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Faiz Oranı, Ülke Kredi Riski ve Döviz Kurunun Turizm Hisselerine Etkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülke Türkiye Örneği (Borsa İstanbul Turizm Endeksinde Bir Uygulama)

Author(s): Fatih Günay / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Although technological developments facilitate access to information, the rapidly accessible information has become one of the determining factors in the movements of economic and financial markets. Such that the effects of the disclosed information on financial and capital markets can be instantaneous, and the impact of the relevant information on financial assets is observed for a certain period of time, either directly or indirectly. In the study, the benchmark interest (Turkey 2-year government bond rate) from macroeconomic factors, the 5-year credit default swap premium (Credit Default Swap – CDS) which is Turkey's credit risk indicator, and the euro exchange rate, the common currency of the European Union, which covers the main markets of the tourism sector. Besides, it is examined the relations between the US dollar and tourism sector stocks, which are highly influential and essential in terms of the real economy and financial markets. In line with the purpose, in the study, long and short-term relationships were examined with cointegration and causality analyses in monthly observations, and the effects of variables on the tourism index were tried to be determined by impact-response analysis and variance decomposition test. In this study, in which the relations of the Borsa İstanbul Tourism index with the interest rate, CDS premium, euro rate and dollar rate are examined in monthly observations, it can be said that the stocks of tourism enterprises are affected by macroeconomic factors, sector and business-specific conditions other than the tested macroeconomic conditions. Tourism stocks are weakly related to the interest rate and country risk premium, as well as the euro and dollar exchange rates. Considering that the tourism sector, which has a long return on investment, is affected by many events, it can be stated that these results are appropriate with the investor risk-return expectation.

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Determinants of Overall Risk-Taking and Financial Risk Tolerance: Experimental Evidence from Turkey

Author(s): Hüseyin Burgazoğlu,Salih Ülev,Mervan Selçuk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study aims to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and overall risk-taking levels, and financial risk tolerance. Using the microdata set of 15,041 respondents, we examine the factors influencing the level of individuals’ overall risk-taking level and financial risk tolerance for Turkey. Although many studies investigate the effect of demographic parameters on risk tolerance for different countries, there is no study that examines the determinants of risk tolerance using comprehensive data that represent the whole Turkish population. The study’s main contribution is the representation of the population of Turkey because the sample covers 89% of the total households in Turkey and the participants are the decision-makers in their households. The findings demonstrate that while gender, marital status, and ability to plan for the future affect individuals’ overall risk-taking level and financial risk tolerance, education only affects financial tolerance. There is a weak but significant negative relationship between age and overall risk-taking level and financial risk tolerance.

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Bütünleşik Pazarlama İletişimi ve Marka Bilinirliği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Hilal Uygurtürk,Elif Mağden / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Marketing managers have started to pay more attention to integrated marketing communication in order to gain competitive advantage, increase sales in the long term, increase market share, brand value and awareness. The reason for this is that the increase in brand awareness of businesses will provide them with competitive advantage. This study aims to determine whether integrated marketing communication and brand awareness differ according to demographic factors and the relationship between integrated marketing communication and brand awareness. In this context, a research was carried out on Bağlar Gazoz, a well-known local brand of Karabük-Safranbolu. As a result of the study; It was determined that integrated marketing communication did not show a significant difference according to demographic factors. It was determined that brand awareness did not show a significant difference according to gender, but showed a significant difference according to age and occupational status. As a result of the regression analysis carried out in the study, it was determined that integrated marketing communication had a positive and significant effect on brand awareness.

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Hizmet Sektöründe Müşteri Katılımına Yönelik Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Gizem Eda Gülöz,Aypar Uslu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Significant shift in consumer profiles, sectoral practices, and marketing knowledge currently common has changed business models and made them more complex than simply being customer-oriented. In this context, making customers a part of their business strategies and imposing the role of creator of the service and value offered to them through their participation has been the main premise of competitive advantage. Especially in the service sector, encouraging customer participation, collaborating with customers affects the experience and the results of the process. Although customer participation has been the subject of academic research for many years, there are many different definitions and evaluations of the concept. However, in the marketing literature, this concept is based on the transition from the goods-dominated approach to the service-dominated approach, pioneered by Vargo and Lusch. In this study, the place of the concept of customer participation in the marketing literature, its historical background, and the theories that shed light on the development of the concept are revealed. It is aimed to contribute to researchers and practitioners by evaluating the fields that customer participation is related to, other concepts that are close to the concept or used synonymously, and the results of customer participation from a holistic perspective.

