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How the 5C Framework Facilitates Corporate Change Initiatives: The Icelandair Case

Author(s): Svala Gudmundsdottir,Lara Johannsdottir,Throstur Olaf Sigurjonsson / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

When organizations transform their daily operations to improve quality, cut costs, increase earnings, streamline processes and so on, internal stakeholders, particularly employees, need to accept and implement the change initiatives, large or small (Naslund & Norrman, 2022), otherwise, innovation fails (Lozano, 2012). One pertinent tool is the 5C framework, that focuses on 1) companies and leadership commitment, 2) configuration of business elements such as the structure, principles, codes of conduct, 3) core business which differs depending on companies operations, 4) communication, both internal and external, and 5) continuous improvement (Johannsdottir & McInerney, 2018). The framework also emphasis the driving forces of actions, namely internal and external driving forces.

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Multi-Level and Multi-Stakeholder Governance in Essential Services. The Case of the Public Transport System in Madrid

Author(s): Javier Ruano,Aída Díaz-Tendero / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, public transport in large cities is facing multiple challenges worldwide due to increasing mobility needs and greater complexity. On the one hand, urban sprawl has led to a significant increase in travel between urban centres and their periphery, and between the periphery and suburban areas. The construction of new infrastructures to facilitate mobility and the traditional lack of adaptation of urban planning policies to urban transport policies has encouraged the use of private vehicles. However, the serious air pollution problems in cities, which cause millions of deaths annually worldwide, the problems of road congestion, the need for sustainable transport models that limit dependence on fossil fuels, and the need, evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, for healthy cities based on the design of open and shared spaces, make public transport systems a central element in building liveable cities.

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Public-Private Partnerships and Good Governance The case of Benidorm Tourist Foundation

Author(s): Reyes Herrero López,María Valasco González / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are a widespread and controversial phenomenon. In the last three decades they have gone from being just one more option in the toolbox of policy makers, to occupying a central place in government action, at all levels of government, in almost all sectors, and virtually in every country (Boardman, Greve & Hodge, 2015) (Bovaird, 2004). At the international level, a growing interest in PPPs has also been observed. International organizations of different kind have issued recommendations, guides and general frameworks to assist and support governments in the adoption of the governance model introduced by the PPPs. Thus, for example, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2008; 2012); or, for example, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2003; 2015; 2017).

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REGIONÁLNÍ ODOLNOST NA PŘÍKLADU FIREM ZPRACOVATELSKÉHO PRŮMYSLU VE STARÝCH PRŮMYSLOVÝCH REGIONECH ČESKA

Author(s): Lucie Kokešová,Simona Šťastná / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the regional resilience based on the example of companies in the manufacturing industry in old industrial regions in Czechia. The aim is to evaluate how companies responded to the situation caused by the Covid-19 and to identify the most significant strategies that contributed to the resilience of companies during the pandemic crisis. Research was carried out through the collection of primary data obtained from interviews with managers of companies. Qualitative content analysis was used for the data evaluation and interpretation technique. Empirical findings point to the fact that the Covid-19 pandemic had an effect on the supplier-customer ties of companies. Companies whose suppliers are located at the European or global level had to establish relationships with suppliers at lower hierarchical levels. Companies whose customers are located at the local/regional were forced to reduce the volume of regional production. Manifestations of the pandemic have shown, in particular, a reduction of production, a change in supplier-customer ties, or the dismissal of employees. Strategies of companies are the change of product characteristics, the use of warehouse stocks, the reduction of the distance of supply chains, safety measures for workers, online marketing and financial resources from support subsidy programs.

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AGGLOMERATION AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES AS A BASE FOR AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTER FORMATION IN THE NITRA REGION

Author(s): LUKÁŠ VARECHA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The automotive industry has been one of the major contributors to the growth of the Central and Eastern European economies. The paper aims to evaluate the potential of automotive cluster formation in the Nitra region based on spatial agglomeration of automotive industries and innovation activities performed by firms located in the Nitra region. We analyse relative and spatial concentration of automotive, including its suppliers. Analysis of the innovative activities was based on questionnaires/interviews with representatives of automotive companies. Results show that firms that are potentially part of the automotive industry are highly concentrated mainly in the northern part of the Nitra region, and its position has strengthened. LISA indicators show that the northern part of the Nitra region is part of a hot spot of high concentration of automotive. In the case of innovative activities, those were implemented mainly in cooperation with foreign organizations, not with Slovak organisations. In the case of foreign firms, these activities are carried out primarily in research and development centres of parent companies abroad and not in Slovakia. We conclude that the emerging cluster is still immature. It is in the initial stage of forming cooperation with public institutions and establishing cooperation between companies.

