Preispitivanje historije i historiografije Jugoslavije tokom Drugog svjetskog rata: slučaj Sarajeva

Author(s): Emily Greble Balić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In this essay, Emily Balić raises questions on the way that historians approach the study of the Second World War in Yugoslavia. She discusses the limitations of military and political histories and suggests that scholars need to examine social, legal, religious, and cultural aspects of the war. To make her case, she offers examples from the history of Sarajevo during the Second World War. The first example analyzes the limitations of the dominant paradigm of “collaboration” and “resistance” in the wartime literature. The second example explores categories of identity as they pertain to the genocide committed against Serbs, Jews, and Roma in the Independent State of Croatia.

Bosanska banovina i njezino okruženje u prvoj polovici 13. stoljeća

Author(s): Mladen Ančić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author examines the relation schemes within the ruling elite in the large territory from the Adriatic coast deep into the Danube basin. He points out the existence of particular “lands” that originate from the world of political formations of the early Middle Ages and points out personal dependence between Hungarian-Croatian kings and “rulers” of the specific “lands”. He illustrates the functioning of the system with two examples: conflicts over the Crown of St.Stephen’s at the beginning of the 13th century and a conflict between the duke of Mačva and Bosnia, Bela Rostislavić and Uroš I., the king of Serbia in the late sixties of the 13th century. Based on these analyses he derives conclusions on what led to disregard of the papal demands in the first half of the 13th century that force be used against the protagonists of the heretic teachings in Bosnian Banovina.

Българското богомилство и неговите европейски измерения

Author(s): Ivan Božilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In Bulgaria, Bogomils emerged at the beginning of the 10th centry under the influence of dualistic Massalian and Paulician movements. Its doctrine, cosmogony and eschatology, its attitude toward the Holy Scripture, Church and its secrets and ceremonies, but in the same way, its social and moral ideas are all well-known through a Bulgarian writer Presbyter Kozma (second half of the 10th century), Patriarch Theophilact from Constantinople (933-956), Byzantine writers Euthymios Zigabenos and Euthymios of Peribleptos, and a document known under the Latin name “Interrogatio Johannis”. In medieval Bulgaria, Bogomils gained great importance during the reign of tzar Peter (927-969) and tzar Boril (1207-1218), and they were last mentioned in the mid-14th century. After 1018, Bogomils spread out over Byzantine region (both in the Balkans and Asia Minor) and in 1344 reached the orthodox core – Mount Athos. The Bogumils also spread out to Russia, Wallachia and Moldova, Transilvania and Bosnia. They made their way into northern Italy and southern France (hence the names Bulgari, Boulgares, Bugri, Bougres as synonyms for Catharite and Albigensian heretics in those regions). Works by Rainier Sacconi, Nicola Viguier and “Interrogatio Johannis” also serve as testimonies.

Crkvene prilike u zemljama hercega Stjepana Vukčića Kosače

Author(s): Ivica Puljić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The noble Kosača family were originally estate owners from Podrinje. Their rise to the greatest noble family in the kingdom was due to the expansion of the Bosnian state towards the south and to the east. Vlatko Vuković (who ruled up till 1392), already laid the foundation of what was to be known later on as Herzegovina, on whose magnitude Sandalj Hranić (who ruled from 1392 – 1435) further expanded, along with Stjepan Vukčić (who ruled from 1435 – 1466). “Stjepan Herceg of Saint Sava, lord of Hum and Primorje, great Bosnian duke of (rusaga,) prince of Drina and more”, as he presents himself, is beyond a doubt the greatest Bosnian-Hum leader of the middle ages, due to the role he played not only in the Bosnian kingdom, but also in general during his times. It is therefore not surprising that within the Church of the Bosnian-Hum Christians he had a pivotal role. First of all, it is important to note that the Kosača family, including Stjepan Herceg, according to historical sources, were true followers of the Church of Bosnian-Hum Christians”. They were also very tolerant in religious matters in those times, not only in the lands under their control, but also towards families where Bosnian Christians, Catholics and Orthodox lived freely one beside the other. One of the reasons for this tolerance of theirs can be attributed to the political climate of those times in which Herceg had to constantly battle against accusations of heresy. A even greater motive can be found in the religious diversity that existed in his lands. While Podrinje and the border areas of the Hum lands along with Bosnia, followed the Church of the Bosnian-Hum “Christians”, many facts point out that despite the hardships caused by the wars with Serb leaders and the losses against “Christians”, the population of Hum and Primorje were still predominately Catholic. Orthodoxy prevailed in the areas which were once firmly part of the Serb State, from Trebinje towards the East, with its spiritual center at the monastery of Mileševo. This religious diversity certainly had a great influence upon the land owners and their conduct towards their subjects.

