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I have found new records in the local archives to reconstruct the evolution of a Szekler private property to becoming an intermediate space at the end of the 19th century. This is the Sólyomtár Mountains, whose troubled history reflected the life of its Szekler inhabitants. In 1886, there was a borderline revision between Austria-Hungary and Romania to solve the former conflicts regarding the ownership of the nearby mountains. The commission decided that Sólyomtár [in Romanian: Solintaru] should belong to Romania. This decision led to a new legal and economic conflict between the neighbours. The mountain has become an intermedial space as it formerly belonged to the so-called Szekler Private Properties and not directly to the Hungarian state. The Hungarian leaders confirmed that it still should belong to the Szekler Private Properties. In the vision of the Romanian leaders, it had to belong to Romania. The clarification of this situation was becoming more important for the local leaders of Csík County for it caused an international diplomatic incident, too. They decided to pledge the cattle of Romanian farmers who refused to pay rent for the pasture. This incident finally elucidated the chaotic situation, and so the intermediate space disappeared.
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Scientific prose means giving voice to silent national history with modern texts, based on reviewed and rethought history. Our reviewed historiography is framed by an attempt at synthetizing a problem centred on chronological historical narrative. History and narrative are no more, but at the same time not less, than science, fiction, and art. Regarding the history of Hungary during the Second World War, it is of outstanding importance that national history should be interpreted in an international context, creating a series of complex and high-quality historical works with many aspects.We should eliminate the empty, unilateral, and harmful method of post-Marxism and give space to understanding and understandable historiography written from a national perspective. The task of the Hungarian historian regarding the Horthy era and the Hungarian national history in the Second World War is to be the advocate and not the prosecutor. The historical figures of Miklós Horthy, Pál Teleki, László Bárdossy, and Miklós Kállay should be given their rightful place in history; the hidden correspondence between historical figures and the era they lived in should be identified. It is also necessary to harmonize facts and subjective heroism. We suggest that a new historical philosophy should be outlined, whose main aim is to restore the whole Hungarian nation’s self-esteem.Pathos and irony are the emotions evoked by these texts, related with objectivity, prioritizing correct decision-making. There is a new trend today: the days of research solely based on unexplored sources are gone by; bibliographies should also be considered as scientific sources.
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Обилие доступных материалов по истории Крымского ханства позволяют нам пересмотреть некоторые сложившиеся стереотипы. К примеру, мы считаем необходимым уточнить общепринятые на данный момент представления о Мухаммеде Гирае IV как о правителе. В предлагаемой статье мы приводим некоторые сведения из его биографии, сопровождая их необходимыми, с нашей точки зрения, комментариями.
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Person and work of Atanas Iliev are subject to various historical research on the development of education and textbook literature in Stara Zagora at the end of the nineteenth century. His contributions as a researcher’s past Stara Zagora and initiated the creation of a local museum remains underrated.. The purpose of this notice is to outline research interests related to the history of his native town on the basis of a series of publications “From the history of the city of Stara Zagora“, printed on the pages of the newspaper “St.- Zagorskiy glas“ (1912).
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This study explores the manifestation of Yugonostalgia among people of Bitola, Macedonia. Over two decades after Yugoslavia broke up, a feeling of nostalgia towards the former nation has surfaced. In the countries that emerged out of socialist Yugoslavia, it is called “Yugonostalgia” and is a very wide spread cultural phenomenon in all age groups. Has the dramatic transition into a post-socialist country fostered Yugonostalgic feelings among these people? If not, what in perceptions of citizens their country today is better than Yugoslavia? What in the memories about Yugoslavia is better than nowadays experiences? If so, what are these people nostalgic for? What about Yugoslavia seems so much better than present-day Macedonia? Which are the real personal memories and which of them have become part of the collective myth about the past that people present like their own narratives? The study is based on fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2015 in the city of Bitola, Republic of Macedonia, and some nearby villages. Multiple ethnological and historical methods are used, including: method of oral history, participant observation, method of life story, semi-structured interviews, photo and video documentation, archive materials gathered in the museums around the city.
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The paper deals with economic thought of almost forgotten Christian conservatives after the World War Two. Despite the all-embracing socialist ideas, these people were proposing non-socialistic post-war order based on private property, free enterprise and competition. Their proposals were in the sharp contrast to the leading idea of “socializing” or “economic” democracy and comprehensive economic planning. Their economic thought had elements of both classical liberalism and ordoliberalism. Despite their relatively good public recognition, political development of post-war Czechoslovakia did not allow them to change public opinion. One way or another, the proper interpretation of their work is still missing in the history of economic thought textbooks so we attempt to provide at least the overview of their ideas and thus also provide the basis for future research agenda.
