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Invetriate policrome in circolazione al San Francesco di Cosenza nel Basso Medioevo. Primi dati da nuove scoperte (Calabra, Italia)

Author(s): Cristiana La Serra / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

The paper presented focuses on a small percentage of ceramics, polychrome glazed ware, from the Middle Ages coming from the excavations at the monastery of St. Francis of Assisi, in Cosenza (Calabria, Italy). It concerned unpublished data on a medieval context, almost unknown that enrich the regional panorama on circulation and production of these artifacts. The quantified materials come from modern stratigraphy, so it is not possible any reflection on every kind of chronological evolution of the typology. However, the autopsy study of the mixtures, the description of shapes and decorations enhances the current knowledge on the subject and in any event allows the first important reflections of a medieval city like Cosenza, that seems to project more toward markets Puglia and Campania, with also the presence of Islamic imported ceramics.

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A Byzantine Settlement on the Kalabaklı Valley in the Hellespont: Yağcılar

Author(s): Ayşe Ç. Türker / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Kalabaklı Valley is an approximately 12-km-long valley which extends towards the Hellespont in the south-east — north-west direction between 440-meter-high Bayraktepe in its north-east and 407-meter-high Beşiktepe in its south. Located in the south of the point at which the Kalabaklı Tributary reached the strait, Dardanos was an episcopal center in the Byzantine period. Probably, the settlement of the episcopacy of Dardanos also spread to Kepez in the north of the point at which the river reached the strait. Kepez has an important port, and numerous Byzantine glazed pottery items were detected during our surveys in this area. Vessels which were very analogous to the pottery in this area in terms of their paste, shape, and decoration characteristics were documented during the surveys we carried on in the Yağcılar Village in the upper section of the Kalabaklı Valley. Yağcılar, which we first detected during our surveys, has very rich surface materials, and the quality of the finds indicates that a production center probably existed.

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Колекция от византийски белоглинени съдове от средата на X век в манастира при с. Равна (североизточна България)

Author(s): Pavel Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the article we publish the collection of 11 complete and two partially restored dishes and one lid, found during the excavations in the old Bulgarian monastery at the village of Ravna, Provadia region. They were found in fragments in the yard and in a room near the representative building, which could be considered as the residence of the abbot and of the visitors of the monastery. All of dishes are import from Byzantium, dating around the middle of the 10th c. The stratigraphic data allow us to determine the upper limit of their use to be before the burning of the monastery, which most probably happened during the events in Bulgaria during 969—971. Judging by the technique of manufacturing and the decorations, the dishes belong to the so-called Glazed White Ware. They are covered with dark-green or grass-green and light-yellow or yellow-brownish glazing. There is also inscribed or impressed decoration under the glazing.The goal of this publication is to focus the attention of the specialist on Byzantine pottery in the collection, to determine more precisely its dating and a possible place of manufacturing.

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Early Medieval Glazed Ceramics Discovered in the Fortifications from Hârşova and Oltina (South-Eastern Romania)

Author(s): Cristina Paraschiv-Talmaţchi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper completes the information regarding the glazed pottery from 10th—11th century from the western region of the Black Sea, from Dobrudja. Majority of the new discoveries belongs to the group with monochrome glaze (green-olive), rarely polychrome (green-olive with yellow; greenish-yellow on a chestnut background). The material, mostly fragmentary, comes from jugs, pots and cups of different sizes. Among other finds, a glazed clay egg was discovered at Hârşova. Glazed pottery from the two analyzed settlements represents local productions and imports, several fragments were studied by using archaeometric analysis, some data regarding the glaze are presented at the end of the article.