Papa Pio II. i kralj Stjepan Tomaš

Author(s): Tomo Vukšić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

At the beginning of this article, in order to follow easier the events, two protagonists from the title are shortly presented: the pope Pio II. (1458.- 1464.) and the king Stjepan Tomaš (1443.-1461.) and circumstances under which they have lived and worked. This is condition which makes it possible, in the third part of this article, to focus on their relationships that were conditoned and marked with different events and accidents: fall of Smederevo under Turks in 1459. and political and religious doubths on account of king Tomaš, congress of European rulers in Mantova, confesionaly complicated state, persecution of krstjans in Bosnian kingdom in 1459., family problems of king Tomaš, very bad relationships between king Tomaš and herceg Stjepan, attempt to establish new dioceses in the kingdom, bishop Tomasini of Hvar, franciscans, dominicans, the question of bosnian king’s crown, three converted krstjans in Rome, vassal relation of Tomaš toward Hungary and later toward Turky, influence of Venice and Dubrovnik, internal disagreement among noblemen and absence of help from christian countries, and at the end, sudden death of king Tomaš and arrival of queen Katarina in Rome, probably while the pope Pio II was still alive. During his short pontificate the pope Pio II. was in frequent conntacts with the last but one Bosnian king Stjepan Tomaš. On the territory of Tomaš’ kingdom he found, as a legate of the previous popes, Toma Tomasini, bishop of Hvar, to whom he extended the mandate. Even as a cardinal, he was very worried because of real Turkish danger and their frequent attacks toward central Balkan; as a pope, Pio II. tried, although unsuccessfully, to organize West Christian countries for common defense. Even before the Bosnian kingdom fell under the Ottoman authorities, the pope summoned a congress of European rulers, in Mantova 1459., in order to organize crusades, but they could not reach an agreement. He tried it again in 1464. after Bosnia had already fallen. At that time it look that he was going to succeed and he intended to come personally to Dubrovnik to participate in deliberation of Bosnia, and again he was deeply disappointed and military action was total failure. On his way to Dubrovnik he suddenly died in Ancona. On the other hand, the pope Pio II was one of the very well known humanists and distinguished writer who left, besides the literature writings, valuable testimonies about people and events of that time, including those who were in connection with Bosnian kingdom. When the Turks occupied Smederevo in 1459. the king Tomaš was accused from many sides as the one who was responsible for it. Even more, the pope himself doubted in his personal dignity and orthodoxy of his faith. For this reason he was sending the delegations to the pope trying to clear his name and justify himself of false accusations. Because many did not believe him in regard to the fall of Smederevo, Tomaš tried to prove at least orthodoxy of his faith, and ordered in the second part of 1459. that all heretics in his kingdom must either convert to catholic faith or leave out his kingdom. Three distinguished Bosnian krstjans even ended up in Rome in 1461., where they, before the pope himself, renounced heresy and accepted catholic faith after being taught in doctrine of catholic faith. In connection with this event, we have the valuable document, Symbolum pro informatione manichaeorum, made by cardinal Juan de Torquemada, according to the document the three men professed catholic faith. Since this Symbolum contains fifty heresies of Bosnian krstjans, it is made mostly based on the information received from Bosnia, probably by the Dominicans, it is indispensable source for further study of the puzzled doctrine of medieval Church of Bosnian krstjans. Bosnian kingdom was and remained confessional very divided and complex, regardless of Tomaš’ endeavors to solve that issue, even with force. Moreover, local noblemen were in huge quarrels among themselves, this is particularly the case with king Tomaš and herceg Stjepan, father and son in law, who even waged wars on each other several times. Along with these problems that were tearing to pieces Bosnian kingdom from inside, European christian countries, also in quarrels among themselves and with their own selfish interests, more often were making agreements with the Turks than preparing defense. Only the pope, Pio II. was doing what he was able to do, but Europe did not follow him. In 1461. he sent the crown and other royal signs to the new king Stjepan Tomašević. However, in spite of this recognition that Bosnian kingdom put on the list of sovereign states, other rulers did not follow the example of Pio II. and small Bosnian kingdom was left alone in front of mighty Ottoman army. Two years after Tomaš’ death, Bosnian kingdom was literally run down, destroyed by Ottoman army. King Tomaš did not see that because he died in 1461. but his wife Katarina, after this tragedy, moved to Rome, probably at the beginning of 1464. while Pio II. was still alive.