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ŠPECIFIKÁ CHEMICKÉHO PRIEMYSLU V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI

Author(s): Miroslava Trembošová,Nina Machová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The chemical industry has an important position within Slovakia. In 2022, total industrial production reached 10% of Slovakia's GDP, which according to Sario (2022) is 7.79 billion. €. On the territory of the Slovak Republic, it is concentrated exclusively in cities with a developed transport infrastructure. The aim of the paper is an idiographic analysis of the spatial relations of chemical industry subjects in the Nitra self-governing region with regard to selected localization factors, i.e. transport infrastructure, raw materials and settlements. In relation to the selected location factors, it is evident that all enterprises are located in cities, to a greater extent in mediumsized cities, near oil pipelines, gas pipelines and railway lines. Duslo a.s. is a leading chemical company of international importance. Among its most important partners are the advanced Western European countries of Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, as well as Russia. The war in Ukraine caused the termination of these relations and the transfer to other markets. According to the growth rate, the most important market is in the category of technical products with the Netherlands, France, Spain as well as Hungary. In rubber products, the highest export is to the Czech Republic and Belgium.

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VÝVOJ A PROGNÓZA POČTU PODNIKOV V REGIÓNOCH SLOVENSKA

Author(s): Milan Fila,Michal Levický / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The development of the number of enterprises is of great importance for economic growth, job creation, resistance to crises or productivity growth. The aim of the article is prediction and a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the number of enterprises in Slovakia and its regions. In addition to general theoretical scientific methods, we used time analysis methods. We forecasted the number of enterprises using a linear trend. We monitored the intensity of differences in the development of the number of enterprises in the regions of Slovakia through the coefficient of variation. The main results show that the number of enterprises in Slovakia has been growing for a long time. The largest part is made up of small and medium-sized enterprises, while most of them are long-term concentrated in the capital and the surrounding area. The remaining regions have been lagging behind for a long time, and the dynamics of business growth does not reach the level necessary to mitigate regional disparities compared to the Bratislava self-governing region. The least favorable situation is in the Prešov self-governing region, where in the last ten years the number of micro-enterprises has grown, while the growth of medium-sized enterprises has been significantly slower.

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UDRŽITELNOST A ZODPOVĚDNOST – NEZBYTNOST SOUČASNÉHO I BUDOUCÍHO CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU

Author(s): Iveta Hamarneh,Petr Jeřábek,Olga Soboleva / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Entities in tourism seek an economic, social, and environmental balance to satisfy investors, employees, and customers. However, the transformation toward sustainable tourism is accompanied by challenges. The submitted contribution aims to determine how companies in the field of tourism in the Czech Republic perceive content of the concept of sustainability and whether they implement or plan to include specific projects to support sustainability within their activities. The primary research was conducted in 2021-2022. Only half of the respondents correctly understand content of the concept of corporate social responsibility, and 63 % of respondents correctly understand the concept of sustainable business. The evaluation of the research hypotheses showed that understanding the content of the idea of sustainable business and awareness of the Green Deal for Europe is independent of the age of the respondents. The implementation of CSR activities is independent of the size of the company or the field in which the company operates. Specific sustainable activities implemented by companies in tourism include sorting waste, supporting local production, using gentle cleaning products, or implementing energy-saving technologies. The main obstacles to implementing sustainability strategies are financial and time demands, little information, and partial support from the state and the European Union.

