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Groza i wyobraźnia. Bóg i Bruno Schulz

Author(s): Michał Klinger / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2023

In our topic “horror” is brought by God himself, imagination – by Bruno Schulz. The purpose of the study is to sketch the hermeneutic process that arises between the presence of Scripture and the forms of imagination in Schulz’s work. I will present a literary interface of the Sinai epiphany and some visions from Schulz’s topos of the town Dorohobych, along with a theological (biblist) commentary. I consider the presence of hierophany in Schulz’s work to be obvious and essential, contrary to the critics of the relevant hermeneutics presented by Władysław Panas. The chapters of the Hourglass Sanatorium in the suggestive imagery of the “Book”, especially thanks to the metaphors of its “degradation”, build a hermeneutic prophetically consistent with the self-determinations active within the framework of Scripture. We point to an analogy with the theme of Scripture in Mikhail Bulgakov’s Master and Margaret.

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Cnotliwe Słowianki i knujące Niemki. Wzorzec dobrej żony i jej antyniemiecki kontekst w powieści historycznej Bracia Zmartwychwstańcy Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego

Author(s): Sebastian Harasimiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2023

Emnilda, the third wife of King Bolesław Chrobry, is presented in the work of Józef Ignacy Kraszewski as a woman who manifests in an exemplary fashion a set of character traits that are summed up by the expression “women’s virtues.” This article shows how the heroine of the novel implements this specific system of values. This takes place not only through her personal deeds, but is also highlighted thanks to the counter model of Chrobry’s next wife, Oda Meissen. In Kraszewski’s approach, an interesting national context related to “women’s virtues” emerges. This pattern, based on Catholic values, is used by the writer to idealize the image of the Polish nation and its past, and, at the same time, to diminish the German nation, to show it as morally inferior. This is an obvious commentary on the attempts at Germanization then being undertaken by the Prussian government. The concept of medievalism is used in the article, as the action of the novel takes place in the medieval era. This period has been referred to many times in similar types of narratives, because this era was considered the period of the creation of the Polish nation. It also underlines the alleged eternity of the Polish German or Slavic Germanic conflict. In addition, the construction of Emnilda’s character is inspired by the thirteenth century lives of the holy princesses of the Piast dynasty

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Otpuhana prašina s hrvatskoga ZF romana za mlade čitatelje

Author(s): Berislav Majhut / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2023

On 4 October 1957, the USSR launched the rst arti cial satellite, Sputnik 1, and less than a month later, on 3 November 1957, it also sent into space the rst living being, the dog Laika, aboard Sputnik 2. ese events not only served as irrefutable proof that humanity had truly mastered the power of nature and embarked on the conquest of space but also showcased that a communist country had taken the lead in this endeavour. It somehow demonstrated that socialism was the most advanced social system, capable of producing machines that represented the pinnacle of technological achievement. Today, as a civilisation, we have learned to be much humbler and far less enthusiastic about our own power, so the idea of a tiny leap into the vastness of space being seen as a “conquest” can only elicit a wry smile. However, at the time, the wonders of space technology were closely followed in the Second Yugoslavia. News about space made headlines in newspapers, and children

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The Golden Age of Russian Avant-Garde Picturebook

Author(s): Jasmina Vojvodić / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

Review of: Sara Pankenier Weld. 2018. An Ecology of the Russian Avant-Garde Picturebook. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 236 pp. ISBN 978-90-272-0018-1.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Picturebooks

Author(s): Željka Flegar / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

Review of: Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer, ed. 2018. The Routledge Companion to Picturebooks. London and New York: Routledge. 525 pp. ISBN: 978-1-138-85318-8.

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Cenzura u hrvatskoj dječjoj književnosti 1945. – 1950.

Author(s): Berislav Majhut / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2023

Five years a er the end of World War II, Branko Ćopić, in his article “Our Children’s Literature”, re ects on the preceding period of Yugoslav literary production for children from 1945 to 1950. Assessing the situation in Croatia, he writes (1950: 23): In Croatia, young writers show very little activity in the eld of children’s literature, even though they have a well-trodden path, especially in prose, in the works of Nazor, Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Mate Lovrak, Pavičić, and others. Among younger authors, only Danko Oblak shows somewhat increased activity, while older writers for children, such as Mato Lovrak, Josip Pavičić, Sonja Sever, and others, remain both the most widely read and the most active authors. What could be the reasons for “very little activity in the eld of children’s literature” in Croatia between 1945 and 1950? Apart from the obvious reasons, such as many children’s writers not surviving the war or its a ermath (the Bleiburg repatriations, the Way of the Cross marches, purges and persecution a er the war), or emigrating, part of the answer may lie in the fact that a signi cant number of children’s writers and professionals in the eld of children’s literature (translators, editors) were expelled from public life, depriving them of the right to publish.

