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Grupy kapitałowe w przemyśle mięsnym notowane na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie
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Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
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This note examines how the concept of utility has led neo-classical economists astray. It first briefly reviews the thoughts of the early pioneers who have engaged these economists on the utility trail. It next scrutinizes the requirements imposed on the preference set of the consumer in view of extracting a utility function having anticipative properties. Then it shows how set theory can solve the dynamic exchange process and value determination without any need for a utility function.
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Family is an integral part of society in all cultures and time periods. Its mission is to raise the next generation, which will be able to continue and further develop knowledge and experience of the previous generation. The modern history of family entrepreneurship in Czech Republic restarted back in 1989, i.e., straight after the fall of the communist regime and restoration of the democratic system. People went into business with enthusiasm and the most successful ones among then now stand on the verge of generation handover. The literature review prepared using the desk-research method is mainly based on foreign professional sources – monographic publications, scientific articles published in professional magazines, accessed from Proquest, Web of Science, Ebsco, Scopus and some other databases. The objective of our quantitative research was to evaluate, based on parameter E (Experience), the generational representation of family members in relation to leadership and ownership of businesses. Quantitative research was based on the use of statistical and graphical data processing methods, including SPSS software, applied for the authors’ own empirical investigation based on the international methodology of family company review through the F-PEC scale, the Experience parameter (Astrachan et al., 2002). It was shown that accumulation of business experience in business families is still mainly concentrated on the founding generation of entrepreneurs. In the conclusion of the paper, deduction and generalisation methods have been applied.
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The current state of economic development and innovations’ support often brings small and medium enterprises (SMEs) at the forefront of government fiscal policy. Various policy measures targeted at SMEs’ support and development necessarily include measures on promotion of innovations within small business. However, despite substantial efforts undertaken by the authorities to increased financial injections into this area, development of innovations by small businesses faces many obstacles. Statistics on the registered small and medium enterprises shows that the sharp rise of entrepreneurship observed in the early 1990s changed for the stagnation towards the end of the decade and sluggish dynamics of the present time. Unfortunately, as practice shows, measures taken so far do not stimulate significant changes in the development of small business. Moreover, differentiation of small businesses between regions is only increasing, as it is manifested through substitution of divergence for convergence. Our paper analyzes the legal framework regulating small business development as well as state of innovations within SMEs so that to identify the main indicators contributing to sustainable regional economic growth.
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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań, których przedmiotem było 100 gospodarstw rolnych położonych na terenie powiatu przysuskiego (województwo mazowieckie). Zastosowano celowy dobór obiektów do badań spośród gospodarstw współpracujących z Mazowieckim Ośrodkiem Doradztwa Rolniczego. Oceny dokonano za pomocą podstawowych wskaźników finansowych, takich jak: dochód rolniczy brutto, dochód osobisty, parytet dochodu i struktura dochodu osobistego. Na ich podstawie dokonano analizy ekonomicznej czterech typów gospodarstw o różnych kierunkach produkcji. Podział badanych gospodarstw na grupy przeprowadzono w obrębie poszczególnych kryteriów oceny, którymi były kierunek produkcji, wielkość powierzchni gospodarstw, jakość gleb użytków rolnych i intensywność produkcji. Uzyskane wyniki wykazują, że takie czynniki jak większa powierzchnia gospodarstwa, jakość gleb i intensywność produkcji wpływały na ogół korzystnie na wartość wskaźników ekonomicznych. Wyjątek stanowiły dochód rolniczy brutto i dochód osobisty odniesione do 1 ha użytków rolnych, których najwyższe wartości osiągano w małych gospodarstwach, o powierzchni poniżej 7 ha użytków rolnych. Parytet dochodu osiągały gospodarstwa największe, o powierzchni powyżej 15 ha. (abstrakt oryginalny) The article presents the results of research, which was the subject of 100 farms located in the area of the Przysucha district (Masovian Voivodeship). There was a purposeful selection of objects for research from farms cooperating with the Mazowiecki Agricultural Advisory Centre. Assessments were made using basic financial ratios such as gross farm income, personal income, income parity, and personal income structure. Based on them, an economic analysis of four types of farms with different production directions was made. The breakdown of the surveyed holdings into groups was carried out within the different evaluation criteria, which was the production direction, farm size, farmland quality and production intensity. The results show that factors such as farm size, soil quality, and intensity of production generally affected the value of economic indicators. The exceptions were gross agricultural income and personal income related to 1 ha of farmland, the highest values of which were achieved in small farms of less than 7 ha of farmland. The income parity reached the largest farms with an area of over 15 ha.(original abstract)
