Around the Bloc: Russia and Ukraine Locked in Gas-Related Court Battle
A four-year dispute over gas deliveries between Russian and Ukrainian energy giants ended in a court ruling on Wednesday, only to spark new disagreements.
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A four-year dispute over gas deliveries between Russian and Ukrainian energy giants ended in a court ruling on Wednesday, only to spark new disagreements.
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Populist premier plumps for greater state role in extracting the metal, a key ingredient in electric-car batteries.
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Goal of the contribution is to create universal model for evaluation of companies, acting in mining industry in Slovakia. Model is orientated to the companies, acting in mining industry in Slovakia and it consists from several logically relating steps. Also application of suggested process in chosen mining company is made as well as achieved results are mutually compared. Attention is given to the revenue methods with necessity of financial plan, as well as methods that do not demand knowledge of financial plan.
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This study investigates how oil price movements impact the main Eurozone industry supersectors returns. We use a multifactor market model in which we incorporate oil price changes as an additional risk factor. In order to account for possible breaks in the relationship, we use the Bai and Perron (1998, 2003) breakpoints identification methodology. We find evidence of the presence of structural instabilities on the relationship between sector stock returns and oil price changes. Different breakpoints are identified, particularly the 2003 Iraq invasion year, the 2008 subprime crisis and the 2012 Euro debt crisis. Moreover, our results prove that stock return sensitivities to oil prices are time varying and sector dependent. Besides, the subprime financial crisis appears to induce a significantly positive effect on the oil-stock market nexus. However, the Euro debt crisis has a mostly negative effect. The other identified breakpoints do not seem to have any significant effect on the oil stock market nexus.
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Nowadays budgetary funds still prevail among sources of financing of the projects in the area of increasing the energy efficiency of the regional economy in the Russian Federation. For example, in the Tver region in 2016, 82% of the projects for the modernization of the heat supply infrastructure and 100% for the modernization of the electricity supply infrastructure were implemented at the expense of the budget. At the same time, there is a decrease in the total amount of state financing of energy efficiency projects due to a high proportion of the budget deficit of the subjects of the Russian Federation. According to the agency ACRA (information dated April, 12, 2017 at www.acra-ratings.ru), 58 out of 85 regional budgets for 2017 were accepted with a total deficit of 193 billion rubles. At the same time, the urgency of applying organizational and financial mechanisms for the implementation of energy efficient projects involving alternative financing is growing. The article systematizes the views on the perspective mechanisms for implementing projects in the field of increasing the energy efficiency of the regional economy, including taking into account the analysis of problems of their application in the example of the Tver region. The authors studied existing organizational and financial mechanisms for energy-efficient projects, including public private and municipal private partnerships, and the Local Initiatives Support Program.
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The Сoncept for the development of gas transmission capacities was developed on the basis of mutual agreement between Bulgargas Ltd and Gazprom RAD in 1996 by eng. Ivan Peychev, Deputy Executive Director of Bulgargaz Ltd at that time and referring to the period 1996 - 2010 Beyond the authentic text are included the views of the author about the future developments of the processes. Besides being a historically authentic document to the concept, the author's views on the future development of the gas industry have been added, which reflects a series of socially significant processes and themes: ecology, diversification, international relations, policy making; participatory democracy, populism, etc. - all topics with which the postmodern world is heavily involved. The interest in this scientifically applied product is caused by the fact that it connects one of the most up-to-date topics of industrial sociology and, in particular, one of its branches - sociology of energetics with modern political processes. The gas industry has at this stage some of the most significant positive industrial consequences for mankind - air, heating, plants, the economy, etc.
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The hierarchical structure of the modern landscapes in Volyn’ region and in general inhabited landscapes was described. It was analyzed the dynamic of the area of the inhabited landscapes in the main places according to the use of natural resources. The schemes of maps of the inhabited landscapes in Volyn’ region was built. The zonal vision of the picture of the inhabited landscapes according to the natural conditions was investigated. The retrospective analysis of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the previous total experience gives the reason for the authors to consider that future landscape studying studios have an important practical meaning for the needs of the district planning and is one of the main ways of the regional investigations.
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The role of information technologies in the creative activity of students environment-designers of the Mykolayivs branch of Kyiv National university of culture and art is observed in the article. Factors of formation of the creative personality in the informative society through the aspect of morality, spirituality, humanity and with purpose of education of the responsibility for design activity products are reviewed.
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Campaign to protect UNESCO heritage area finds support in Sofia and cities throughout Bulgaria.
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Sándor Kerekes, professor at the Department of Environmental Economics and Technologies at Corvinus University of Budapest was conferred the title of Doctor Honoris Causa by the Warsaw School of Economics on 29 March 2012. What follows is the laudatio of Professor Kerekes by Professor Janina Jóxwiak, as well as Professor Kerekes’s speech, entitled ‘Fifty years of environmentalism’.
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The article deals with financial and economic meaning of bioenergy as an important component of the country’s energy security. The problem of transition to renewable energy sources, in particular biofuels, was investigated. The relevance of research is that biofuels can fully replace traditional energy resources, increase the level of economic efficiency of production and competitiveness of national economy, as well as reduce amount of harmful emissions into the environment. The purpose of research is to study and develop theoretical and practical principles of financial and economic development of bioenergy and its role in ensuring energy independence of Ukraine. In the context of financial and economic crisis and political instability, the development of bioenergy industry is of priority in dealing with main social and economic problems. One of the main aspects of bioenergy development is states’ concern and use of targeted state funding. Moreover, other perspective ways to implement bioenergy technologies in Ukraine are public private partnership and attraction of foreign direct investments. Economic assessment of different ways of full or partial replacement of natural gas has shown that they can be supplied with biomass, while the total capacity of introduced objects according to the bioenergy development program can save natural energy resources. According to the formula of the method of average medium, the forecast of optimistic and pessimistic scenario of energy potential development is developed. Energy independence of Ukraine can be ensured through effective implementation of alternative energy with full state support, which will lead to acceleration of economic development of the territories, increasing level of life of people and environmental security of the country.