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Pazarlamada Dijital Dönüşüm: Dijital Pazarlama Stratejilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Nilgün Tuzcu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

According to the key role of digital marketing in internet-based sales, as well as businesses' attempts to optimize their profits, businesses also need to consider different types of strategies in the modern competitive market. This study aims to evaluate the digital marketing strategies of the customers in online shopping and to evaluate the digital marketing strategies in this context. For this reason, first of all, the conceptual structure and important aspects of digital marketing are discussed. The general structure of the study includes emphasis on the perspective of digital marketing managers and how businesses should intensify their digital marketing efforts to increase their market share. In addition, digital marketing managers can better benefit from positive results when they correctly understand the factors that affect customers' purchasing behavior. All customers are affected by various elements of digital marketing in some way, and it can be said that the decisions of the customers largely depend on these elements. In addition, when it comes to digital businesses and internet sales, the correct use of digital marketing will be an important requirement for success and sales guarantee. This study is also important in terms of forming the infrastructure of empirical studies.

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Tarımda Dijital Pazarlama

Author(s): Cevher Özden / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The agricultural sector is facing unprecedented challenges such as population growth, climate change and food security issues. Digital transformation is crucial to meeting these challenges, as it offers the opportunity to revolutionize the way we produce, distribute and consume food. Digital transformation in agriculture includes the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and the Internet of Things (IoT) into agricultural applications. This technology-driven approach has the potential to increase agricultural productivity, reduce waste and increase profitability for farmers. One of the key benefits of digital transformation in agriculture is improved decision-making through the collection and analysis of data. Farmers can use data to monitor soil health, weather and crop performance to make informed decisions about planting, harvesting and fertilizing. Digital transformation can also facilitate precision agriculture, where farmers can use sensors and data analytics to optimize crop yields and reduce inputs such as water and fertilizer. This approach can significantly reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and improve sustainability. In addition, digital transformation can improve supply chain management by enabling farmers to connect directly with consumers and improve transparency in the food production process. In summary, digital transformation is of increasing importance in the agricultural industry as it has the potential to increase productivity, reduce waste, improve sustainability and increase profitability.

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Sigorta Ürünleri ve Hizmetlerinin Dijitalleşmesinin Müşteri Tercihlerine Etkisi: Pazarlama Stratejileri Bakımından Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Ahmet Aydin,Yavuz Kotan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Despite the efforts of service businesses, some extraordinary developments are affecting the way service products are presented. Digital technologies, the use of which intensifies in extraordinary situations, are now routinely used and many products/services are delivered to customers through digital channels. In this study; A literature review on services, service marketing and digitalization of services has been included and the importance of digitalization of services in terms of marketing strategies has been examined. In the study; the analysis and evaluation of the data on the impact of the digitalization of services on customer preferences in terms of marketing strategies is in question. In addition, the possible effects of demographic characteristics and perspectives on preferences in digital insurance services has examined and suggestions has made. In the result of working; it has been concluded that by following a communication-oriented marketing strategy, the trust of the target audience in digital insurance products/services can be increased, they can be insured, and the employment of experts in marketing communication in insurance companies can provide positive results.

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Instagram’ın Tutundurma İşlevinin Butik Pastacılık Alanında Faaliyet Gösteren Girişimcilerin Girişimcilik Kararına Etkisi

Author(s): Behiye Beğendik / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Technological innovations not only make business life easier, but also affect people's lives. The development of computers, the internet and smart phones has changed the way of existing businesses activities, causing them to take steps from traditional marketing to digital marketing. Along with existing businesses, newly established businesses also direct their activities on the axis of digital marketing. Social media marketing, which is an important component of digital marketing, is becoming a promotional mix component that businesses frequently use. In this study, a research was conducted on entrepreneurs operating in the field of boutique pastry in order to determine the effect of Instagram and its promotional function on the idea of entrepreneurs about being entrepreneurs. As a result of face-to-face interviews with entrepreneurs operating in the field of boutique pastry in order to learn the views of entrepreneurs on this subject in depth, it was concluded that Instagram or the promotion function of Instagram did not affect the decision to become an entrepreneur.

