Energy: Can Greening Be Reconciled with Blacking?

Author(s): Lidia Puka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The EU’s new Member States have taken an active stance towards European energy-security mechanisms, such as the Regulation on the Security of Gas Supplies. On the overriding question of climate policy, however, they have often been reactive. In the opinion of many European environmentalists, Poland in 2012 “defied” European climate policy. It opposed the introduction of a binding obligation to raise the benchmark for average EU greenhouse gas emissions from 20% in 2020, to 30% by 2030 (as compared to the 1990 levels). And it refused to give political significance to the European Commission’s Communication “Energy Roadmap 2050,” which presented five strategies towards the low-carbon transition of European economies. This was viewed as indicative of Poland’s, and the new Members’, role as laggards. In reality, however, Poland’s actions were indicative of a broader split on the EU’s emerging energy policy.

ECOLOGIZATION OF ECONOMY AS A TOOL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, MITIGATION CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES AND PRECONDITION FOR INTEGRATION PROCESS TOWARD EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Sulejman Redžić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Climate changes have been taking their share in last 30 years all over the world. Loss of soil caused by frequent flooding and soil erosion has resulted in increasing number of hungry people left without roof over their heads. Lack of fresh water is considered to be key issue nowadays. Conventional energetic resources are being lowered daily. All those facts were confirmed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of our planet. Ecological crisis is getting worse every day without possibility to get out of it. This imposes emergent and effective ecologization of human society on global scale. First of all, it is necessary to conduct ecologization within economic sector, which is obligatory task to developed, less developed countries and especially to the countries going through socio-economic transition. All investments should be planned and analyzed on ecological basis, taking into account rules and laws of the European Union (EU). The investment is considered to be ecologically acceptable if it applies waste-less technologies with low energy input and products that are environmental friendly, whereby the Pollution Prevention should be a dominant approach. This relates especially to forestry and wood-industry which is basic economy sector in Western Balkan countries. Major cost savings could be done within this sector, which would cut down our needs after woods and new sources of fresh water. The most present questions in the Western Balkan countries, especially in BiH, questions that mainly correspond with serious environmental disturbances and climate changes, are those of hydro energetic sector. Without any kind of sever previous ecological study, there are being destroyed even last streams by construction of flow-through hydroelectric power plants, and building of high dams for large hydroelectric power plants. Some large and ecologically questionable investments are planned within Adriatic equator (territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Besides, there is yet to be solved route of Vc-corridor in its most delicate shares. Water is being re-directed from one watershed into another. Irreverence of both ecological laws and demands jeopardizes the biodiversity, specific habitats, especially endemic forms of life. This imposes need after more distinct stand of the EU toward all countries seeking to become its member on achieving and implementation of required ecological obligations in each aspect. In other words, there should not be new investment done unless there is a visible ecological base for it. Every single Euro has to be additionally „turned into green“. Likewise USAID (United States Agency for International Development) has done it through its after-war recovery programs in BiH achieving the outstanding results. As a first steps in achieving of sustainability is ecologization of educational system.

Актуално състояние на българската енергетика и стратегическата роля на ядрената енергия

Author(s): Ivan Hinovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

It is presented the actual status of the generation structure of Bulgarian power industry with accent to the contribution of nuclear energy to keep the security and sustainability of the national electrical grid operation, as well as its advantages proposing one of the best economically viable option for investments in this branch. Two of the most discussable investment projects for new nuclear builds are discussed. Different scenarios and variants for future development of this industry are considered including the new conditions and circumstances giving impact and determining the future of these projects. Internal and external factors creating posi tive economical and political conditions for the development of these technologies are reviewed. An algorithm of actions and management decisions for successful implementation of new nuclear builds in order to maintain the key role of this branch for the energy security is proposed. It is proposed in the tender documentation to be included few principal requirements to the equipment suppliers, as well as clear and grounded binding engagements.

