respective meanings, as well as the question of in what ways interpretative hypotheses determining the content of a literary work are conditional upon the reader’s cultural competencies and worldview assumptions. These considerations are related to my interpretation of Nabokov’s short story Signs and Symbols, which turns into a series of alternative readings. The ambiguity of the Nabokov text can be regarded as an expression of the author’s cognitive relativism. The proposed analysis leads to the conclusion that the story is about a cognitive drama of a human who endeavours to understand what is (or is not) a sign and what is happening in the reality surrounding him.

Uciekł człek

Author(s): Piotr Mitzner / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author reviews a number of old newspapers, dated between 1793 and 1918 (access to a wider selection was not possible due to the prevailing pandemic). He draws particular attention to news items and to small advertisements, which document the lives of ordinary people against a background of major historical events. Finally, he presents a short anthology of small ads placed on the Internet during the current pandemic.

Bohaterowie swoich czasów

Author(s): Hanna Paulouskaya / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In contrast to the great Hollywood productions, ancient mythology entered Soviet screens in the form of animated cartoons for children. Ideological by nature, USSR culture adopted and changed for its needs also ancient myths and their heroes. This article analyses what changes took place and what meaning ancient heroes acquired in Soviet productions of the 1970s and 1980s. The subject of the analysis is the series of animations “Legends and Myths of Ancient Greece” (1969–1974) directed by Aleksandra Snezhko-Blotskaia and the film “Narodziny Heraklesa” (1982) directed by Yulian Kalisher.

„38 litrów wody, czyli trzy czwarte twojego ciała…”

Author(s): Marek Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper refers to the film directed by Lech Majewski titled "The Garden of Earthly Delights". The author of this paper suggests an interpretation built on nihilism to be able to show that human is a kind of mistake of nothingness. We can think about art in a similar way that means that art is a kind of mistake of life in a biological sense. The word mistake can find positive meanings, but it depends of the experience of love, good or beauty. The film "The Garden of Earthly Delights" functions as the image full of intertextual connections is worth of cognition and understanding.

Tworzywo i znaczenie – rola fotografii w filmie Raula de la Fuente i Damiana Nenowa "Jeszcze dzień życia"

Author(s): Izabela Tomczyk-Jarzyna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the role of photography in the film “Another Day of Life” inspired by Ryszard Kapuściński’s prose of the same title. Photography was used to prepare artistic concepts and create the figure of main characters. Photography as an element of the film material was subject to activity similar to the collage method. As a semantic element, the act of photographing allowed to mark the moment of blurring the boundaries between text and image in the process of getting to know the world and blurring spatial relations. These ambiguous decisions were used by the authors to tell about Kapuściński’s birth as a writer.

O semiotyce kultury cyfrowej na przykładzie dyskursu sztuki

Author(s): Ewa Szczęsna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this text the author reflects on the semiotic existence of culture discourses in connection with the rapid development of digital technology. The author analyzes selected texts of digital art as examples of the transformation in how works of literature, sculpture, or film exist. The article covers how movable font, which changes in shape and color, participates in shaping literary meanings; the creation of semiotic and interactive figures; the textualization of the user’s actions and body; dematerialization; processuality; narrativization; the temporalizing of sculpture which changes before the eyes of the recipient; the presence of alternative narratives in literature and film; multi-variant plots co-created by the recipient; and the artistic use of other discourses. The author proves that the structure and specificity of the digital sign lies at the base of the changes. The digital sign is immaterial, programmable, and hybrid, and combines aspects of expression, meaning, and action, which makes it efficient.

Reminiscencje

Author(s): Maciej Abramowicz,Barbara Bienias,Aleksandra Brylska,Teresa Dobrzyńska-Janusz,Katarzyna Marciniak,Alina Nowicka-Jeżowa,Bogusława Rokoszewska,Ewa Rudnicka,Izabela Tomczyk-Jarzyna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Ancheta

Author(s): Hugó Ágoston,Adâm Anavi,Imre József Balázs,Béla Bíró,Mircea Cărtărescu,Péter Demény,Paul Drumaru,Läng Zsolt,Martin Mircea,Carmen Mușat,Anamaria Pop,Ion Pop,Mircea Popa,Júlia Szilágyi,Szabolcs Szonda,Geo Șerban,Júlia Vallasek,Daniel Vighi,András Visky / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Investigations by: Âgoston Hugo, Anavi Âdâm, Balâzs Imre-Jôzsef, Biro Béla, Mircea Cărtărescu, Demény Péter, Paul Drumaru, Läng Zsolt, Mircea Martin, Carmen Mușat, Anamaria Pop, Ion Pop, Mircea Popa, Szilâgyi Julia, Szonda Szabolcs, Geo Șerban, Vallasek Jûlia, Daniel Vighi, Visky Andrâs.