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ANALÝZA ORGANIZAČNÝCH MODELOV ALTERNATÍVNYCH POTRAVINOVÝCH SIETÍ VO VIDIECKOMESTSKOM ROZHRANÍ

Author(s): Lucia Laginová,Jana Jarábková,Michal Hrivnák,Peter Moritz / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

With the growing interest in short food chains from farmers, consumers, private and public institutions around the world, it proves that it is necessary to look for alternative food systems which are able to provide some of the "requirements" that the traditional short food chain does not currently meet. Alternative food networks (AFN) are local food systems and networks with short supply chains replacing global food systems. They are often located at the interface between the countryside and the city and, as a result of the high effort towards innovative network organization, they have different forms. As the demand for locally sourced, sustainable food continues to grow, alternative food networks have emerged as a promising solution to connect small producers with urban consumers. The aim of the case study is to find out the organizational models of alternative food networks in Europe and to identify the specific parameters of these networks using case studies. Another goal of the study is to identify and describe food initiatives on the territory of the Slovak Republic based on available sources. To achieve these goals, it was necessary to conduct a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Content analysis has the task of mapping alternative food chains and proving that these chains can be a suitable way for short food chains. The findings show that alternative food networks have the potential to support a food system that is more sustainable and equitable. However, the success of these networks depends on how well they can work at the urban-rural interface.

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ANALÝZA SOCIÁLNÍHO PODNIKÁNÍ V JIHOMORAVSKÉM KRAJI

Author(s): Tereza LELKOVÁ,Tereza Děcká,Lucie Herbočková,Petr Tonev / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Research on the social economy shows that social entrepreneurship can be an important tool for balancing sustainable social and environmental development with economic growth. In recent years, therefore, social entrepreneurship has been gaining popularity among both socially (and environmentally) responsible entrepreneurs and policy-makers. The aim of the paper is twofold: firstly, to quantify, analyse and assess the scale and structure of social entrepreneurship in the South Moravian Region, and secondly, to highlight its importance in terms of sustainable local development. The database of social enterprises was created based on the analysis of the Social Enterprise Directory, the Social Enterprises Chamber and the list of beneficiaries of EU funding in the period 2014-2020, and a manual search. The identified entities are classified according to their legal form, number of employees, turnover, predominant economic activity and year of establishment. The positive impacts of social entrepreneurship on sustainable local development are then illustrated by case studies of two selected social enterprises. A total of 98 establishments of social enterprises were found. The economic activities are very diverse and cover almost all industries. The case studies suggest that social enterprises have great potential to become full-fledged actors of sustainable development at the local level.

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VLIV TEXTILNÍHO PRŮMYSLU NA POPULAČNÍ VÝVOJ VE VYBRANÝCH EVROPSKÝCH MĚSTECH

Author(s): Kateřina Důbravová,Michaela NEUMANNOVÁ,Josef Kunc / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses and discusses development trajectories of the textile industry in selected European cities where textiles have played a decisive role in influencing socio-economic and urban development as well as population changes. The British city of Manchester is recognized as the birthplace of cotton manufacturing in Europe and served as an example for building textile factories in other European cities that were later also called ʻManchesterʼ. The research paper identifies key moments of textile industry development in Manchester, Łódź and Brno. Case studies are linked by historical context, appropriate location, the importance of textile production in city development and population growth followed by depopulation of the core city. The results show that the textile industry has had a very significant impact on the cities analysed in terms of the economy, social environment and population changes. Both Manchester and Brno were identified as relatively successful in transition to modern post-industrial cities. In contrast, Łódź as a city almost completely dependent on a single industry is beginning to cope with the textile industry decline through brownfield regeneration and urban change, but very robust shrinkage in the cityʼs population size, which is also reflected in economic development, is still a major problem.

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SHARING ECONOMY IN TERMS OF ACCOMMODATION AND CATERING SERVICES (CASE STUDY)

Author(s): Juraj Tej,Roman Vavrek,Viera Papcunova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Also thanks to pandemic, the sharing economy has recently gained more and more space. The use of the digital platforms that are part of it are present in various market segments. The aim of the article is to find out the involvement of business entities operating in catering and accommodation services in the sharing economy on the basis of a questionnaire survey. At the same time, we tried to identify the positive and negative aspects of the sharing economy from the perspective of individual business entities. We also evaluated the view of these business entities on the use of Internet portal services (eg Bolt food, Wolt, Bistro, Booking, Trivago, etc.) during the pandemic period. The research, which took place in the time period January - February 2022, involved 85 business entities operating in catering and accommodation services from regional cities in Slovakia. The questionnaire survey showed that accommodation and catering facilities in regional cities perceive more positives of the sharing economy than negatives. Of the positives, they perceived the increase in ordes the most, the biggest negative was the increase in competition. The vast majority of businesses have been helped by Internet portals to mitigate the negative effects during the Covid - 19 pandemic.

