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Rozwój metod opracowania polskich zbiorów rękopiśmiennych w świetle katalogów drukowanych
The article analyses 91 manuscript catalogues of major scientific polish libraries that contain over 15000 manuscripts
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The article analyses 91 manuscript catalogues of major scientific polish libraries that contain over 15000 manuscripts
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This paper presents the origins, activities and results of the work of seven Polish Warehousing Centres for Protected Book Collections
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The publication covers the following topics: Circumstances of regime change and ideological upheaval in Poland (1945-1951), importance of librarianship in the policy of the communist regime’s propaganda, responsibility of the Central Board Libraries for errors and distortions” in the environment of librarians (1952-1953), social effects of central supervision of the functioning of libraries and stopping of the stalinization in polish libraries (1956).
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The aim of the paper is to show “Myśl Narodowa” (1921-1939) as a source that can be used to research the culture of the book in the first half of the twentieth century
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“Dziennik Łódzki” from the postwar period is for the present-day researchers valuable source of information. apart from the news from Poland and the World, this paper contained a lot of information about science and cultural life of Lodz. repertoire and art review, radio programs, concert information, films, performances and museum exhibitions, invitations for readings, science meetings, articles about developments and works of science environment in Lodz are only a small part of news printed in “Dziennik Łódzki” but depicting the cultural and scientific life of Lodz in the years 1945-1953.
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Józef Grycz, one of the most eminent librarians, significantly contributed to organizing libraries. In 1928-1930 he managed the Kórnik Library. Later he worked in the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, and was responsible for establishing the National Library. A proposal for organizing a network of public libraries, elaborated by Grycz, was brought to a parliamentary commission in 1934, yet it was implemented only during the times of the People’s Republic of Poland. Most notably,in the times of the Second Republic Grycz developed unified rules for alphabetical catalogues which he then introduced throughout Poland. During the Nazi occupation he was the manager of the National Library, transformed into the Second Branch of Staatsbibliothek Warschau. Approved at this position by Polish underground resistance movement, he provided illicit access to and protected the library holdings. The course book entitled Bibliotekarstwo praktyczne w zarysie (1945) written by Grycz provided foundations for the process of restoring Polish libraries.
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200 years of history of the Ossolinski National Institut (founded in 1817) is also extremely interesting stories of his many employees, including prominent librarians and researchers. Performed in the article detailed review of current literature on the staff of the Institut shaw that there is no current studies on even the most eminent people,including the founder of the Institute, count Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński. The author points out, at the same time, the most urgent needs for biographical studies on the staff of the Ossolinski National Institut.
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This study attempts to assess which areas of cultural life, associated with books had the biggest impact amongst the Jews of Łódź.
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The author presents, in five points, the scientific and professional profiles of librarians, directors of Poznań University Library, related not only to Poznań environment: E. Kuntze, A. Birkenmajer, S. Vrtel-Wierczyński. In the article it is shown their role in the creation of modern librarianship in Poland in XX century.
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The author discusses foreign reference books devoted bookbinders. Researches where were published biographical articles devoted to Polish bookbinders, both in bibliological publications and general. Presents own research, which is collected in the form of files. The author reports proposal of publication of the collected material in electronic form.
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Józef Piłsudski was often described in women’s diaries. He was greatly appreciated as a politician, admired as a men and even feared of as a terrorist and socialist. Women’s attitudes towards Piłsudski were determined by few factors. Knowledge about Piłsudski’s life and activity was taken from opinions formulated in journals, from his public appearances and in some cases from personal contacts. Women who supported his political course had of course very positive evaluation of Piłsudski. But one can find also critical views of this outstanding politician. In particular, women who belonged to oppositional, conservative circles were very critical. This paper is based mainly on diaries written before Poland became independent. Some like Wierna służba. Wspomnienia uczestniczek walk o niepodległość 1910–1915 (Warszawa 1927); Służba ojczyźnie. Wspomnienia uczestniczek walk o niepodległość 1915–1918 (Warszawa 1929) were written by Piłsudski’s collaborators. Their view is contrasted with diaries of M. Lubomirska who represented very critical assessment of Piłsudski.
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The model of man in the Krasińskis branch of Opinogóra was shaped by two people: Adam Stanisław Krasiński (1714–1800) bishop of Kamieniec and general Wincenty Krasiński (1792–1858). In 1790, when his father passed away, Wincenty Krasiński was only eight years old. At that time, the bishop of Kamieniec Adam Stanisław Krasiński took over the care of the boy. Now wonder, it was Adam Stanisław who formed the idea of man in the young Wincenty. Adam Stanisław Krasiński, himself a bishop, did not show great religious devotion and his relationships with women could cause scandal, to say the least, especially those with Genowefa Brzostowska and Urszula Dembińska. As father but also head of the family, Wincenty Krasiński represented the models instilled in him by Adam Stanisław Krasiński. Like the bishop of Kamieniec, he was certain about his infallibility. His violent nature, not tamed in the childhood, burst out in Wincenty’s adulthood with impetus. Not only his character, at least to some extent, was formed by the bishop of Kamieniec. As a father, Wincenty drew on the model instilled in him by Adam Stanisław.