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Ksenofoobsed hoiakud Euripidese “Medeias” ja nende vahendamine Baltimaade Medeiaretseptsioonis

Author(s): Līva Bodniece,Jovita Dikmonienė,Maria-Kristiina Lotman / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 20/2023

The article examines the xenophobic attitudes voiced in one of Euripides' most famous tragedies “Medea”, revealing mainly through lexical analysis how fear or anger towards the “other” perceived as foreign, unknown or even dangerous is expressed both in Euripides's original play and its translations and interpretations. In order to study the mediation of xenophobic ideas in the Baltic reception of Euripides' “Medea”, we selected those Medea-themed plays conveyed into the Baltic national languages in the genre of tragedy, and which have either already been staged or are suitable for the stage in their form. The analyzed material includes the tragedies of Euripides, Seneca, Franz Grillparzer, Jean Anouilh, Christa Wolf and Lyudmila Razumovskaya. The research part of the article is divided into three chapters devoted to different versions of “Medea” in Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian. Research results show that in Medea tragedies in the Baltic cultural space, Euripides' ideological construction is almost never fully recreated: shifts in meaning occur both through lexical substitutions and as a result of omissions. However, the reasons for the changes are very different: behind them may be the need to make the piece more audience-friendly, to adapt the content to quantitative versification, and to fit the original theme into a modern context. The agency of these changes is different as well: transformations are made by interpreters, translators, editors and/or theater-makers.

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Контуры одной традиции: «Ариец», «семит» и природа (Вокруг полемики Александра Блока и Акима Волынского об иудаизме Гейне)

Author(s): Arkady Bliumbaum / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

At the end of 1919, literary critic Akim Volynsky and poet Alexander Blok exchanged polemical remarks about Heinrich Heine’s attitude towards Judaism. In the course of this debate, one strange thesis arose, expressed by Volynsky and fully supported by Blok: the Jews, compared to the Aryans (they were talking about both religious and racial differences), turn out to be in their worldview indifferent to nature. An attempt to find the genesis of, and to comment on, this idea, strange for today, expressed by a prominent Russian literary critic and outstanding poet, leads the researcher to Hegel’s philosophy of history, its articulations by some of his readers and listeners (including Heine himself), the history of French thought of the 19th century, in particular to the philosophy of religion of Edgar Quinet and the history of Semitic languages written by Ernest Renan, as well as numerous echoеs of the deliberations of Renan (who canonized for European culture the idea of the indifference of Jews to nature) in the history of Russian modernism (Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Vasily Rozanov). The outlines of this now almost forgotten intellectual tradition, without which it is impossible to understand some texts in Russian modernism, are the subject of this article.

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Из материалов для комментария к «Капитанской дочке» (26–42)

Author(s): Alexander Ospovat / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

The following notes highlight some of the structural patterns and textual fragments of Alexander Pushkin’s Captain’s Daughter overlooked by previous scholarship. Thus, I address the narrative strategy of shifting a character’s attributes so that the character’s initial connotations are seamlessly transformed into their opposites. This corresponds to the novel’s overall narrative principle of relativizing the seemingly obvious and stable. Additionally, I explore some of the narrative formulas specific to the historical novel, and comment on some of the historical information on the everyday life and social realities of 18th-century Russia contained in The Captain’s Daughter (the various forms of currency used by the different classes; Pugachev’s military equipment, etc.).

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«Мачеха российских городов»: Берлин 1920-х годов глазами русских писателей

Author(s): Alexander Dolinin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

The article examines images of Weimar Berlin in Russian literature of the 1920s. In contrast to the glamorization of Berlin as the center of modernity in art, technology, mass entertainment and sexual practices in the writings of German and West European authors of the period, most Russian writers echoed Spengler’s critique of Western civilization and portrayed the city in a negative light underlining its boredom, ugliness, and the lack of vitality. For them, Berlin was like a huge transfer station that they were eager to leave as soon as possible. A smaller group of Russian émigrés that stayed in Berlin for a long time tried to ignore the hostile outside world and absorb themselves in their Russian memories and cultural milieu. The only exception to these trends was the Berlin of Vladimir Nabokov, who managed to turn the foreign city into the main source and object of his Russian-language short stories and novels.