Understanding Climate Risks: A Banking Perspective

Author(s): Panagiotis Mavridis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Climate change effects on financial assets, either from natural disasters or shifts in policy and technology, can no longer be disregarded. Despite the fact that most countries have committed to the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, the great majority of private and public financial capital is still being allocated to economic activities that are deviating from this direction or worse in some cases are in opposition to those goals. How much of a risk does this discrepancy pose for financial institutions and in particular, for financial stability? This paper aims at presenting key points on a banking perspective of climate risks.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN SOUTH MORAVIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPE FUNCTION AND THE PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND RESOURCES

Author(s): Marek Havliček,Hana Skokanová,Bořivoj Šarapatka,Renata Pavelková,Patrik Netopil / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on identification of rare landscape structures in model areas of South Moravia with traces of traditional and regionally conditioned ways of farming, assessment of their significance in the protection of agricultural land resources, environmental protection, and provision of eco-system services. The potential of future use of these areas, the possible sustenance of traditional ways of farming, or the possible renewal of extinct landscape structures are other key topics of the paper. The aim of the paper is to find the answers to the following research questions: What are the surviving rare historical landscape structures in the model areas with respect to the categories of land use, how are they being currently managed? How are the surviving historical landscape structures in the model areas protected in the view of the environmental and landscape protection? What are the options of renewal of historical landscape structures?

СЪЗИДАТЕЛНОТО РАЗРУШЕНИЕ В ПРОЦЕСА НА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКО РАЗВИТИЕ

Author(s): Julia Dobreva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

Author(s): Yanica Dimitrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report examines the theoretical connection between innovation and CSR and their opportunities for development in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of the Republic of Bulgaria. Based on the results of an empirical study among 300 SMEs implementing innovations in our country, opportunities for the development and implementation of innovations in CSR are outlined, which will increase the competitive performance of the Black Sea region.

ВЯТЪРНИТЕ ГЕНЕРАТОРИ, КАТО ОБЕКТ НА ОЦЕНКА

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The peculiarity of wind generators as an object of evaluation is that they are a complex system - equipment that has separate elements that can be subject to self- assessment, as well as the fact that the wind generator that produces electricity together with service equipment can be considered and evaluates as a business, through the approaches and methods used in the valuation of commercial enterprises. The second important feature is that the installed and operated wind generator are permanently connected to the ground through their foundations and are essentially immovable facilities. The necessary documents under the Spatial Development Act are being developed for it and construction and installation activities are being carried out. Therefore, in their assessment as an active object, two appraisal competencies are required - an independent real estate appraiser and an independent appraiser of machinery and equipment. When evaluating a wind generator or wind farm, an independent appraiser of commercial enterprises and receivables may be involved as an independent business.

ЗЕЛЕНАТА СДЕЛКА И ПРОБЛЕМИТЕ В ТРАНСПОРТНОТО ОБСЛУЖВАНЕ

Author(s): Nikolina Belcheva Dragneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

European legislation enables and encourages member states to implement projects, referring to Art.7 of Directive (EU) 2019/944 of the European Parliament - The Green Deal. In transport, the aim is to reduce emissions in the sector by 90%, to which all modes of transport must contribute. The green transformation of transport is directly related to the production and introduction of sustainable alternative fuels and intelligent traffic systems. The digitalisation in the transport sector and the opportunities provided by dynamically evolving technologies lead to an increase in the quality of transport services as well as to the overall improvement of environmental and economic indicators.

ЧЕРНО МОРЕ КАТО ИЗТОЧНИК НА СЛАДКА ВОДА

Author(s): Polina Gradinarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Desalination of seawater is already a fact. In the 21st century, the main goal is the extraction and production of fresh drinking water. In this summary we will consider the different methods for its desalination. As the main method we will consider the reverse osmosis. The types of membranes and their role now and in the future.

АЛГОРИТЪМ ЗА ТЕЛЕМАТИЧЕН МОНИТОРИНГ НА ЕЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИ АВТОМОБИЛИ

Author(s): Kristian Ventsislavov,Kamen Seymenliyski,Silvija Letskovska,Stoianka Mollova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the general principle of operation of a specific author's algorithm, which is implemented in a real working telematics system for electric cars.