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We make a lasting friendship with people who have a character similar to ours. Our friend does not have to have life experiences similar to ours. This also applies to male friendship, the diversity of which is confirmed by the correspondence maintained by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski with two representatives of the bohemia in Warsaw. Analysis of letters J.I. Kraszewski and A. Wilkoński allow us to state that they were true friends who were in some way inseparable and able to count on each other in every situation. This is confirmed by their mutual kindness, open sympathy and constant contacts maintained by the humorist with the Kraszewski family. Similar origins and convergent experiences of the 1930s could also have influenced their friendship. However, when we compare their familiarity with the writer’s contacts with T. Lenartowicz, it will turn out that a real male friendship can appear between two people coming from completely different backgrounds and having different experiences from adult life. Their example also leads to the statement that initially male friendship may take the form of father-son relationship or student-master. It seems that the example of both artists can be seen as proof of the existence of not only a lasting and strong male friendship, but of any real friendship.
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The Philomath Society, which was set up on the 1st of October 1817 in Vilnius, is a great example of friendship. The amity became a main motive of society’s birth and a main rule of its functioning. There were two aspects of friendship – a value and the relationships between Philomaths. The Society members idealised friendship and credited it with worthy qualities. Moreover, the companionship was treated as a virtue and was contrasted the selfishness, hated by Philomaths. The Philomaths’ friendship evolved because of their departures as well as the characterological changes. They befriended as the young students but with time they became the men who started their adult life. That is why the relations were not free of conflicts or misunderstandings. However, their interactions influenced and determined their fates strongly. In some cases the friendship survived till the end of Philomaths’ lives.
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Stanislaw Jan Czarnowski was a lawyer by education, a journalist and a publisher by profession and a great enthusiast for archaeology, the best-known as a cave researcher of Ojców Valley. He was born in 1845 in an educated family who had landowning roots. He learnt in the Private Herman Hiller School, in Practice Academy and in Classical Middle School in Kielce. The culmination of his education was studies in Warsaw Main School. Czarnowski’s Memoirs include some details applying to his school and student life, besides sociable and cultural life in 19th century Kielce and Warsaw. Upbringing and Stanislaw’s consecutive periods of education were typical for a boy from 19th century educated family and were seldom the same like Memoirs from 18 landowners’ sons education. th19, th20, Centuries by Stanislaw Jan Czarnowski are valuable source of broadening knowledge about a 19th century Polish family model, Memoirs about educational methods and an education system, which were in the Kingdom of Poland. also present Czarnowski’s youthful years which were the beginning of his interests of literature, nature science, sightseeing and archaeology that he developed in his adult life.
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Aleksander Maciesza was the son of Siberian exiles. At present, he is counted among the most outstanding figures of Płock in the 20th century. He was a doctor by profession, but his knowledge and interests went beyond the learned medical view. Aleksander Maciesza was not only a well-known doctor, an outstanding ophthalmologist, a lover of science and anthropology, but also a social activist, local government activist, anthropologist, archeologist, photographer, but most of all he was a man of great passion for exploration. He was remembered, by the inhabitants of Płock, as a long-term president of the Płock Scientific Society, the mayor of Płock and the president of Płock in the beginning of the Second Polish Republic. His contributions to science and the city of Płock and its residents make him an extraordinary doctor, but above all an extraordinary man.
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The protagonist of the article is a man, a Pole born in Vilnius a few months before the outbreak of the November Uprising, who managed to realize the dream of a career in the capital of the tsars. He found there not only a good job, but also a life companion with whom he raised a family. Artur Doliński – he came to Petersburg at the age of 24 and left it as a 53-year-old pensioner. The city was a place where he matured, where he became independent, where his vision of the world was strengthening, where he pursued his passions. We learn about his private life on the Neva primarily from correspondence with his family – father, mother, half-siblings and friends
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The article on the basis of fictional literature shows the life of a student-Pole during his studies at the Polytechnic in Kiev in the early twentieth century. The intellectual interests of the young man and the ways of their implementation are shown. An important place in the student’s life was then love affairs. He and his fellow adventurers were shown in this field.
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The man’s situation has changed little over the centuries. He did not have to emancipate himself. In the nineteenth century, the Polish traditional model of the patriarchal family was in force, in which the man, as a pater familias, decided on all important matters concerning family members. The dominant position of a man in a marriage was largely sanctioned by tradition, which was also reflected in the guidebook literature for women. The man’s destiny was to become husband and father. His role in society was additionally strengthened by the begetting of offspring, which was emphasized by religion. In the light of Christian faith, fatherhood was a gift and a vocation. The basic duties of the man, mainly, were work aimed at keeping the family. It was he who satisfied all the needs of those closest to him. He made all the important decisions himself. He also represented the family outside. The most important thing for a man was gaining success in life, while the most desirable value for women was marry. Only in this way could the woman gain respect and position in society. Guidebook literature in the nineteenth century also favored these patterns and stood for the integrity of the family and the privileged position of the man. In her pages there were often advice adhering to the traditional values of the family, where marriage was considered the beginning of a new social cell whose primary function was procreation and then raising children. In the nineteenth century, it was widely believed that the destiny of every woman is to be a wife and a mother, therefore personal patterns intended for women primarily took into account those values that made it easier to get and keep a husband.
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The article discusses the motives and causes of the phenomenon of “unmarried men”, which were included in popular humorous texts from the second half of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. During the discussed period there were some significant social transformations. One of the manifestations of these changes was the increasing number of men who were living alone. In the context of nineteenth-century norms of morals, this situation aroused social concern. Lack of acceptance and stigmatization of people who were living alone, that was expressed in the epithets of the “confirmed bachelor”, as well as the “old maid” and in the widespread stereotypes, rose the question: why do not the bachelors marry? The aim of the article is to examine the arguments appearing in selected sources in the context of the following questions: Was this situation a result of a bad fate or rather a choice? If the reason was hidden in external – social and moral factors and what role economic reasons played in this situation?
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