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According to fragmentarily preserved archival sources of the peasant working (agricultural) collectivities, this paper brings the overview of their foundation, organization, jobs, human resources and aprovization (guaranteed supply) of the canton of Herceg Novi for the period between 1945 and 1955. Documentation covers the collectivities from Herceg Novi, Kameno, Dragalj, Sutorina, Luštica and Bijela. Their foundation and activities in mentioned time were conducted under the pressure of the authorities, so they have never been accepted receiving a certain resistance. The attempt of collectivization had not brought the positive results, but contrary, produced some negative effects in agriculture.
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According to some just from recently available sources, we could acquire a new data about possessions and family affairs of certain members of Zagurovic family, whose members moved from Bar to Kotor in the first half of XIV century. We have succeeded in filling some gaps regarding family affairs and possessions. This family became well known not only in Kotor, Bar, Serbia and Dubrovnik, but also in Venice where some of its members became famous faces in the cultural scene. About their importance in social-economic sphere of the city’s life, we can judge according to the information that some of them (Nikola, Stefan and Stefan’s ancestors) have owned an enormous land in Grbalj.
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This paper aims to present certain categories of human rights in international law and the modern law of Montenegro in a concise way. The content of this paper will be broken down into sections that are important for understanding human rights issues. The methodology we will employ in this paper is a content analysis of theoretical and experts’ views exposed through the use of domestic and foreign literature, the comparative and historical methods.In the historical period of human rights development it was considered that economic, social and cultural rights should not be separated from civil and political rights, but that all rights should be contained in one document. Thus, the Universal Declaration of Rights contained provisions on both types of rights and later the two pacts were signed: one on civil and political and the other on economic, social and cultural rights. The greatest number of contemporary constitutions guarantees social and economic rights of citizens. Of course, the scope, content and categorization of these rights vary from country to country. Economic and social rights in its general features are not individual rights at all because they belong to different collectivities. Therefore, we define them by entities and their stakeholders. In principle, these rights are enjoyed by each individual belonging to a particular social group.
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The paper presents an analysiis of position and education Montenegrin woman in marriage from the 18th to early 20th century. Marriage in Montenegro was one of the most important moments in life, both for women and for men. On the basis of which created and built a family life, without which there would be no family. Marriage was based on patriarchal grounds, the unequal position of men and women in customary law and family law legislative. Male dominance and female submission is an important feature of marital relations. Personality of women is contained partly in the person of her husband. Household and raising children asked the women to a whole life to be „tied” to the house.
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Female high school education in Montenegro has been under the special Russian tutorship. In the second half of the XIX century, with material and support in human resources from Russia, a Marijinski institut, first high school for education of the female children was opened. Special mark in the work of this high school institution and female education at all, have been left by the Sofia Petrovna Mertvago, Russian pedagogue who had run this school from 1888 until 1913
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Descending from old boyars living in Moldavia from the first half of the fifteenth century, the Ciocârlie family is attested under this name during the reign of Stephen the Great. Some members of this family were Stephen’s advisers, and Ivan Ciocârlie fought and died in the great battle against the Ottomans at Vaslui, in 1475. The descendants of Ivan Ciocârlie and Nicoară, his brother, could be traced throughout the following centuries. They were lesser boyars, many of them literate. During the second half of the seventeenth century and in the first half of the eighteenth century, many of Ciocârlie boyars wrote and signed several documents. In the same period, the family progressively lost its status. The present paper reconstructs the genealogy and the evolution of this boyar family, whose name is that of a bird, Ciocârlie (Lark), revealing its ancient roots.
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Each of Michael the Brave's deeds, accomplished either by sword, by speech or by action, has been known and thoroughly discussed, both in his time, as in the last two and a half centuries of historiography. In this article, I brought some new details regarding Michael's descent in the female line, contributing to the elucidation of Marula's biography, the prince's illegitimate daughter, and to a better knowledge of Florica's life, the prince's legitimate daughter. This article also initiates a discussion on the status of illegitimate children, more precisely on their acknowledgment as a first step in the legitimizing process.
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The first historical writings of the Transylvanian Saxons were incidental notes on the margins of different manuscripts or prints (since the second half of the fifteenth century) which recorded extraordinary events, such as wars (especially Ottoman invasions), natural disasters and celestial phenomena. Since the first half of the sixteenth century, due to the spreading of writing and reading in the Reformation that the Transylvanian Saxon society began recording historical facts and events, which seemed to be out of the daily life, in chronicles. The oldest extant Saxon chronicles of Transylvania had been written in the city of Braşov (Kronstadt), in the period1528-1590. We identified five chronicles from this period containing important information on the history of Transylvania, Moldavia and Walachia in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. The authors of this chronicles are Lucas Grüngrass (city notary of Braşov), Hieronymus Ostermayer (organist in the main church of Braşov), Laurentius Kertius (member of the city counsel of Braşov), Christian Thobiae (preacher and priest in Braşov and in the surrounding Saxon settlements) and an unknwon author of a painted chronicle on the walls of the main church (today the so called Black Church) in Braşov. All of the authors lived in the sixteenth century, contemporary with the historical events mentioned in their chronicles. Unfortunately, the original manuscripts did not survived and we have to reconstitute their texts from late copies, dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, far from being complete, some nothing but scraps of the original chronicles. Nonetheless, based on these copies, we attempt to reconstruct the original sixteenth century chronicle texts and to prepare a critical edition, with a Romanian translation.
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