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Поливная керамика из средневекового поселения у с. Полски Градец в районе г. Раднево (Южная Болгария)

Author(s): Boris D. Borisov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This study presents glazed pottery from the medieval settlement near Polski Gradec village, occupied during the 11th—12th century. There are three main groups of glazed vessels: plain wares, painted wares and sgraffito wares. They are compared with the glazed pottery from various centres from the Byzantine cultural circle. According to the colour of the clay, the plain wares are divided into two groups — white wares and red wares. The white clay pottery is presented by two classes — “undecorated wares” and Persian lusterware with light blue glaze. The red clay pottery consists of the classes “Brown glazed ware”,“Spatter Painted Ware” and Sgraffito Ware. There are three sgraffito groups — Fine Sgraffito — which has three styles: “Fine style”, “Spiral style”, “Developed style” — “Champlevée”, and the so-called “Bulgarian sgraffito”. Plates of the known class of the “Painted sgraffito” were not found in the settlement. The Painted Wares belong to the “Green and brown painted wares” class and the vessels are divided into three groups.The analysis of the glazed pottery from the territory of the Byzantine cultural circle let us identify the production centres of particular groups of vessels. This raises the question about the trade routes and the circulation of the glazed pottery. It also helps us understand the trade ties in and out of the Byzantine Empire.

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Поливная керамика Торговицкого археологического комплекса периода Золотой Орды

Author(s): Iryna A. Kozyr,Tetiana D. Borovyk / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Glazed ceramics from monument excavations near Torhovytsia village (Ukraine), which belongs to the Golden Horde urban culture, is introduced in this paper. The classification of ceramic materials has been carried out on the well-established basis; classification criteria are already developed in the literature and include the composition of clay, the transparency and color of the glaze, peculiarities of the decor. Torhovytsia glazed ceramics is divided into glazed red-clay ceramics and the Qashan ceramics.Torhovytsia red-clay ceramics quantitatively prevails (94.4%) in the composition of glazed ware. Green and yellow colors constitute the basis of the glaze color palette. Sgraffito technique predominates in the decor.The Qashan ceramics is very rare in Torhovytsia. All of it was brought mostly from the eastern regions of the Golden Horde.

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Тисненая керамика городища Большие Кучугуры

Author(s): Mikhail V. Elnikov,Irina R. Tihomolova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The authors discuss characteristic features of the embossed ceramics collected from the Bolshie Kuchugury hillfort in the Lower Dnieper region. The ratio of groups of this ceramics tells about existence of close ties between Bolshie Kuchugury and towns in the South-Eastern Crimea and the Golden Horde centers in the Volga region. The main features of vessels are typical for the developed Golden Horde pottery. The low quality of turquoise glaze on Crimean vessels seems to reflect the process of learning a new type of decoration. Two groups of ceramics belong to one or several undetermined ceramic workshops practicing mixed traditions from the above indicated regions. Analogies to these industrial techniques and the marked style of embossed decoration, the area of distribution of such finds suggest that they were possibly produced in one or several provincial centers in the western regions of the Golden Horde, which developed their industries based on a variety of traditions, though under doubtless impact of the Crimean pottery.

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Строительная кашинная керамика городища Конские Воды

Author(s): Mikhail V. Elnikov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the construction Qashan ceramics from the Konskie Vody hillfort in the North-Western Azov Sea Area. Functionally, ceramics is divided into bricks and decorative facing glazed tiles covered with monochrome glaze. The first category of products is spread on the sites of the Don Region, the Volga region and the North Caucasus in the middle — the second half of the 14th century. Ornamental motifs from the hillfort find analogies among Volga region centers. The use of two- and three composite glazes occurs among items found on Madzhar and New Saray, where where they appeared under the influence of Khwarezm. Local production of Qashan is not excluded, which is demonstrated by finds of ceramic cores on the site.

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Комплекс керамики из раскопок усадьбы золотоордынского периода на территории средневекового городища в Алуште (Крым)

Author(s): Iryna B. Teslenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Ruins of the medieval settlement, one of the names of which in the 14th centuries was known as Lusta, are located on the top of a coastal hill between two rivers in the central part of modern Alushta (Southern coast of Crimea). The excavations were carried out there in 1981 (V. Sidorenko), 1984—1994 (V. Myts) and 1998, 1999, 2001, 2009 (I. Teslenko). On the basis of the archaeological data and evidence of written sources V. Myts has determined the Golden Horde period in the history of the town dating it from the end of the 13th to the 80s of the 14th century. During this period a new urban design of the settlement started to form, and several lines of streets with many houses were constructed. But in less than a century the settlement was burned. Remains of some of the household with traces of the fire have been investigated during the excavations. The materials from one of them are particularly interesting. They include the collection of well-preserved ceramic wares of various functions and origin, among which there are about three dozen of glazed table wares from local and overseas workshops, dating back mainly to the second quarter — last third of the 14th century. Analysis of the ceramic assemblage allows to conclude that connections of “Golden Horde” Lusta with the urban centers of the Golden Horde were rather weak, but at the same time the interest of Genoese merchants to this area was rather significant even before the official transition of the coastal land under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Genoa.