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The world is incurring a large water deficit. Globally, demand for water has tripled over the last half century. With increasing trade between nations and continents, water is more frequently used to produce exported goods. This article discusses the various patterns of water use and points out at the possible consequences of water crisis and conflicts over the freshwater resources. At present, over seventy per cent of all water use is for irrigation, compared with 20% used by industry and 10% used for residential purposes. An increasing number of „water dependent” countries means that water scarcity has been not only local but global issue. There is a need to balance water supply and demand and to conduct sustainable water management policy worldwide. The other option is the risk of international conflict over water which in many regions of the world is real. Such conflicts are more probable between countries which rely heavily on the common, one source of freshwater (the case of Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and other East African countries which are dependent on the Nile River).
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The article discusses the recent trends on the world’s oil market and the most important consequences connected with the future oil scarcity. There is a danger that the world will be left some day without oil and with no other viable energy resources. According to the estimates of the International Energy Agency the so called “peak oil” may occur in 2020 and since that time the competition for oil and other raw materials will increase. However it is not peak oil production but peak oil exports the main problem. The fact is that since 2006 the global net exports of oil have already begun to decline at the rate of about 2,5% yearly. & ere is a need to start the explorations of the new oil fields in order to meet the rising demand for oil. Higher oil prices will create more opportunities to increase production of oil from the difficult oil fields such as those in the Arctic, Amazonia and Alaska. O n the other hand as world oil security measured in terms of the oil supply available on the global market deteriorates, individual oil producing countries may limit or even ban oil exports. Some countries will be tempted to start the exploitation of some oil fields, whose international status is still unregulated or nor precisely delimited as the recent conflict between the United Kingdom and Argentina confirms. All countries, both oil exporting and importing should not compete over oil resources with the help of military force, which would lead to the strategic resource wars. Rather the new mechanism for peaceful coordinating various initiatives focused on delivering energy security is needed. The problem is that the current global system is ill-designed for such a world without conflict driven by competition over resources and humans are still inherently a warlike species accustomed to resolve their conflicts with the use of military force.
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Russian multi-factorial strategic matrix method is a method of presenting the power of the State. The authors of the model are: N. Kondratiev, P. Sorokin, I. Prigogine. Research on the power of the states using this method are conduct by following Russian centres: Międzynarodowa Liga Zarządzania Strategicznego (MSLU), Instytut Strategii Gospodarczych (INES) i Międzynarodowa Akademia Badań nad Przyszłością (MAIB). Nine permanent factors determining power were selected: governance (management), territory, natural resources, population, economy, culture and religion, science and education, the army (armed forces), and foreign policy. It is a model that is used for the presentation and the prediction of the power of the states. Its advantage is the graphical presentation of the power, which gives one ability to compare the power of different states, as well as the same state in different historical periods.
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The saga of the miner’s troubled Oyu Tolgoi operation takes another twist.
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In the last decade, the subject of China-Africa relations provokes special attention on a global level in view of the new dimensions of Beijing’s involvement in the world. China is facing the challenge to adapt to new geopolitical and geoeconomic realities and the undertaken measures transform its approaches towards different regions. In the light of these trends, the paper explores the principal vectors of China’s cooperation with Africa with specific aim to compare it with the strategies of the EU.
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The State Forests National Forest Holding maintains its accounting records in accordance with the Ac-counting Act. The law prescribes the parameters and principles of valuation of individual assets and liabilities. Practice shows that forests – the greatest resource of State Forests – cannot be measured relia-bly in accordance with the provisions of the above-mentioned Act, which results in non-disclosure in the balance sheet of information about most of the forests. Only the land purchased or converted is measured and reported under the accounting system. The aim of the study is to carry out a theoretical consideration of the possibilities of using selected parameters and principles of forest land valuation, with a particular focus on forest in the strict sense, in the framework of national and international accounting regulations. The following hypothesis was adopted: the specificity of State Forests operations and the provisions of the Accounting Act call for changes in the classification of wooded areas so as to achieve an effective selection of parameters for valuation of individual components of woodland or to develop a National Accounting Standard dedicated to forest management. The hypothesis was verified positively in the section on the postulate to develop a National Accounting Standard – forestry.
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In the last millennium one of the most important changes in the natural environment of the Great Hungarian Plain was the process of river regulation. Although the Plain was formed by the alluvial deposits of two main rivers, the Danube and the Tisza, the former runs at the edge of the lowland, while the latter flows right through the middle of it. Consequently, the regulation of the Tisza and its tributaries had a much more widespread environmental impact. The process deserves a closer look from the point of view of historical ecology/environmental history. Regulation works initiated a dramatic change in the adaptation strategies of people living along the rivers.
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The population of the villages and market towns in the hilly areas of Hungary have countless ties to the forest. However, forest utilisation was restricted by regulations imposed by the state and the large estateowners. From the mid-18th century the extent to which serfs and cotters could use the forest and the services they were required to provide were regulated uniformly at the national level. Village people regularly violated the central rules and measures of the estate-owners for protection of the forest, in order to provide themselves with firewood, graze animals and sell timber. The peasant forest communities formed after the liberation of the serfs in 1848 were established on the basis of national laws, but local traditions and local economic interests also influenced their operation. The forest communities themselves regulated the management of the common forest assets and the share of the profits. Their functioning was characterized by internal autonomy and continuous collective control.
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