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Firms’ Internationalization is a gradual and incremental process where firms concentrated in their home country and internationalized over a period. This research work has sought to find out the determinants of born-global firms in Nigeria. 121 copies of questionnaires were administered to selected companies in Nigeria, only 102 were returned. Only 64 firms met the criteria for classification as a born-global firm. Logistic regression was employed to analyse the data. The response rate is 84.30%.The result reveals that Enterprise Support Agencies (ESA) network and cultural proximity increase the probability of a Nigeria exporting MSMEs being a born global firm, but the technology level at which the firm does business, does not significantly increase the probability of a Nigeria exporting MSME being a born-global firm. It is recommended that the government should enhance the capacity of the enterprise development agencies as well as create more awareness about its operations
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A processing orientation concerns not only processes happening in large enterprises, but also processes in small organizations. The interest in a process approach among small enterprises has increased, but businessmen do not have the suitable knowledge to prepare and initiate the implementation of this management method. In present market conditions, there is the need for the competence development, the adjustment to changing environment and the search for potential for development. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine this issue. The article is aimed at presenting the possibility of applying a process approach in small organizations and showing difficulties which small businesses might face.
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Let a private ownership economy with a financial market be given. In this economy, innovations in Schumpeter’s sense of the term can be modeled by the use of the Arrow and Debreu topological apparatus. This set-up reveals the impact of the relationship between the financial and the real markets in the economy on innovation. The paper distinguishes and models innovations and different types of innovative mechanisms revealed within Schumpeterian evolution. Following Hurwicz’s approach to modeling economic mechanisms, the main results take the form of mathematical theorems interpreted in the language of economics.
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In recent years an intensive development in the field of new technologies has been observed in Poland. The level of computerisation and digitalisation is the defining factor in determining information society. Access to knowledge and information has an impact on the socio-economic development and competitiveness of the economy. Infrastructure ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), which includes: desktops, laptops, phones and Internet access, has become the working tool, source of information. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the accessibility and using of ICT in households. In the article the conditions of access to new technologies, the structure of users, duration of computers and Internet usage are considered. The choice of topic was connected with the belief that ICT are becoming a prerequisit for access to full participation in society.
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The main objective of this paper is to examine the influence of the EU cohesion policy in the years 2004–2015 on the innovation capacity of the Polish economy. It is found that while this policy positively influences the main macroeconomic indicators, it lacks effective impact on the innovation activity of Polish enterprises. The thesis formulated in the paper is that the main reason for unsatisfactory innovation results of big transfer of European structural funds is the transitional stage of economic development between the investment and innovation phases. The paper identifies the main internal barriers to this transition, identified on the basis of the institutional and endogenous economic theory. These are the following: a lack of institutional infrastructure appropriate for the knowledge economy, shortage of regulation transparency and permanent instability of enterprises’ institutional setting. Such barriers augment the investment risk and shorten their development strategy horizon. Other important barriers are the high transaction costs, immaturity of social capital (lack of trust in market ners), low quality of human capital, conservative development financing structure, disadvantages of EU structural funds allocation system, and the demand structure in the transition stage slowing down innovative capacity of enterprises. The main recommendation oriented at weakening the above barriers is the creation of the proper National Innovation System, assuring the effective interactions between 3 their main pillars: the research and education sector, enterprises, and the institutional system. Interactions between institutions, knowledge and technology create convenient conditions for the growth of creativity, which accelerates innovations on the micro, mezo and macroeconomic level.
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It show carried research, that it among polish enterprises smallest innovations activity exert small enterprises. Author thinks in article over reasons such phenomenon and it shows directions and methods of potential development micro and small enterprises for increasing their competitiveness.