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Yengeç Sepeti Sendromu

Author(s): Murat Ayar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The concept of syndrome, which expresses a special disorder or problem, can be seen in different types on an individual, organization or society. One of them is the crabs in the barrel syndrome. In the simplest terms, the crabs in the barrel syndrome is described as a selfish and narrow-minded way of thinking. It is expressed as individuals who are in a similar situation to pull down the successful ones among them. The organization represents a structure that is formed by the combination of different beliefs, cultures, morals, feelings, thoughts and behaviors, that is, different environments. The crabs in the barrel syndrome indicates that the employees of the organization working together in an organization do not want one of them to rise and / or progress if one of them is successful. It is very important to prevent all kinds of negative situations that may cause individual and organizational development in organizations, and thus, it can be ensured that the way to reach the predetermined goals and objectives is clear. Some measures should be taken to prevent negative situations such as crabs in the barrel syndrome or to stop it in cases where it does happen. The roles and responsibilities of the employees of the organization are determined in advance, equal rights are given to each employee, the employees of the organization are made to feel valuable for the organization, an impartial policy is followed and evaluations are made by considering the merits. applications can be listed as measures.

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Örgütsel Çeviklik

Author(s): Gözde Sunman / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Today, environmental uncertainties, opportunities and threats that arise as a result of intense competition and rapid changes that have reached global dimensions affect organizations in a significant way. It is important for organizations to be protected from environmental threats, where this dynamic and continuous change is experienced, and to turn opportunities into advantages. To be able to continue activities under changing conditions and to gain competitive advantage requires developing new strategies for organizations. This situation has brought up the issue that organizations need to act more agile in order to adapt to the continuous change process. In the 21st century, agility is no longer a matter of choice for organizations, and the ability to react quickly to the external environment has become a necessity that distinguishes successful organizations from others. In this direction, the definition and scope of organizational agility, the dimensions of organizational agility, the importance of organizational agility and the characteristics of agile organizations will be discussed.

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İşyerinde Yaşanan Boreout Sendromu

Author(s): Neşe Salik Ata / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Boreout syndrome is one of the common problems in today's business world. Boreout syndrome experienced in the workplace negatively affects employees and businesses. Employees who have difficulty in understanding the meaning of the work they work with, experience boreout syndrome and work with low motivation and performance. As a result of this situation, businesses experience serious losses in terms of efficiency and quality. This can be quite costly for businesses. In this context, businesses should pay attention to the harmony between employees with work while implementing personnel selection and placement policies in order to prevent their employees from experiencing boreout syndrome. The aim of this study is to touch on the concept of boreout syndrome, the symptoms of boreout syndrome, to present the reasons for the employees to experience boreout syndrome in the workplace, what those who have boreout syndrome should do, the consequences of boreout syndrome in the workplace and the measures to be taken to prevent boreout syndrome.

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Dijitalleşme Döneminde Örgütlerde Psikolojik Dayanıklılık

Author(s): Fatma Yılmaz Kılıçkaya / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Effective use of digital technology and the establishment of digital communication networks gain importance in contemporary organizations. In today's rapidly changing business environment, businesses need to both follow technological developments and strengthen the psychological resilience of their employees in order to be successful. While digitalization helps businesses gain a competitive advantage by transforming their processes and communications, psychological resilience provides businesses with a sustainable advantage by increasing their ability to cope with difficulties. Digitization helps businesses make faster decisions, serve customers better, and gain a competitive advantage while increasing their efficiency. However, the digitalization process can also create certain challenges for employees. Rapid technological changes, role changes, and uncertainties about the nature of the job can create stress and anxiety among employees. At this point, resilience becomes an important factor for businesses. In the digitalization process, businesses gain an advantage in adapting to change and focusing on development opportunities by supporting the psychological resilience of their employees.

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Türkiye’de Finansman Şirketlerinde Finansal Performans ve Türev Araç Kullanımında Nedensellik İlişkisi