Evolucija i uloga tri kompleksa istorijskih mitova u srpskom akademskom i javnom mnjenju u poslednjih deset godina

Author(s): Ana Antić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Rad će analizirati transformacije i razvoj dva tipa istorijskih mitova – ante murale i sui generis – u srpskom akademskom i javnom mnjenju tokom prethodne decenije. Osnovne grupe primera klasičnih kao i novih formi mitologiziranih interpretacija istorije u okviru teorijskih ograničenja mitova drevnosti, sui generis i ante murale biće detaljno istraženi, dok će nove komponente mitova biti definisane uz pomoć informacija i podataka iz brojnih relevantnih izvora i tekstova naučnog i dnevno-političkog karaktera. Drugi fokus rada povezan je s primećenom zamenom mita drevnosti interpretacijama tipa ante murale kao najfrekventnijom i najuticajnijom strategijom za teorijsko (re)definisanje državnih i nacionalnih granica. U zaključku akcenat će biti stavljen na analizu političkih i socijalnih faktora koji su doprineli nastanku pomenutih promena.

Основной закон о лесах Российской Социалистической Федеративной Советской Республики

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Russian

Javna rasprava o razgraničenju BiH i CG u području Sutorine

Author(s): Merima Mujanović / Language(s): Bosnian

U organizaciji Ustavnopravne komisije Predstavničkog doma Parlamentarne skupštine Bosne i Hercegovine održana je javna rasprava o razgraničenju BiH i Crne Gore u području Sutorine (sjednice od 24. februara 2015. i 9. aprila 2015. godine). Javna rasprava je organizirana povodom inicijative Denisa Bećirevića da se donese Rezolucija o Sutorini, koju je on u zvaničnoj parlamentarnoj proceduri uputio na usvajanje. U Rezoluciji je predložio da Predstavnički dom ocijeni neutemeljenim i štetnim Prijedlog ugovora o državnoj granici između BiH i Crne Gore, kojeg je utvrdilo Vijeće ministara BiH u novembru 2014. godine. Prema njemu bi Sutorina trebala ostati u sastavu crnogorskog teritorija i u tom smislu je argumentirao da Crna Gora ne može dokazati vlasništvo nad Sutorinom, jer je u Ustavu FNRJ iz 1946. godine predviđeno da se republičke granice mogu mijenjati samo pod uslovom da Narodna skupština ratificira dogovor na saveznom nivou i uz saglasnost republika. Do te ratifikacije nikada nije došlo. Jedan od glavnih argumenata Rezolucije o Sutorini jeste činjenica da je BiH prema odredbama Berlinskog kongresa imala dva izlaza na more: Klek i Sutorinu. Sutorina se proteže na 83,7 kvadratnih kilometara i od velikog je značaja za ekonomiju BiH.

Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine: Nedovršena pravna država – diskurs