ETICKÝ MANAGEMENT V REGIONÁLNÍM A KORPORÁTNÍM VODÁRENSTVÍ V ČR

Author(s): Jiří Nesiba,Josef Smolík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the issue of water management in the Czech Republic. Based on research, authors compare two management concepts with sight to the ownership of the water company. In some cases, water companies are owned and managed by regional self-government (ideal type of regional public water sector) and for others examples water companies are owned by private sector (ideal type international corporate water sector). The paper compares both approaches in the Czech water sectors by the methods of ethical management and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). Therefore, beyond the scope of the law, how both types of management implement ethical instruments effectively in managing strategic material. The contribution explains the specifics of the Czech water development in the last twenty years and examines the situation in 2018/19. In the research, authors compared the water sector in 63 regional and district towns and according to three categories – economic (division of financial gain), CSR (code of conduct, social initiatives) and management quality (strategical planning). The article presents the results of their research. At the end of thesis they make recommendations for public administration how to implement more effectively the ethical management of water supply in the Czech Republic.

Koşullu Değişen Varyans Modeli ile Elektrik Tüketim Miktarının Tahmini

Author(s): Savaş Tarkun / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Electricity is a type of energy that plays an essential role in sustainable life and has a very high added value in various sectors. Electricity is one of the most critical actors in economic prosperity and growth, as it has strategic importance in socio-economic development. This type of energy, which cannot be stored due to its nature and must be consumed as soon as it is produced, has always been up to date in electricity demand forecasting studies since it is integrated with all aspects of economic development. At the same time, a single model does not always give accurate forecasts. In the study, the volatility of the electricity consumption amount for the period 2007:01 - 2020:12 was tried to be determined with the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model. The ARCH effect determines the electricity demand variable during the study period. This result caused the error term to lose its constant variance feature due to the significant increase or decrease in the electricity demand series. Therefore, this result shows a symmetrical effect on electricity demand. In other words, the ARCH (1) model shows that positive and negative shocks are related to the squares of prior period shocks, and volatility is affected by this relationship similarly. The study model calculated the ARCH coefficient as (0.55). Due to seasonal effects, it has been concluded that the duration of the volatility will not be very long, but it causes volatility.

Türkiye’de Küreselleşme, Finansallaşma ve Çevre Etkileşimi

Author(s): Yunus Emre Karaca,Mustafa Naimoğlu,Ahmet Melik Sahabi / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In 1990-2018, the Turkish economy has higher annual growth rates than the world in terms of annual average GDP, financial development, population, exports, fossil fuel use, and CO2 emissions. While this situation makes the Turkish economy an important economy for the increase of the global economy, it also makes it an important country for reducing global environmental degradation. Therefore, in this study, the effect of financial development and globalization on ecological footprint, which is an important indicator of environmental quality in Turkey, is investigated. For this, the variables of financial development, globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, and ecological footprint were used as annual data for the period 1990-2018. The stationarity of the variables was investigated with standard-ADF and Fourier-ADF tests. The cointegration relationship between the variables was tested with the Fourier Engle-Granger cointegration test, which has been introduced to the literature in recent years. FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimators were used for long-term coefficient estimation. According to the research findings, it has been seen that globalization is a more effective tool than financial development in reducing the ecological footprint. For this reason, globalization offers very important opportunities for the solution of environmental problems in Turkey.