Author(s): Kudbeddin Şeker / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to determine the importance of derivative financial instruments in determining the financial performance of financial companies operating in Turkey, and the causal relationship with return on equity. For this purpose, quarterly (57 periods) data obtained from the website of the Banking Supervisory Board of the financing companies operating in the 2008Q1-2022Q1 periods were used. Derivative financial instruments for hedging purposes consist of trading transactions, forward trading transactions, swap trading transactions, trading option transactions and futures trading transactions. As a financial performance indicator; Period Net Profit (Loss)/Average Total Equity (ROE), Derivative Financial Assets / Total Equity (TFO) and Derivative Financial Liabilities / Total Equity (FYO) variables are used as derivative financial instrument variables. Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality Test was used since it is seen that the variables are stationary at different levels, I(0), I(1) in the unit root tests for the method to be used in determining the causality relationship between the variables. In the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) Granger causality test, first of all, the appropriate lag length of the VAR model to be applied is determined by using the Wald test. In order to determine whether the established VAR model is valid or not, 4 different diagnostic tests are applied. As a result of the tests performed, ıt has been determined that there is no granger causality from TFO to ROE, no granger causality from FYO to ROE, no granger causality from ROE to TFO, no granger causality from FYO to TFO, no Granger causality from ROE to FYO. It was observed that there was Granger causality at the 10% significance level from TFO to FYO. This result shows that financing companies cannot use derivative financial instruments efficiently to increase the return on equity.

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Para Piyasası Aracı Olarak Müşareke Finansmanı ve Dünya Uygulamaları

Author(s): Uğur Çoban,Yavuz Türkan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Contrary to applications such as murabaha, which is a debt-based instrument that is widely offered in participation banks, musharakah financing, which has the potential to affect real economic activities, is implemented at low levels throughout the world and in Turkey. The dissemination of this tool seems to be dependent on participation banks that currently provide Islamic financing in the money market. Although there is a need for studies that will reveal the reasons for the low levels of musharakah, it has the potential to create real economic value to develop applications that will spread musharakah instead of the current and widespread Islamic financing instruments that are subject to fiqh criticism.

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BIST Otomotiv İşletmelerinin Karlılığını Etkileyen Unsurların Du Pont Analizi ile Ölçümlenmesi

Author(s): Yasemin Ezin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The automotive sector is related to many sectors and is an important sector in terms of the country's economy and employment creation. For this reason, the analysis of the profitability of the enterprises operating in the sector is carefully examined especially from the point of view of both business owners and managers and investors. One of the preferred methods in the literature for profitability analysis is Du Pont analysis. In this method, while calculating the return on assets and return on equity capital ratios of enterprises, the effect of net profit margin, asset turnover rate and equity multipliers on profitability rates is also revealed. In this study, the financial data of 8 automotive companies traded in BIST for the period covering the years 2018-2020 were evaluated. ROA and ROE calculations were examined by Du Pont analysis by using ratio analysis. Accordingly, net profit margin, asset turnover rate, return on assets, equity multiplier and return on equity were evaluated. As a result of the study, it was found that the net profit margins of the companies with the lowest return on equity (ROE) ratio were low

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İslami Finans Yöntemleri

Author(s): Mehmet Bükey,Yavuz Türkan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, Islamic finance methods that are operated according to Islamic principles will be introduced. As it is known, Islamic finance methods, unlike traditional finance methods, are not a financial activity but a commercial method. Financing in Islamic finance is based on the profit share principle, not the interest principle of traditional finance. Islamic finance methods include different financing techniques to meet the needs of Islamic entrepreneurs who want to meet their financing needs. In these techniques, money is not seen as capital or as an income generating tool. Money is accepted as a means of exchange and a unit of measurement in the valuation of commercial activities, productivity and increase in social welfare. In Islamic finance methods, financing is provided for the purchase of investments, goods, services or fixed assets. Financial transactions are in no way based on mutual monetary transactions. Monetary transactions are made in return for goods or services and do not include interest. At the same time, all transactions do not contain any uncertainty. In the study, Islamic finance methods are discussed under the title of four basic methods. These basic methods are Support Methods, Trading Methods, Partnership Methods and Other Financing Methods.

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Kamu Altyapı Yatırımlarının Mevcut Finansman Modelleri: Türkiye İçin Faizsiz Bir Model Önerisi

Author(s): Erhan Bahtiyar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Altyapı yatırımı, devletlerin kalkınma sürecinin olmazsa olmaz şartıdır. Altyapı yatırımları genelde kamu otoriteleri tarafından gerçekleştirilirken özellikle 20. Yüzyıl’ın son çeyreğinden itibaren Kamu-Özel İşbirliği (KÖİ) kapsamında da gerçekleştirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu süreçte başvurulan finansman modellerinden biri de faizsiz finansmandır. Özellikle Türkiye’de altyapı yatırımlarının islamî prensipler ışığında faizsiz finansman modelleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmesi üzerine akademik çalışma ise neredeyse yok denecek kadar azdır. Bununla birlikte geçmişten günümüze faizsiz finansman modellerinin ülkemizde kısıtlı kullanıldığı görülmektedir.

