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Научни форуми
Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in 2019
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Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in 2019
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The object of the present study is an unpublished account from 1632 preserved in the Propaganda Fide Archive in Rome. The source provides a detailed description of three miracles which occurred in Bulgaria, namely in Sofia, Trăn and Nikopol. The document is important because it offers new information which allows us to better understand the complex relations between Christians and Muslims in the Balkan Peninsula. The author of the study considers the Ragusan merchants from Sofia to be the spies who brought this fresh and updated information to the Imperial Court in Vienna. He argues that the unknown author of the account was most likely Ciriaco Rocci, the Apostolic nuncio to the emperor.
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The strategic change of United States’ arrangement, from the fight against terrorism to the competition with China and Russia, leads to their confrontation in several regions of the globe. In this confrontation, the Great Powers rely on the use of proxy, and this fact will alleviate the potential of a direct conflict among them, but the competition will have profound implications for the nations’ stability. A series of states are susceptible to serve as theatres of competition in the energy field, others – as strategic points in the global geography. Conflicts will arise in those countries in which they hadn’t existed before, and will deepen in those countries in which they already exist. In both cases, global instability will increase.
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We are examining the administration of the Greek-Orthodox community in Thessaloniki during the Ottoman period, and its evolution in the 19th century. We are observing self-governance institutions in place since the Byzantine era. Powerful Greek-Orthodox families of Salonica and the Church play an important role in the administration of the Greek-Orthodox community. By the 17th century, changes can be seen in the makeup of the community’s administration as new members from the city’s professional guilds become part of it. This development enhanced the role of secular elements in that administration. By the second half of the 18th century, the creation of a class of merchants in the Greek-Orthodox community helped it gain a leading role in the administration of its affairs. We are also examining, by relying on Ottoman documentary evidence, the districts inhabited by the Greek-Orthodox of Thessaloniki in the first half of the 19th century, and how these developed in the latter part of the century following the city’s new town plan. The changes brought about by the Ottoman authorities in the second half of the 19th century with respect to the administration of the Greek-Orthodox communities under Ottoman rule were significant. Nonetheless, socially and financially powerful groups continued to partake of the administration of the Salonica community. The participation of the Greek Orthodox (powerful financially and socially groups) in regional councils (the so-called vilayet idare meclisi) brought about changes in the relations of the Greek-Orthodox with the local representatives of the Ottoman authorities. By the end of the 19th century, these developments had led to the emergence of new socialities between communities, and new mentalities and behaviors.
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The article discuss the positions taken by the Polish press towards Polish-German and German-Soviet relations in the period directly preceding the outbreak of the war (August 1939). The supplementation of press views is information about the press policy of the authorities and the scale of freedom of political expression. The source basis are the most important political dailies, representing the views of the power camp and opposition groups.
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This paper focuses on the specificity of interactions in a group of mourning created within a community of amateurs in a sociodigital network. it allows to observe that on the creation of a post-mortem digital identity of thedeceased constituting at the discretion of tributes is articulated with emphasis ofmemories, thoughts and affects also participating to the presentation of themselves and the bereaved. The comparison of the main results of analysis of this group with those of 4 other groups without community link, highlights that, in spite of the fame of the deceased, the collective dimension of the identity is more at stake than the individual dimension when the mourning is made within a community. *** Cet article s’intéresse à la spécificité des interactions ayant lieu dans le cadre d’un groupe de deuil créé au sein d’une communauté d’amateurs sur un réseausocionumérique. Il permet d’observer que la création d’une identité numérique postmortemdu défunt se constituant au gré des hommages s’articule avec la mise enavant de souvenirs, pensées et affects participant également de la présentation quefont d’eux-mêmes les endeuillés. La comparaison des principaux résultats d’analysede ce groupe avec ceux de 4 autres groupes sans lien communautaire fait ressortirque, en dépit de la notoriété du défunt, la dimension collective de l’identité est davantage en jeu que la dimension individuelle lorsque le deuil s’effectue au sein d’une communauté.
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Bulgarian Golden Age is, on the one hand, a time of territorial expansion and significant presence on the political map of Europe; on the other hand, it is the period of the first major peaks in Slavic literature, and, probably, in arts and architecture. At its core, the Golden Age is joining the spirituality and mentality of the Byzantine world and adoption of the achievements of its centuries-old philosophical tradition. The Byzantine models in literature were borrowed by using two co-existing principles: copying and adaptation. The former might be observed in most of the works intended for non-liturgical individual or monastic reading, which were translated in full. The latter is found in miscellanies compiled from partial translations and excerpts, or in Old Bulgarian translations that were abridged, edited, or reworked. The article aims at examining the most important examples of such adaptation and its features, pointing out the role of the aristocracy and the ruler himself in guiding these processes.