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Фрагмент из рыцарского романа «Парциваль» Вольфрама фон Эшенбаха в переводе Эллиса (Льва Кобылинского)

Author(s): Fedor Poljakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

This is the first publication of a previously unknown translation of over 200 lines from Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach, which survived in Ellis’ (Lev Kobylinsky) anthology Pevtsy Germanii (Singers of Germany). Ellis started to compile this anthology with the purpose of demonstrating the incompatibility of genuine German cultural and religious traditions with the ideology of the Third Reich. His selection of texts for the translation was largely prompted by his previous studies, which included Richard Wagner and Wagner’s sources, esoteric interpretations of the image of the Holy Grail, and the reception of monuments of the Western European Middle Ages.

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Заславский vs Аткинсон: Из истории холодной войны

Author(s): Galina Lapina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

The article discusses the confrontation of two reporters—Brooks Atkinson, a Moscow correspondent of The New York Times, and David Zaslavsky of Pravda in 1946. Having spent 10 months in Moscow, Brooks Atkinson perceived the signs of rising xenophobia and anti-Western sentiment in the USSR and wrote a series of articles truthfully portraying the situation behind the Iron Curtain. In response to his assertion that the Soviet people were denied freedom of speech and freedom of the press, Zaslavsky lashed out at the American reporter, blaming not only him, but Western journalism as such of being politically motivated. The vicious attack against the American journalist marked the beginning of the anti-Western campaign initiated by Soviet propaganda in the early period of the Cold War.

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Povilo Frydricho Ruigio gramatika Anfangsgründe einer Littauischen Grammatick, 1747. Ona Aleknavičienė, Grasilda Blažienė, Povilas Frydrichas Ruigys

Author(s): Inga Strungytė-Liugienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 25/2023

Review of: Povilo Frydricho Ruigio gramatika Anfangsgründe einer Littauischen Grammatick, 1747, parengė Ona Aleknavičienė ir Grasilda Blažienė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2020, 564 p. ISBN 978-609-411-264-5.; Ona Aleknavičienė, Grasilda Blažienė, Povilas Frydrichas Ruigys Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2020, 414 p. ISBN 978-609-411-265-2.

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To Tell in Order to Forget: Nadiya Surovtsovaʼs Memoirs of the Repressions of 1927–1953

Author(s): Snizhana Zhygun / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article deals with the role of autobiographical writings of women intellectuals and their depiction of the post-war transitions, and focuses on the conflict between the object and the technique of narration in a narrative of unresolved trauma. The study is based on the memoirs of Ukrainian journalist and scholar Nadiya Surovtsova about her unjustified arrest and 27-year stay in prisons, camps and exile. The peculiarity of these memoirs is that they were written in the USSR, when the author was under the supervision of repressive authorities. Writing memoirs was supposed to help Surovtsova forget the Gulag’s experience and create a less traumatic version of her past, for herself and for the ideological society that refused to discuss the crimes of the authorities. The circumstances of the constant threat of new repressions prevented the creation of a logical and consecutive narrative. That is why the narration is characterized by fragmentation, internal contradictions, omissions, metaphors, and euphemisms. The article considers how the themes of 1) a falsely accused communist and 2) womenʼs experience are developing and conflicting in the second part of her memoirs (titled “On the Other Side”). The general strategy of Surovtsovaʼs writing is silencing the most annoying moments. Omitting crimes and brutality, Surovtsova was trying to forget them and write a better story of her past. In the last part of the memoirs, she rejects euphemisms and omissions, regains the ability to talk about authentic experiences and testifies not only about prison crimes but also about the theft of her life and opportunity of self-realisation. The case of Nadiya Surovtsova’s Memoirs demonstrates how the ideological pressure and patriarchal prejudices about what is worth telling from a womanʼs life caused the traumatic physical and emotional experiences to be a realm of the unspoken and how it needs to be read, decoding the story from contradictions and omissions.

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Beyond Taboo and Stigma: Domestic Violence in 20th Century Rural Hungary and Transylvania

Author(s): Fanni Svégel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The study underscores the conversions in violence concepts textualized in eight Hungarian-speaking peasant women’s life narratives. By addressing the central questions of violence against peasant women, the examination provides a path toward including the rural as a geographic and socio-cultural dimension in the studies of women’s writing. In this corpus of marginalized counter-histories, two main types of abuse were scrutinised: sexual and physical violence against wives. Breaking with the social and community norms, these rural women textualized and publicized their stories of abuse and moved beyond the stigmatizing efforts of patriarchal society. I examine these accounts of violence as coping strategies that transform former victims into actors. Based on the concepts of resilience and agency, I attempt to disentangle the stories of women who have experienced domestic violence from the framework of indescribability and shame by suggesting a possible approach beyond taboo and stigma.