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Faizsiz Bankacılık Likidite Yönetiminde Kullanılan İcâre Sukuk Örnekleri, Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri

Author(s): Fatih Kazanci / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Günümüz faizsiz bankacılığında özellikle likidite yönetimi alanında sukuk ihraçları önemli rol oynar. Bunun nedeni faizsiz bankaların likidite fazlası yaşadıkları dönemlerde sukuk yatırımı ile fazla olan likiditelerini yönetmeleri, likidite eksikliği yaşadıkları dönemlerde de ellerindeki sukukları satarak likiditeye ulaşma ihtiyaçlarıdır. Bunun yanında sukuk özellikle faizsiz bankaların merkez bankaları ile olan ilişkilerinde önemli rol oynar. Çünkü bazı merkez bankaları teminat olarak bu sukukları kabul ederler ve hatta repo/ ters repo piyasasında sukukları faizsiz bankalardan satın alarak onlara kısa vadeli likidite imkânı sunarlar.

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Helal Lojistik

Author(s): Ahmet Fatih Tahiroğlu,Hanifi Murat Mutlu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Helal kavramının işletme yazınında kullanımı incelendiğinde, kavramının ağırlıklı olarak helal gıda boyutu ile ele alındığı ve çalışmaların helal gıda tüketimi ve ekonomisi, tüketim tercihleri, farklı tüketim kültürlerinin etkileri gibi konuların değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Oysaki helal kavramı kozmetikten, günlük tüketim eşyalarına, tıbbi malzemelerden hastane hizmetlerine ve çeşitli hizmet üretim süreçlerine kadar oldukça geniş bir perspektiften ele alınabilir. Helal gıda kavramı, sadece “haram” ya da yenmesine izin verilmeyen sınırların ötesinde değerlendirilmekte ve İslam dinine göre kirli (necis) olan maddelerle de karışmamış ya da bunlara bir şekilde bulaşmamış olması gerekmektedir (Kaya, 2015). Dolayısıyla helal kavramı çoğunlukla gıda ürünleri sınırları içerisinde düşünülmekle birlikte, ürünlerin üretim süreçleri, hammadde, yarı mamul ya da malzemelerin tedarik ve üretimlerinde, depolanması ve taşınma süreçlerini de içine alan bir yapıya dönüşmektedir. Bu nedenle herhangi bir ürünün tedarik zinciri ve lojistik iş süreçleri içerisinde maruz kalabileceği işlemler ürünlerin helal yapısına zarar verebilecektir. Helal sertifikalı ürünlerin %70’i Müslüman olmayan ama helal sertifikasına sahip tedarikçiler tarafından üretildiği ya da temin edilmekte olmasına (Salaam Gateway, 2021) ek olarak tedarik ağlarının küresel bir yapı içermesi nedeniyle lojistik faaliyetlerin kontrol ve izlenebilirliğinin zayıflamasının ürünlerin kirlenmesinde (helal yapısını bozucu durumlar) ciddi riskler yaratabileceği ifade edilebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma helal lojistik kavramına ilişkin temel bir literatür incelemesinin yanı sıra Malezya Helal Lojistik Standartlarının kısa bir açıklamasını yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Malezya helal sertifikasyon konusundan öncü ülkelerden olup yapmış olduğu sertifikasyonların uluslararası kuruluşlarca akreditasyonu kabul edilmektedir. Bunun yanında birçok Müslüman ülkenin helal sertifikasyonu temin eden kurumsal yapıları da yer almaktadır. Ancak bu çalışma Malezya örneğinin hem oldukça geniş bir helal pazara hizmet etmesi hem de uluslararası akreditasyonunun bulunması sebebiyle bu ülkedeki helal akreditasyon iş süreçlerine odaklanmaktadır.

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Sustainability and Islamic Accounting

Author(s): Harun Kısacık / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Businesses have an important function in the economic system in meeting the needs of society by producing and selling goods and services. Businesses that meet the society’s need for goods and services also become a source of income for the society by creating employment. Although businesses provide benefits to the society in meeting the needs and creating employment, the main purpose of individuals in establishing a business is to make profit. At the same time, it is important that the profit is sustainable. Because man, who was created as an eternal desirer by nature, always desires more and even the infinite. The limitations both in human and in the world are not enough to meet the unlimited desire of man. This desire for eternity in man is also a proof of the hereafter.

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