Deprem Sonrası Çevre Kirliliğini Önlemek: Geçici Depolama Alanları

Author(s): Nazlı Nisa Güney,Berfin Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Deprem jeolojik bir doğal afettir. Depremin büyüklüğü, kırılan fay uzunluğunun ortaya çıkardığı enerji ile ifade edilirken, deprem sonucunda meydana gelen can ve mal kayıpları, yapısal hasarlar gibi unsurlar ise oluşan depremin şiddetini belirler (Ergünay, 2009). Ülkemizde, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık ve Elbistan merkezli büyüklükleri sırasıyla 7,8 ve 7,6 olan yıkıcı depremler yaşanmıştır (ODTÜ, 2023). Depremin meydana geldiği merkez bölgelerde 11’ e kadar ulaşan deprem şiddeti, Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Malatya, Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Adana, Kilis, Diyarbakır, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa şehirlerinde binlerce yapı enkazı oluşmasına neden olmuştur (AFAD, 2023). Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı yaptığı incelemeler sonucunda, yıkılmış ve ağır hasarlı yapı sayısının 164 bin 321 olduğunu tespit etmiştir (URL-1).

The revitalisation of the Silk Road: Theoretical Challenges and Policy implications

Author(s): Canan Çetin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Considered as the ‘Heartland of the World’ by Mackinder, Central Asia has an essential influence on the power dynamics of the world. With the advantage of the revitalisation of the ancient Silk Road, Russia, United States of America, European Union, China and Turkey have different outcomes with their policy implications on the framework of complex interdependency. Due to the different bargaining powers, vulnerabilities and purposes of the states, each power has focused on the region in a different way. So, this paper aims to analyse the power dynamics on the region via revitalisation of the Silk Road on the concept of complex interdependency. Within the selected articles and journals, literature reviews for the theoretical framework and policy papers for the policy implications is used to deepen the analysis. To do so, the complex interdependency model will be analysed under three different aspects to explain its policy implications on the region, such as economic dimension, energy security section and human rights and democratization issues.

Yenilikçi Finansman Yöntemlerinden Yeşil Tahvillerin Gelişimi

Author(s): Burak Büyükoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Yeşil tahviller günümüzün gelişen ve bu gelişmeye bağlı olarak birçok çevre ve enerji sorununu da beraberinde getiren dünyamızda yerini alan yeni bir finansal araçtır. Yeşil tahviller, iklim değişimi, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, enerji verimliliği, bio çeşitlilik ve düşük karbon gibi çevreye fayda sağlayan birçok projeyi finanse etmek için, finansal sistem içerisindeki sabit getirili borçlanma senetlerini ifade etmektedir. Yeşil tahviller ile geleneksel tahvillerin kullanım amaçları dışında farklılıkları bulunmamaktadır. Yeşil tahviller, çevreye fayda sağlayacak olan projelerin istikrarlı ve sürdürülebilir olmaları için uzun vadeli bir finansman yatırımı olarak kabul edilmektedir (Park, vd. 2020:2).

The green economy – upgrading the concept of sustainable development

Author(s): Tsvetan Iliev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article examines the problems posed by changes in the components of the natural factor to social and economic development. They are the focus of researchers from different countries, governments and international organizations, especially after the middle of the 20th century. This is evidenced by the analyses and program documents developed by various organisations, which highlight the main aspects of intervention and regulations in the field of environmental protection with all its components. In this sense, the purpose of the development is to review the concept of sustainable development and the changes that have occurred in it in the direction of focusing attention on the environmentally friendly aspects of economic behavior on a global scale. The object of the research is the concept of sustainable development and the subject – its transformation towards establishing a “green” economy with a view to preventing the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

ИНОВАТИВНО И УСТОЙЧИВО ПРОИЗВОДСТВО НА ПРОТЕИНОВИ КОНЦЕНТРАТИ ОТ ЖЪЛТ ГРАХ

Author(s): Ivelina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

ОПОЛЗОТВОРЯВАНЕ НА ОТПАДЪЦИ ОТ НАР – НЯКОИ СЪВРЕМЕННИ АСПЕКТИ

Author(s): Vanya Zhivkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the paper was to present some current aspects related to the utilization of pomegranate waste. The search for ways and the development of various strategies for the effective management of agricultural waste, including pomegranate waste, is among the promising environmental directions. The research of scientific literature carried out in this paper gives reason to conclude that the utilization of pomegranate waste is an actual and promising modern scientific direction in which intensive research is carried out, such as the development of adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, or the use of various methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds from these wastes.