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Tattooed Souls: The Vocabulary of Sexuality and Trauma in Women’s Memoirs on Romanian Communist Prison Experience

Author(s): Andrada Fătu-Tutoveanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Departing from extended previous research on Romanian women’s Life Writing covering the Cold War and Romanian Communist dictatorship, the paper focuses on trauma and sexual intimidation within the context of political investigations and interrogatories described by female victims in their memoirs. The paper focuses on the manner in which trauma and more precisely sexual trauma is approached by these authors, with a special interest for their vocabulary options. The article discusses the perspective of Life Writing as documenting trauma for the generations to come but also as a discourse with a therapeutic function. Regarding sexual violence, language violence (verbal rape) and intimidation are mentioned by all the authors. In contrast to the violence of language suggested by the authors, these women authors, socialized in the interwar period, in the bourgeois environment, show a reluctance to talk about the body and sexual violence. Therefore, I am largely interested in the oblivions, gaps, omissions, silences but, at the same time, in the mechanisms through which the silenced and previously unheard voices of women, traditionally perceived as a “secondary people” or nation (Morar-Vulcu 2007), become more prominent in the last decade.

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Passe douloureux et présent apaisé ? Des récits de vie de femmes allemandes et polonaises en Silésie dans le documentaire Aber das Leben geht weiter [Mais la vie continue]

Author(s): Brigitte Rigaux-Pirastru / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

Two elderly German women return with their daughter and niece to their former family home in Silesia (Poland), only to find the current Polish home owner along with her descendants. This is how the German film director Karin Kasper documents her own family history together with that of the Polish family installed in their farmhouse after the Second World War, in her movie Aber das Leben geht weiter [But Life Goes On], produced in 2010. I aim to analyze the representation of this exclusively feminine intergenerational and international encounter. Fueled mainly by the narratives of elderly people, but also by photographs and videos taken from the respective family archives, and, of course, by several recordings of the participants themselves as well as the house and the village where these reunions take place, this documentary’s objective is to preserve and share the memories of the older generation. Such memories stir up very painful facets of the history of the 20th century in Eastern Europe: Second World War, persecutions and forced displacements of Polish ethnics by Germans and Soviets, flight and expulsion of the Germans, etc. Which light do these exclusively feminine micro-histories shed on the historical facts? How are the traumatic experiences expressed even decades afterwards? Could it really be a question of resilience? What emotions arise from what is said, but also from silences and postures? What heritage of memory and post-memory has been transmitted to the next generations? More broadly, can this “film testimony” contribute to the German-Polish reconciliation? Such are the main questions to which I wish to respond.

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Maszkos költészet, Villoni balladahagyomány és baloldaliság a harmincas évek közép-európai költészetében

Author(s): Pál Száz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

The study deals with poetry collections, two Hungarian, one Czech and one Croatian, which were written in the second half of the thirties of the 20th century. The considered collections of György Faludy, János Erdődy, Vítězslav Nezval and Miroslav Krleža pose the problem of authorship, represent masked poetry, construct other people’s roles (Villon, Petrica Kerempuh) and use a pseudonym (Robert David). The aforementioned four collections are also interesting from the point of view of the Central European reception of Villon and the genre tradition of the French ballad with which they are directly or indirectly connected. From the point of view of left-wing political poetry, the collections can also be considered top productions. In the case of researching the relationship between the authors and their masks, it is inevitable to analyze the poetic appearance of apostrophes and the phenomenalization of poetic voices.

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Hrabalův pan Armagedon: skutečný příběh nymburského kolportéra Františka Vašíčka

Author(s): Zdeněk Bauer / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2024

The article discusses the life of František Vašíček, a butcher and distributor of religious literature in Nymburk during the Nazi occupation. Vašíček, who was inspired by the biblical promise of Armageddon, became a fervent evangelist and was eventually arrested by the Gestapo for his religious activities. The article explores how Bohumil Hrabal, a renowned Czech writer, drew inspiration from Vašíček for characters in his works, particularly in "Městečko, kde se zastavil čas" and "Krasosmutnění." It highlights the challenges faced by Nymburk's residents during the occupation, including the deportation of Jews and the activities of the resistance. The narrative also delves into Hrabal's personal connection to Nymburk and his family's interactions with Vašíček. The article underscores the blend of real events and literary imagination in Hrabal's writings, providing a nuanced portrayal of historical events through a personal lens.

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Португалия в русской поэзии XVIII–XХ веков

Author(s): Polina Poberezkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2023

The article, which is the result of work on the self-titled anthology, examines one of the least studied areas of Russian poetic geography. The author explores the path from indirect reception through other European literatures to original lyrical travelogues and compares the image of Portugal in Soviet and émigré poetry. The main Portuguese loci and heroes of Russian poems, such as Lisbon, the Azores, L. de Camões, V. da Gama, F. Magellan, are analyzed.

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