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VLASTNICTVÍ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ PŮDY: ROZVOJOVÝ STIMUL, DĚDICTVÍ…PROSTŘEDEK SNÍŽENÍ NEGATIVNÍCH DOPADŮ KLIMATICKÉ ZMĚNY?

Author(s): Ondřej Konečný,Ondřej Šerý,Alice Kozumplíková,Mirjana Stanojević,Jakub Trojan,Jiří Lehejček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to reveal the meanings attached to agricultural land by its owners and municipal representatives. The way farmland is used influences how municipalities can reduce the negative impacts of climate change on their territory. Therefore, the paper seeks to further capture the motivations for farming by local owners and their connection to the environmental context. The research is based on personal questionnaire survey with landowners and interviews with municipal representatives in three model localities in the Czech Republic (Pohořelice, Valašsko-Kloboucko and Tišnov). According to the findings, the land is perceived as a valuable commodity, associated with heritage and tradition. From the point of view of local owners, it was associated with an investment, from the point of view of municipalities as a means of influencing the future direction of the municipality. The link between land ownership and environmental issues (e.g. the ability to influence the effects of climate change manifestations at the local level) was very weak.

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ALOKACE NEPŘÍMÉ PODPORY VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE V PODNICÍCH NA ÚROVNI ČESKÝCH OKRESŮ

Author(s): Vladimír Žítek,Viktorie Klímová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the spatial distribution of indirect support for research and development in the Czech Republic. This support has been provided to companies since 2005 and takes the form of deductions from the income tax base. The aim of the paper is to analyse the spatial allocation of indirect support for research and development in companies at the level of Czech districts. The analysis is based mainly on the total amount of support and the number of beneficiaries in the period 2014 to 2018, both at the level of absolute values and according to the relative values per capita. The presented results show the top 10 districts for each indicator. Furthermore, all regions are divided into five groups according to their deviation from the average. The results of the analysis revealed that in addition to the expected above-average position of Prague, Brno and Mladá Boleslav districts, companies located in the Moravian districts near the border with Slovakia play a relatively important role in the support system. In particular, the districts of the Ústí nad Labem and Karlovy Vary regions reached very poor values.

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KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE BUSINESS SERVICES KIBS AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC LEVEL: THE POSITION OF VISEGRAD REGIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Petr Hlaváček,Małgorzata Markowska,Elżbieta Sobczak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the results of the analysis of NUTS 2 regions with a focus on the regions of Visegrad countries. The aim is to assess the level of development of the regions in the area of Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) in relation to their economic level and position within the regions of the EU. The division of regions into groups was based on the clustering method, including Ward's method for determining the number of groups. Furthermore, the correlation between employment shares in KIBS and the level of economic development of the regions was examined. The resulting data confirms a statistically significant dependence between GDP per capita and the aggregate indicator of employment share in KIBS, especially in the sub-areas of knowledge market services and high-technology services.

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SÚ ZNALOSTNE-INTENZÍVNE PODNIKY NAOZAJ INOVATÍVNE A NÁROČNÉ NA ZNALOSTI?

Author(s): Michal Hrivnák,Peter Moritz / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Today, knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship is not only a scientifically researched but also practically used concept of entrepreneurship in sectors that have an increased demand for new knowledge and technologies. However, we still consider the low level of examination of the real innovation potential of companies from such classified sectors to be a gap in knowledge. The purpose of the empirical study is to examine the extent to which knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship in the category of small and medium-sized enterprises really contributes to the innovation performance of the economy, and whether their definition is based on relevant criteria. The conclusions point to a certain degree of practical fuzziness of the concept of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship, if it is based predominantly on the definition of knowledge-intensive activities based on the criterion of employing an increased share of employees with a university degree. Using the results of the Monitor of Innovation Activities of Knowledge-Intensive Activities in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, we did not prove the relationship between the innovation performance of knowledge-intensive SMEs and the volume of educated human capital in enterprises.