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The paper aims to identify several major approaches used by various important schools toward the concept of ownership. And to find how they differ from each other and what benefits (and shortcomings) offer those differences to the analysis of the ownership/property. These comparisons are in order to launch an alternative approach toward the concept. The point is not to “improve” or to criticize, but to attempt to look on the category from an “outside” viewpoint.
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Innocenc Ladislav Červinka was born on 1st February 1869 in Břest, a small village between Kroměříž and and Přerov. It is logical that he then received his secondary education in Přerov, a place with direct train connection from his place of residence. With the place of his birth and then with the places of his of his working life are related to his extremely numerous archaeological activities. Their beginning in 1890 and is linked to contacts with many contemporary (volunteer) archaeologists. On them followed by a rich publishing activity.
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Kliment Čermák, an archaeologist and museologist from Čáslav, established and maintained the quite extensive contacts with a number of personalities from the Moravian archaeological community. The paper brings a partial overview of these contacts with individual researchers, especially Innocenc Ladislav Červinka, primarily based on the surviving correspondence and manuscripts deposited within Čermák's estate in the Literary Archive of the Memorial of National Literature in Prague, the Archives of the Municipal Museum and Library in Čáslav and the State District Archive in Kutná Hora. The paper also includes information on the mutual publication of texts on pages of the periodicals of the Museum and Homeland History Association "Včela Čáslavská", the Patriotic Museum Association in Olomouc and the Moravian Archaeological Club.
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The article reports on sixteen letters written by Innocent Ladislav Červinka (1869-1952) in 1902-1919 to the archaeologist and administrator/director of the Hradec Králové Museum Ludvík Domečka (1861-1937). The contents of the correspondence notes and letters, which are are stored in the archive of the literary fund of the Museum of East Bohemia in Hradec Králové. Červinka's conveying information about congresses, general events in the Moravian Archaeological Club, and the editorial leadership of the journal Pravěk, of which Domečka was a subscriber and contributor. From the more personal letters, however, we also learn about Červinka's attitudes and his perception of of Moravian archaeology in the first twenty years of the 20th century.
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Ve dvacátých a třicátých letech 20. století se v Dubicku skupina místních nadšenců věnovala amatérské archeologii v okolí obce. Jejich nálezy se staly základem muzea zřízeného a otevřeného v roce 1926 v místní škole. Za druhé světové války byla část sbírky zničena a dnes je její torzo v Muzeu Mohelnice. Důležitý archeologický i historický pramen představuje Pamětní kniha musea v Dubicku, kterou v letech 1926–1935 psali dva hlavní aktéři, František Kotrle a Rudolf Hošek. V ní jednak dokumentovali archeologické objevy, včetně mapek nalezišť, jednak popisovali spolupráci s tehdejšími odborníky. Nejintenzivnější kontakty měli tito nadšenci s Innocencem Ladislavem Červinkou, který pro ně představoval odbornou autoritu, určoval jimi získané nálezy, radil jim a směroval v jejich archeologické zálibě. Respektoval však existenci jejich archeologické sbírky, do Brna si odvezl jen některé důležitější artefakty. Část archeologických nálezů z okolí Dubicka odborně publikoval, nejdůležitějším je článek z roku 1941.
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The first art objects from the Paleolithic on the soil of the Danube monarchy were discovered by Henry Wankel at the turn of 1870 and 1871 in the Bull Rock Cave. Martin Kříž, who acquired the the best evidence of figurative work to date, was unable to interpret them correctly and the artistic ...and explained the work in psychological terms. Its religious motivations were essentially rejected by the leading interwar archaeologists Innocenc Ladislav Červinka and Karel Absolon, although the latter of the animal sculptures leaned towards the idea of hunting magic. They both considered the sculptures of women only as a manifestation of the sex drive, and Karel Absolon even spoke of prehistoric pornography. Theory of hunting magic was popularized in the books of Josef Augusta and Zdeněk Burian, and persisted in the works of prominent Prague archaeologists Jaroslav Böhm, Jan Filip and Jiří Neustupný. Later, attempts at interpretation ceased and the alibi-like adoption of the views of Soviet authors.