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Поселение Посидима в Юго-Восточном Крыму и его керамический комплекс (рубеж XIII—XIV вв.)

Author(s): Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article focuses on the complete publication of available to the author pottery materials obtained in the archaeological research on a medieval settlement Posidima in South-Eastern Crimea. Based on written, archaeological and cartographic evidences, the authors offers anattribution of this settlement. Ceramic materials date the studied cultural layers to the last quarter of the 13th — the first quarter of the 14th centuries. The important role of the pottery complex of Possidima is determined by the fact that it clearly illustrates how the Byzantine ceramic complex was replaced by another one, the Golden Horde pottery assemblage, on the turn of the 13th — 14th centuries.

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Поливные чаши с изображениями кошачьих хищников из раскопок на территории золотоордынского Азака

Author(s): Marina V. Dmitrienko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author examines finds of glazed bowls with images of lion and leopards from the digs on the Golden Horde City of Azak. Similar bowls, usually small and ornamented in reserved and sgraffito technique, are widely spread mainly in the Balkans and the Crimea and are dated by the second half of the fourteenth century. The article contains detailed description of the finds from Azak and determines its production centers: Byzantium in four cases (Constantinople or its environs) and South-Eastern Crimea (possibly Caffa, which produced imitations of Byzantine items) for the other two.

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Восточнокрымский поливной импорт в золотоордынском Азаке. Вопросы хронологии

Author(s): Andrei Nikolaevich Maslovskiy / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author discusses glazed ceramics manufactured in cities of the South-East Crimea (Caffa, Sudak, Solkhat) in late 13th — 14th centuries. During those centuries, it got spread over the territory of Eastern Europe and therefore can be a good dating factor, much more accurate than many other types of finds and comparable only to coins. Presently, many vessels can be dated precisely within fifty years to one decade. This is possible because of a big number of closed assemblages studied during the digs on Azak and dated by copper coins. For this purpose, the glazed ceramics is classified by series, which group vessels similar by forms and use (for instance, bowls and dishes) with a steady identical design of decorative compositions.

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Кашинные чаши из раскопок в центре золотоордынского Азака

Author(s): Nikita I. Iudin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article contains data about three Qashan bowls excavated in Golden Horde city of Azak. These bowls are characterized by good preservation and are dated by the second half of the fourteenth century. Among them: luster painted bowl, cobalt-blue painted bowl, bowl with a rice-grain-like décor and cobalt blue painting. Vessels contain ornaments created by Iranian potters, with the influence of Chinese textile and toreutics. Pottery, produced in Iran with the same technology of decoration is known among the materials of several Golden Horde and foreign cities. Luster painted bowls are the first example of such a kind of pottery that originates from a complex dated by the 2nd half of the 14th century. Cobalt-blue painted bowl, bowl with rice-grain-like décor and cobalt blue painting is the most well-preserved sample of such bowls, ever excavated in Azak.

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Поливная посуда XIII—XIV веков из Северо-Восточного Причерноморья

Author(s): Ekaterina A. Armarchuk,Alexander V. Dmitriev / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article presents finds of Golden Horde glazed ceramics from barrow cemeteries near Yuzhnaya Ozereika village and from Barbarasheva Shchel in North-Eastern Black Sea region (near Novorossiysk). These are red-clay bowls with different styles of ornamentation: sgraffito with additional painting, or without ornamentation. They are all products of Crimean production centers of glazed vessels. The authors also publish two bowls from the old collection of the Novorossiysk Historical Museum, ornamented by reserved technique with fine engraving and belonging to the Byzantine import.