Author(s): Manfred Dauster / Language(s): Bosnian

Ko još u 2010. godini govori o Ustavu BiH od 14. 12. 1995, o ustavu koji datira sa kraja ratnih sukoba u ovoj zapadnobalkanskoj zemlji i kojim se okončava mirovni ugovor iz Daytona, ne može zaobići njegovu nesavršenost. Kazano grubim jezikom, on predstavlja samo organizacionopravni statut koji na jednoj strani izražava minimalni konsens strana u bosnaskom ratu o tome šta bi zajednička država BiH morala biti i na drugoj strani odražava vremenski trenutak u kojem su u Rambouilletu i Daytonu vođeni mirovni pregovori. Jedan od njegovih nedostataka se sastoji u potpunoj ustavnoj šutnji o sudskoj vlasti, o njenoj organizaciji i zadacima, o sudijama i njihovoj nezavisnosti, kao i u nepostojanju, idividualnih garancija prava na zakonskog sudiju. Tako se ključni stav iz čl. I/2 Ustava BiH, da je BiH pravna država, pokazuje kao nepotpun. Što se tiče ostalih nedostataka ovdje o njima ne može biti riječi, posebno ne o hipertrofičnoj politici koja parališe nesavršenu organizaciju države, budući da bi takvo objašnjenje probilo okvire ovog članka. Posmatrač će se, ipak, začuditi da unatoč stalnim internacionalnim i nacionalnim kritikama nije došlo do poboljšanja Ustava. U ovom prilogu nije moguće rasvijetliti razloge zbog kojih su propali dosadašnji reformski pokušaji. To bi nas uvuklo doboko u analizu političkih pozicija unutar BiH. Agiranje politike i pojedinih političara posmatraču sa zapada se ne pokazuje kao racionalno. Bez duboke političke analize, koja do danas očigledno nije provedena, neće biti moguće rekonstruirati stvarnu pozadinu, jedva prihvatljivog ustavnopravnog držanja pojedinih protagonista koji cijelo vrijeme slijede politiku koja je definirana prema etničkoj liniji. Ako se, ipak, svim mogućim argumentima – čak i potpuno nerazumnim – po svaku cijenu održava ovaj ustavnopravni statusu, takva odbrana status quoa može se jedino objasniti egoizmom vlasti određenih etničkih grupa. Ustav koji organizira krov društva nije naprosto statut kojim se ustanovljava jedno udruženje i uspostavljaju njegovi organi. On ne zrači samo prema državi i prema politici, nego utiče i na život pojedinca. On je prema tome suviše važan da bi se prepustio egoističnim grupama vlasti, ma koje boje one bile. Čini se, ipak, da je upravo to u BiH slučaj. Ovo je moguće samo zbog toga što su stanovnici ove ustavnopravne kuće uočljivo neizainteresirani za samo stanje u kući. Nema društvenog dikursa o ustavnim pitanjima koja se tiču ustavnog identiteta. Nije sasvim tačno da društveni interes ima svoju osnovu samo u činjenici da je Ustav iz 1995. zaključen bez učešća samog naroda. Jer, i ustavi drugih evropskih država su donešeni bez neposrednog učešća naroda, a da nakon toga državni narod nije u pogledu ključnih društvenih odluka upao u takvu nezainteresiranost, tačnije u apatiju, kako je to slučaj u BiH.

Primjena kriterija ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude u postupcima javne nabave u Republici Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Dušanka Marinković Drača / Language(s): Croatian

In this article the author gives insight of legislative regulation and analysis of “most economically advantageous tender” application in public procurement procedures in the Republic of Croatia. The article points out on main obstacles for application of this practice, considering that “most economically advantageous tender” is almost negligible criterion in public procurement procedures. Frequent changes of public procurement legislation did not affect increasing number of procedures in which, along lowest price, other criterion were represented, which could achieve “value for money” objective. Restrictive approach of the State Commission for Supervision of Public Procurement Procedure in application of this criterion, which demands from contracting authority that literally every criterion value, even the evaluation for qualitative criterions, could be recalculated in monetary amount, additionally discourages contracting authorities to conduct procedures applying “most economically advantageous tender” criterion. New Public Procurement Act, which will be applied from 1st January 2012, author sees as a chance for change in approach, for which additional special education is necessary for all participants in that procedure.

Ugovori o socijalnom osiguranju između država sljednica bivše SFR Jugoslavije i stjecanje mirovine zbrajanjem staža iz više država sljednica

Author(s): Mihovil Rismondo / Language(s): Croatian

Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, its successor states have regulated their pension insurance relations by bilateral social security agreements. Such agreements regulate the relations between two countries; therefore, a problem of aggregation of the insurance periods acquired in third–country–successor states occurred, which periods are requisite for granting of the pension entitlement. Therefore, the author suggests the application of the Convention ILO no. 48 Concerning the Establishment of an International Scheme for the Maintenance of rights under Invalidity, Old–age and Widows’ and Orphans’ Insurance, 1935, applicable to all successor–states of the former Yugoslavia.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FAKE NEWS: A ROADMAP.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Fake News: A Roadmap explores the character, consequences, and challenges of fake news. The twists and turns that connect fake news to related buzzwords and themes including ‘post-truth’, ‘populism’, and ‘trust’, are far from straightforward. Fake News: A Roadmap is published by King’s Centre for Strategic Communications (KCSC) and the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, in Riga, Latvia. Both organisations are committed to encouraging innovative thinking.