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Innocenc Ladislav Červinka, jeden z nejvýznamnějších moravských a českých archeologů první poloviny 20. století, se výrazně prosadil i při studiu problematiky doby bronzové. Prozkoumal velká starobronzová pohřebiště v Němčicích nad Hanou a v Kyjovicích a vedle několika článků zpracoval rukopisnou charakteristiku únětické kultury na Moravě. O poznání střední doby bronzové se zasloužil výzkumem mohylového pohřebiště v Suchohrdlech a rukopisným vyhodnocením mohylové kultury. Pro studium období popelnicových polí patří k jeho největším zásluhám rozpoznání samostatnosti podolského typu a dále prozkoumání pohřebišť v Domaželicích, Horce nad Moravou, Mostkovicích a významného hrobu ve Velaticích. Podrobně zpracoval charakteristiku kultury popelnicových polí v několika článcích a znovu v rozsáhlé rukopisné práci.
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Pavol Jozef Šafárik (1795-1861) became known mainly thanks to his work Slavonic Antiquities expert not only on the Slavic past. At the time of the establishment of archaeology, he was therefore sometimes considered an archaeologist. Šafárik himself considered himself a philologist, even in the designation as a historian, he was rather modest. We have again mapped Šafárik's approach to material monuments, the factual references in his work and his views on the pre-historic period. From the analysis of it can be summarized that Šafárik certainly belongs to the group of people who need to be considered for this phase of contemporary archaeology, but he was not an archaeologist in the true sense of the word.
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The paper fulfils a long-standing need to acknowledge the pioneering work of the first administrator of the Rakovník Museum and founder of systematic archaeological research in Rakovník Jan Renner (1869-1959). on his results, which he regularly published in the Bulletin of the Museums Association, which was born He was also a member of its founding. Among his field activities, we can mention the survey and identification of the battlefield Rakovník (1620) and the medieval court of Kokrdov, documentation and research of the castle of Hlavačov, his contribution to the publication of the Paleolithic station at Lubná or the rescue of prehistoric finds at Chrášt'any. However, the breadth of his scope was much greater - from organizing the town archive to writing the town chronicle to the preservation and conservation of architectural and artistic monuments and generally active social life.
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The South-Bohemian borderland was long considered an area with no permanent prehistoric settlement whose colonization took place as late as the High Middle Ages. Beginning with the 19th century, accidental archaeological finds were predominantly deposited in the Schwarzenberg collections at Český Krumlov Castle. Direct evidence of settlement dating from the Hallstatt and LaTène periods was only provided by excavations carried out by teacher Karl Brdlik in the Chvalšiny and Kájov regions from the 1920s onwards. Surveys of the border areas were later continued by a team of archaeologists from the German University in Prague led by Prof. Leonhard Franz. Their most important excavations took place in the Dobrkovická cave near the town of Český Krumlov and at the La Tène oppidum near Třísov. Before the World War II, the majority of archaeological finds from the South Bohemian part of the Šumava Mountains were kept in the Šumava Museum in Horní Planá.
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The article presents the personalities who made most significant contributions in the field of archaeology in the region of Moravská Třebová (a.k.a. Mährisch-Trübau), in connection with the Moravská Třebová Museum and its archaeological collection. The focus has been put on representatives of three generations of researchers (from the late 19th century to the 1960s), to which no attention has yet been paid in connection with archaeology. In the view of the archaeological activities of these personalities, we can follow the development of archaeological research in the aforesaid region.
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Archaeologist Ivan Borkovský led the technical and later professional research of Prague Castle for more than forty years, in addition to dozens of other sites. He is one of the most prominent personalities of Czechoslovak and Czech archaeology of the Middle Ages. He was a colleague and teacher of a number of prominent archaeologists, historians and architects. Yet there are unknown moments in his personal life and in his fate during the tense periods of the 20th century. In the memoirs of his students and colleagues, there are stories that have become legendary in the nearly fifty years since his death. But most of them are not based on truth. The question is whether Ivan Borkovský himself gave rise to these stories or whether they were written later and what role the personality of the narrator played in them. The present text focuses primarily on these twists and turns in his life and attempts to confirm or refute the oft-repeated clichés through archival research. Last but not least, the thesis aims to pave the way for a more comprehensive treatment of his scholarly legacy, which will not be possible without an understanding of the pitfalls that accompanied his life.
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The establishment of the State Institute of Archaeology is connected with the extraordinary personality of Lubor Niederl, its founder and first director, who formulated the concept of the scientific work of the new institution. It began to function in the early 1920s and in the first decade of its existence faced serious financial and personnel problems that limited its activities. Fulfilling Niederl's concept was fully implemented from the 1930s by Jaroslav Böhm, director of the State Institute of Archaeology from 1939. His aim was to build the Institute as a modern institution that would be at the forefront of Czechoslovak archaeology. After the incorporation of the State Archaeological Institute into the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1953, Jaroslav Böhm focused on consolidating its position as the headquarters of scientific and research work. He was largely responsible for placing the Institute of Archaeology at the top of the field internationally in the first two post-war decades.
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