Mařenickej svět je jinej

Author(s): Adam Hošek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article explores the formative period of the Czech underground in the mid 1970s as portrayed by a lesser known book Mařenická kniha by Pavel Zajíček. It presents its distinct point of view of the whole process and draws basic comparison with other influential ways in which underground’s semiotic space was being described.The article explores the formative period of the Czech underground in the mid 1970s as portrayed by a lesser known book Mařenická kniha by Pavel Zajíček. It presents its distinct point of view of the whole process and draws basic comparison with other influential ways in which underground’s semiotic space was being described.

Смяната на имената като проблем на историографията и колективната памет

Author(s): Nikolay Papuchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of a study carried out within the project “The Post-1989 Democratic Transition – Interpretations of Historical Change, Social Experience and Cultural Memory in Contemporary Bulgarian Literature,” financed by the National Science Fund, Ministry of Education and Science. The study focuses on two films: Gori, gori, ogunche (Burn, Burn Fire) (1994), screenplay by Malina Tomova, directed by Rumyana Petkova, and Radiogramofon (Radiogram) (2017), written and directed by Ruzie Hasanova. The subject of the paper is the reflection within Bulgarian society during the so-called “Time of Transition” of one of the most traumatic period of Bulgarian history – the changing of the Bulgarian Muslims’ Turkish or Arabic names which the communist government initiated and enforced, at times using violence, during the 1960s and 1970s. The concept of the modern Bulgarian nation shared after 1989 was characterized by the same heavy nationalistic leanings which had been created and sustained by the totalitarian regime in the previous historical period. Some of them shaped the social representations after the collapse of the Communist regime. Using the two movies under consideration, the article looks at some of the main aspects of the changes in Bulgarian society – the collective images, the attitudes towards history, and the problems of group identities in the new social, political, economic and historical period. Along with mass media content analysis, the study is based on numerous interviews with local people. The chosen methodology aims to reveal and discuss the sites of trauma in the collective memories.

Vladislav Vančura ve třech stoletích: život, tvorba a odkaz

Author(s): Jiří Poláček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Slezský region je v obecném povědomí spjat především s Petrem Bezručem, který se narodil v Opavě, jeho otec Antonín Vašek je však rodákem z Háje ve Slezsku. Zde se také 23. června 1891 narodil Vladislav Vančura: dnes tu má pomník a sídlí zde Spolek Vladislava Vančury, mezi jehož aktivity patří již třicet let pořádání kulturního festivalu nazvaného Rozmarné léto. Vančura ve svém rodišti, kde jeho otec Václav Vojtěch Vančura pracoval jako hospodářský správce cukrovaru, žil jen krátce. Dětství strávil hlavně v Davli u Prahy a v Praze, v níž také vystudoval gymnázium.

ENALAGA VREMENA I NAČINA U PUTOPISNOM ŽANRU

Author(s): Bernisa Puriš / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Narrative sequence is the basic configural element (speech type) of the travelogue, on the basis of which its spatial and temporal arrangement is organized. The temporal arrangement of travel narration depends on the travel writer’s awareness of time and their subjective experience of time while writing about the journey. The writer, as a storyteller, has the freedom to choose a perspective, i.e. time point of view, to narrate the travel story to others. In this context, the question of intentionality in choosing verb forms to express travelogue temporality is important for stylistics. Regarding this question verb forms were studied as stylistic indicators of experiential, dynamic, rhythmic, and interdiscursive effects. These stylistic features make the travelogue genre specific and distinguishable from other genres with which it simultaneously exists. In doing so, it starts from the position that the issue of synonymy is very important in stylistic research. Since the subject of this paper is grammatical synonymy in the field of narrative temporality, the paper uses the concept of analogous time and mode, which in the system of stylistic / rhetorical figures means the expression of the same temporal relations in different verb tenses and modes. The research corpus is an anthological selection of 20th-century travelogues from Bosnia and Herzegovina.