La Lutte du Peuple Bulgare pour une Église Nationale indépendante

Author(s): Stefan Savov Bobchev / Language(s): French

With an 16-pages introduction of the »Société Slave en Bulgarie« acting as editor of this small booklet under issue Nr 10 of its series »Bibliothèque Slave«

Италия и Балканитѣ (по случай общоевропейската война)

Author(s): D-r. Slivenson / Language(s): Bulgarian

A print of the Military Journal, September 15, 1915, referring to Italy's policy on the Balkans.

Srpski intelektualci i Jugoslavija 1918-1929.

Author(s): Branka Prpa / Language(s): Serbian

Kada sam, 1989. godine, prijavila doktorsku tezu o srpskim intelektualcima i njihovom odnosu prema jugoslovenskoj državi, u istorijskom vremenu koje pripada prvim decenijama XX veka, nisam mogla zamisliti da se bavim istorijom koja će me zapljusnuti kao cunami, koja će razrušiti, opustošiti i uništiti moju savremenost i temu mog istraživanja. Počeo je rat, a sa njime je počeo i moj lični i profesionalni pakao u koži istoričara i učesnika istorije. Kako uopšte pisati o stvaranju jugoslovenske države u trenutku njenog nepovratnog sloma, kako se izvući iz dva toka istorije koja se međusobno isključuju?

Kritička kultura sećanja

Author(s): Todor Kuljić / Language(s): Serbian

Izgleda da je 2005. godine suočavanje sa bliskom prošlošću novih balkanskih država pod pritiskom izvana dobilo nove tonove. Zaoštrena je debata oko ratnih zločina unutar i između država. Hrvati grčevito brane dignitet Domovinskog rata, a Srbi nastoje da ublaže neuporedivost genocida u Srebrenici ističući i ostale zločine. Domovinski rat se ne smije kriminalizovati, a Srebrenica je rezultat smišljene propagande – jesu parole kojima se umiruje povređeno vrelo ponosnog nacionalnog osećanja običnog čoveka. Ne manje je upadljiva retorika po kojoj su se svi branili od agresije, a ako je i bilo preterivanja, reč je o ekscesima.

Pařížská kultura a esejisté Giedroyc, Gombrowicz, Stempowski, Jeleński, Herling-Grudziński, Czapski

Author(s): Jiří Zatloukal / Language(s): Czech

The presented disertation deals with selected essayists associated around the polish exile magazine "Kultura" published in maisons-laffitte in paris in the second half of the 20the century (1946-2000). its managing editor was Jerzy Giedroyc. the oeuvre of the closest magazine associates (so called "kultura group") is disscussed with regard to the aspects of the art of essay. research in this paper is limited to the so called first generation of the culture associates (1946-69). apart from the spiritus agens of the periodical - jerzy giedroyc, the analysis looks in detail at these personae from the closest magazine circle: witold gombrowicz, jerzy stempowski, konstantyn a. jeleński, gustaw herling-grudziński and józef czapski. essay as such goes beyond mere literary genre. at the basis of this texts of this nature lie more general attributes and essay can be placed among texts structured by strict logic and texts so called "litterary". as such, these are grasped in the sense of a statement inferred from several basic principles, whereas literary texts as those of which structure is based on digressions.

Rezumate

Author(s): / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Дейност на Екзархията в Средните Родопи (1898-1912)

Author(s): Maria Glavcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Exarchate, with its activity, was the only real defender of the Bulgarian national cause in the first years after the Berlin Congress. In connection with the direct management of the educational work in Smolyan district, the Exarchate established a bishop's vicarage in Dolno Raykovo. In 1885, the Exarchate moved the incomplete grade school from Ustovo to Dolno Raykovo. Iliya Toshev from Ustovo was appointed head teacher. The Exarchate directed the help of its educational department here through the inspectors Kalfov, Chengelov and especially Georgi Fotev. In the Smolyan district, a number of schools and teachers associated their activities with the struggle for national liberation. Undoubtedly, the merits of the Exarchate in the Middle Rhodope region were significant, the most important of which consisted in awakening and maintaining the national self-awareness of the local population.