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SPECIFIKA PRŮMYSLOVÝCH FIREM V PERIFERNÍCH REGIONECH – PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE OKRESU JESENÍK

Author(s): Simona Šťastná,Lucie Kokešová,Jan Ženka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Peripheral regions are localities that are characterized by remoteness from core areas, which are usually metropolitan regions. The peripheral regions in developed countries are characterized by a low density of companies. The economic base of the companies in the peripheral regions are often based on traditional industries or industries dependent on natural resources. This work focuses on the development of the industry in the district Jeseník. The aim of the paper is to identify the trajectories of industrial development (‘path development’) in the peripheral region of the Czech Republic and their impact on local customer linkages of local industrial companies. We analyse whether the most important companies in the manufacturing industry are historically tied to local markets, or they are connected to foreign markets. From a methodological point it is the case study, which is based on the collection of secondary statistical data. We found that in district Jeseník there are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, which are stable in territory and embeddedness. The economic focus of the companies is the metal industry, mineral processing, and the textile industry. The most frequently identified trajectory of industrial development in the district Jeseník is the path extension. Foreign customer linkages were identified for traditional companies.

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HOSPODÁRENIE S MAJETKOM – PRIESTOR PRE VYROVNÁVANIE REGIONÁLNYCH ROZDIELOV?

Author(s): Elena Žárska / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The financial management of self-governing regions is often examined, but less so their property management. The aim of the paper is to analyze the situation in individual self-governing regions of the Slovak Republic in the time series of 15 years (2005 - 2019) and to identify differences in the method of financing and also in the efficiency of property management. To achieve the goal, two hypotheses were set: H1: The increase in property strength is achieved by increasing the region's debt and H2: The income effect from the region's assets increases with the reproductive power of the assets. The method property creditworthiness was used for the analysis. The results confirmed H1, stating that the source of asset growth is also debt growth (Žilina, Trnava, Prešov region), but several local authorities also significantly use other sources (Nitra, Košice, Trenčín). H2 was only partially confirmed – the regions increased the value of the property, but the income from it was not decisive. This indicates that they have built the infrastructure to provide entrusted services to citizens. The analysis also pointed to the phenomenon that the total value of assets per capita shows significant regional differences over the whole period

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MANAGEMENT A IMPLEMENTACE PROGRAMŮ ÚZEMNÍ SPOLUPRÁCE NA PŘÍKLADU ESÚS

Author(s): Jiří Dušek,Štěpán Kavan / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation (EGTCs) were set up to facilitate cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation between Member States or their regional and local authorities. EGTCs enable these partners to implement joint projects, share expertise and improve coordination of spatial planning. Unlike the older cooperation structures which governed cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation before 2007, the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation is a legal entity and as such, will enable regional and local authorities from different European states, to set up cooperation groupings with a legal personality. The contribution deals with an analysis of European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation, new form of cross-border cooperation in the European Union. The main objective of the submitted contribution is to analyse historical development of this cooperation between years 2008–2022, based on own research and study of relevant Committee of Regions documents (for example EGTC Monitoring Report). The assessment of the EGTC can be described as a comparative time and space analysis, because different units are being compared not just in time, but also from the point of view of their geographical location. The contribution discussed the growing relevance of the EGTC as instrument of regional development, uneven development in individual countries (Hungary, France, Slovakia x Scandinavia, the Baltic States, Great Britain and Ireland), terminological problems and validity of EGTC databases.

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KONVENČNÉ VS. ALTERNATÍVNE PREDAJNE POTRAVÍN: PERCEPCIA SPOTREBITEĽOV NA SLOVENSKU

Author(s): Petra Hencelová,František Križan,Kristína Bilková,Katarína Čuláková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the shopping behavior of consumers in Slovakia (n=1004) and their perceptions of products sold in large stores and farmers' markets. In search of specifics, we proceeded to consumer segmentation by gender and income. To test the hypotheses we used the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and KruskalWallis tests. Consumers choose large supermarket and hypermarket stores for the most frequent purchases of food and other daily consumer goods. According to consumer perceptions, these stores do not offer healthier and better quality food, but cheaper. Differences in such perception were not confirmed between men and women. The claim that supermarkets and hypermarkets offer healthier and better quality food depends on different income groups of consumers. Research shows that consumers 'perceptions of farmers' markets do not depend on gender and income. An exception is the statistically significant relationship between men and women and their perception that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than in regular shops. In general, consumers agree that products sold at farmers' markets are healthier and better quality than products in regular shops. At the same time, they disagree that products sold at farmers' markets are cheaper than products in regular shops.

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