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The article argues that speculation with the metaphorical use of the term “slavery”, which in recent years took over the Bulgarian public debate on the Ottoman past, is due not only to political and ideological reasons but also to the fact that the Bulgarian historical science does not pay enough attention to the study of the institution of slavery in the Ottoman empire. Very little, in particular, has been done for the research on domestic slavery, which was the most mass form of slavery in the Empire, including its Bulgarian provinces. Several themes are discussed in the text, the illumination of which undermines the popular myth of the total Bulgarian “slavery” during the Ottoman era: 1/ about the ethnic composition of slaves, its dynamics over the centuries and the exceptionally modest place of the Bulgarians among the slaves after the middle of the 15th century; 2/ about the significant difference between the status of slaves in the Ottoman Empire – on the one hand, and its non-Muslim subjects – on the other hand and 3/ about the presence not only of the non-Muslim but also of the Muslim slavery in the Bulgarian lands during the Ottoman centuries, as well as about slavery as an integral part of the history not only of the Ottoman Empire, but also of all southern Christian Europe until the beginning of the 19th century.
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The article aims to present in broad outlines and to make some remarks on the main aspects of the past and above all the present of the historical Bulgarian studies abroad or the study, teaching and popularizing of Bulgarian history abroad. Besides publications on the topic, the author has used the archival fund of the Center for Bulgarian Studies, which is stored in the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, information from websites and his personal observations. The stimulated and controlled upsurge of Bulgarian studies abroad during the period of socialism and its decline in the conditions of democratization is explained primarily by the direct connection between the Bulgarian state policy, on the one hand, and the Bulgarian studies, on the other. The topic of the historical Bulgarian studies abroad poses the question of the boundaries in the research on Bulgarian history. The boundaries imposed between the states by big politics, but also those established by the various professional and personal backgrounds and realizations of the historians, has resulted in a multitude of historical interpretations of the past. Therefore, the question of whether a history “without borders” is possible cannot get a positive answer. The common subjects and topics of research connect historians abroad and those in Bulgaria, and entail the need for their better mutual information and communication. The “external” viewpoints of the past sometimes confirm the “inner” ones, but in other cases they offer important correctives, such as: rethinking of the “closed” national visions of Bulgarian history; its more successful inclusion into the regional and world historical processes; enhancing the links of history with other sciences and the interdisciplinarity of research.
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From the marriage of Zeus with Mnemosyne, the nine classical muses came from. Among them, Urania (the muse of astronomy) and Cleo (the patron of history) were in a peculiar relationship at a time when the inspiration played a fundamental role for the intellectual work which was considered an art. The very name of Cleo (the “Glorious”) points to one of the concepts for the mission of history to tell about bygone events and to celebrate someone’s deeds. This makes it a subjective occupation, the results of which depend on the skills of the narrator and his attitude toward the target object, which is why issues, events and personalities receive conflicting assessments. The acts of Cleo and Urania in antiquity were often mixed up, and this creates confusion in clarifying the relationships of individual characters. But the interaction between the two sisters gave birth to the fruit of a knowledge combining the scent of the universal infinity with poetry united in the essence of history. The very name (from the Greek ἱστορία – study, knowledge acquired through research) shows that the main task of a historian in his work is to study and verify the information, and only then comes the narrative, dressed in an appropriate form. Sources are of a various nature, so the individual disciplines involved with their analysis are also numerous. Thus, from the embrace of Urania with Cleo, the fundamental disciplines of history were born without which it could not claim to be a science. 1681 is considered to be the birth date of the auxiliary sciences of history. In this year Jean Mabillion’s profound work set the beginning of scientific diplomatics and palaeography. Subsequently, other works on the two disciplines were published; genealogy, heraldry, sigillography and historical chronology began to establish themselves as separate scientific and practical fields; over time a number of other specific areas in the study of source material occurred which gave rise to new and new special historical sciences. Then the nineteenth century came, which is perhaps the “classical century” of history, when having mastered the critical approach to the past and its sources, seekers of retrospective knowledge attempted to establish the norms in the historical process, and positivism was about to glorify history as a relatively objective science. However, the disappointment in the results, reinforced by the stress accompanying the ruination during the two world wars, contributed to the staggering at the other extreme and overestimation of the subjective moment in the past. Today historical science, as we have known it until recently, still attracts the attention of the general public, but has long since ceased to be a “fortress of high knowledge”. The walls are dilapidated, the princess is abducted, the treasure of the shattered vault is dragged in an unknown direction and laity barbarians are wandering along the narrow labyrinths of the castle, announcing their own “truth” about past times. History has ceded more and more of its territories to science disciplines “sprouted” from it, satisfying itself with the role of a “side dish” and “appetizer” to the main dishes of politology, sociology, culturology, ethnology, anthropology. Still the hope remains that Foucault’s pendulum may swing back and the combination of the “subjectivist” experience with that of the verifiable “exact” sciences may produce a new vision of history not only as a fundamental interpretative science but also as an applicable in practice (experimental) science. The article undertakes a brief attempt to trace the development and critical reflection of the studies of sources in Bulgaria focusing on the achievements of The Auxiliary Historical Disciplines Department at the Unified Centre of History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the successor of which is today’s Department of Auxiliary Historical Sciences and Informatics. The author expresses concern about the tendency of uncontrolled “swarming” of the science, the result of narrow specialization, but he also conveys optimism about the achievement of various qualitatively new forms of collaboration between history and “exact sciences” with the help of digital humanities.