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The increase in the accessibility of mortgage loans for physical persons causes real estate market prices to rise, due to the increase in demand for apartments and houses as well as the increase in demand for notary services, building materials and interior design. The growth in demand for real estate results in the growth of their supply. Furthermore, bigger real estate supply pushes the supply of building materials and workforce to rise as well. As a result of the decrease of unemployment in the economy, state resources that were supposed to be spent on allowance for the unemployed stay in the budget and, what’s more, state tax inflows also rise. Mortgage loans are inseparably linked with real estate market. These elements stay in close correlation.
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Theories of the regional development show that the intellectual capital is an important factor of the regions competitiveness. The main aim of the article is an evaluation of variation of factors determining the intellectual capital level of Polish regions. The paper has been shown that there is a statistically significant relation between the level of economic development of Polish regions and factors determining the value of intellectual capital.
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This paper analyses the extent to which aspects contributing to sustainable development are integrated at family farms level. The present research aims to inventory the state of family farms from the Nord Vest development region from Romania, to see how they can contribute to the sustainable development of the area. Another objective is to investigate the availability of the family farm to develop and to identify the variables that can influence this desire, given its role in the existence of the Romanian village. As it was noted from the literature review, family farms have different characteristics from one country to another and even from one area to another, thus requiring different approaches. The characteristics revealed at the level of family farms from the Nord Vest Region outline a low economic viability, which indicates a low probability of economic development in the absence of coherent policies to support them directly.
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The paper presents a production system in the Debreu model of general equilibrium. According to Schumpeter, economic development is possible only on the strength of innovations being introduced. This process provides a sequence of optimal production plans, corresponding to each stage of the innovative evolution. The paper characterises the sequence of optimal plans and provides the conditions for its convergence. Moreover, the limiting production plan is shown to be the producer’s optimum in the final state.
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The aim of this paper is to examine how age of the head of household affects the financial behavior of households in terms of indebtedness and over-indebtedness. The over-indebtedness was analyzed from two aspects – margin and debt service ratio indicators. The data from Household Budget Survey in 2011 conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland was used in the analyses. To achieve the main objective, selected measures of descriptive statistics and contingency tables were used. The research results confirm that in Poland credits were taken mainly by households of young people, which is consistent with assumptions of the life cycle hypothesis. Although these assumptions were not confirmed in the case of a problem with over-indebtedness.
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The aim of this paper is to show the diversity of Polish households’ financial behavior in terms of debt as well as an identification of households that are characterized by a high debt to income ratio. The article also attempt to assess the debt to income ratio as a measure of households over-indebtedness. To achieve the main objective, the cluster analysis method was used. Based on the households credits portfolio and the level of debt to income ratio, 11 homogeneous groups of households were generated. Five of them were characterized by a high debt to income ratio (>30%), which classify them as overindebted.
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The paper presents the concepts of indicators intended to organize objects described by many features of non-negative values on the same scale, i.e. ones whose values can be interpreted as components of a structure. The discussed measures can be used in information systems of both public institutions which observe structural changes and large corporations with extensive internal structures for reporting in Management Information Systems (MIS). The concept is illustrated by the changes that occur in the structure of farms in Poland against the background of the new EU Member States in the period 2003-2010.
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As it is well known, one of the most important forms of profit in trading companies is the gross margin. By its size it should be as such to cover total operating expenses (business costs) and to gain certain amount of profit for the needs of further development and growth of the trading company. It is one of the “critical factors of business success” in trading enterprises. Based on the comparative analysis, in this article we have explored the impact of the gross margin on the performance of trade enterprises in selected countries (United States, European Union, Russia, China, Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina), with special emphasis on Serbia. It was concluded that the gross margin of trade in Serbia is at a lower level compared to many western countries, as well as Russia, and China. It was at about the same level as in Croatia, but higher than in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. At a given level of gross margin profit increase can be primarily achieved by reducing operating costs by applying “new business model” in the trade of Serbia.
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The purpose of the research in this paper is to analyze the statistical expenditure of households on account of their economic activity. There were discussed the average expenditures on particular types of consumer goods and services, as well as the structure of expenditures of these household, according to the labor market status of the head of household (employed, inactive, unemployed). The study covered 2014 and the integrated dataset included 20,607 households in which the head of the household was 50 years or older.
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