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О находках поливной керамики XIII—XIV вв. на территории Северного Кавказа

Author(s): Evgeniy I. Narozhny / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author has collected all available (at the time of writing) finds of glazed pottery and elements of architectural decor, as well as information about them, from the territory of understudied archaeological sites in the Northern Caucasus. Generally, these are Golden Horde artefacts, which can complement our knowledge about the diversity of glazed pottery in the region, which is compared here with the analogies from the Golden Horde Volga region. Besides, the author refers to the finds supporting diversified connections between the Northern Caucasus and the environs of Derbent and North-Eastern Azerbaijan: the author maintains that these were the sources of ceramics within 1222—1230.

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Восточная и византийская поливная керамика в средневековых городах Беларуси

Author(s): Kristina A. Lavysh / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In the paper the author attempts to compile a corpus of finds of the Oriental and Byzantine pottery in the territory of Belarus, which are represented by the following types: among the Iranian pottery — luster painted pottery and “minai” pottery; among the Syrian pottery — luster painted pottery and “lakabi” pottery and technologically similar types; among the Golden Horde pottery — composite white frit pottery with relief modeling of the surface and polychrome underglaze painting; composite white frit beads with turquoise glaze; among the Byzantine pottery — pottery with underglaze five-color painting; “sgraffito” pottery and simpler specimens covered with engobe and glaze, as well as single finds of other types of Middle Eastern glazed pottery. Most of the Oriental and Byzantine pottery found during excavations of the Belarusian towns belong to the luxury goods or objects of a rather high artistic level, and may be associated with the culture of the elite and wealthy townspeople. The paper also considers the appearance causes of the Oriental and Byzantine glazed pottery in the medieval towns of Belarus, routes and means of its delivery.

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Поливная керамика с золотоордынских селищ округи Укека

Author(s): Leonard Fedorovich Nedashkovsky,Marat Bayazitovich Shigapov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the article is to characterise the finds of glazed pottery, found on the settlements of the region of the Golden Horde city Ukek, situated in the Saratov area of the Saratov region. All described glazed ceramic wares are published for the first time; they come from L. F. Nedashkovsky’s excavations or from the casual finds. Chronologically, the settlements, and, accordingly, all published materials are dated by the second half of the 13th —14th century. Finds are represented by kashi, red-clay glazed ceramics, and fragments of luster, stamped glazed, celadon vessels, kashi buttons and tiles.

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Поливная керамика Красноярского городища

Author(s): Evgeniy M. Pigarev / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article discusses findings of the research conducted on Krasny Yar hillfort (Astrakhan Oblast) and defines the ceramic assemblage uncovered during the archaeological excavations. If offers an analysis and typology of Qashan glazed ware and provides data on debris of a pottery workshop, which used to manufacture glazed ceramics. It is the first such workshop uncovered in a non-capital Golden Horde city in the Lower Volga region.

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Производство псевдоселадона в столице Золотой Орды — Сарае

Author(s): Evgeniy M. Pigarev,Vadim L. Egorov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article offers findings of a study on a large aristocratic estate from Saray, a Golden Horde capital (Selitrennoe hillfort) excavated by the Volga Archaeological Expedition of the Archaeology Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 1978—1982. It is the first publication of a potter’s workshop found within the estate: it produced various ceremonial red-clay and Qashan ware. The authors characterize thermotechnical devices (kilns) excavated on the territory of the workshop. The analysis of the uncovered ceramic materials (spoilage, furnace stores, and various devices for baking glazed vessels) distinguishes kilns for manufacturing of pseudo-celadon — a local imitation of the Chinese celadon technology.

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Кашин Хорезма

Author(s): Mukhammed-Sharip Kdirniazob / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author publishes some new finds of the 13th — 14th century Qashan ceramics from medieval towns of Khwarezm. The author offers his own ideas about the typology of the Qashan ceramics produced in the Central Asia, referring primarily to the authority of previous researchers. An attempt is made to define which vessels refer to the local production and which were imported here from Iran. The author concludes about the same place of origin for the Qashan ceramics produced in Khwarezm urban centers and main Golden Horde cities in the Lower Volga region.

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