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The text problematizes the interpretations of contemporary history in the context of the world historiography as well as Bulgarian historiography. Special attention is paid to the conception of contemporary history during socialist times in Bulgaria. Back then contemporary history was associated with the Bulgarian Communist Party coming in power and ruling. Most historians examined the early period of socialist epoque during 1944–1948 and until 1958 as to avoid the obligatory glorification of the BCP and its government. Those who studied the period after 1958 were the party historians in the university ideological departments and in the Institute of BCP history. After the collapse of state socialism contemporary history included the whole socialist period. It was examined by state institutions and NGO on the rich archives base and from the point of view of liberal democracy. Now historians tend to avoid studying the transition period 1989–2007 because of the lacking temporary distance and accessible archives. It became the object of political science, sociology, economy and anthropology. A huge amount of such literature was accumulated from 1989 until 2017 and was classified in Catalog of the Literature of the Bulgarian Transition (1989–2007) that can be found in the site of the Institute for Historical Studies. The text analyses 1281 pieces of work of this Catalog thus arguing that history of the transition obtains a solid base to become already the object of the historical science.
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The article is devoted to an Old Testament apocrypha – the Testament of Abraham – and its presence, its importance and its functions in the convoy of a predominantly legal and polemical antiheretical collection compiled in the Principality of Moldova in the 16th century (BAR, Ms. Sl. 636). The first part of the article presents a deuterocanonical text, its variants, its history and the language in which it was created, and the environment in which it arose. Particular attention is paid to the translations of THE TESTAMENT OF ABRAHAM. Of course, the emphasis is on the Slavonic-language tradition of the text as well as on its convoy in the manuscripts through which we know it. Finally, the original Slavic text is published, with an interpretation of the individual chapters in relation to the Greek prototype of the work.
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At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Kronstadt Diving School of the Naval Department became one of the centers of diving operations in the world. Officers of the Bulgarian Navy were also trained there. Information about their training at school is reported in the Fund 417 records of the Russian State Navy Archive.
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Over the last few years a conservative wave has been unfolding in Bulgarian media. It affects many aspects of content and attacks primarily liberal and left-wing point of views. The text analyses the topless pictures on Page 3 of the largest Bulgarian daily Telegraph as part of this conservative turnover. The pictures claim to be innocent erotica, but the analysis reveals that they are part of a widely spread sexism of the newspaper. The ideological effects of such form of representation of women are traced. The conservative approach seeks to win the women's consent to their pre-assigned roles in society.
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Организовањем научних скупова новембра 2000. и децембра 2001. године, те објављивањем зборника радова са ових скупова' Филозофски факултет у Бањој Луци започео је веома значајан пројекат прео бражаја научног живота у Републици Српској и Босни и Херцеговини. Политички односи посљедње деценије 20. вијека свакако нису ишли наруку научним стријемљењима на цијелом простору бивше СФРЈ, a чини се да је територија Босне и Херцеговине нарочита погођена ратним дешавањима и да најтеже санира њихове посљедице. Самим тим треба поздравити одлуку руководства бањалучког Филозофског факултета да сваке године организује научне скупове о темама које би биле довољно свеобухватне да у њих буду укључене све друштвене науке без обзира на своју различитост.
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