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Energetické vztahy EU a Írán: příležitosti a překážky pro dodávky zemního plynu

Author(s): Lukáš Tichý / Language(s): Czech

Írán s největšími zásobami zemního plynu na světě představuje alternativního dodavatele plynu do zemí EU, která je jedním z největších spotřebitelů energie. Pro export plynu z Íránu do EU pomocí plynovodů či ve formě LNG zatím existují překážky technického, ekonomického, energetického, politického, regionálního a bezpečnostního charakteru. Po roce 2025 by pak Írán do zemí EU, včetně ČR, mohl postupně dodávat desítky miliard metrů krychlových plynu pomocí tankerů ve formě LNG. Evropská unie by si měla vymezit svoje priority energetické strategie pro dodávky plynu a posílit v tomto směru energetické vztahy s Íránem. Podobně ČR a země V4 by měly usilovat o zlepšení energetické spolupráce s Íránem.

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№229. The EU should not shy away from setting CO2-related targets for transport

Author(s): Christian Egenhofer / Language(s): English

Transport is the only sector in the EU where green house gas emissions continue to rise. Unless thistrend can be reversed, the EU will have little chance of reaching its objectives in the context of global obligations on industrialised countries to reduce their emissions between 80% and 95% by 2050 compared to 1990. Many different solutions exist, including, for example, new technology such as electrification of road transport, modal shift, optimising existing technologies and policy measures and more radical measures such as binding GHG emissions targets. While there is some merit to all of these approaches, this Policy Brief argues that current EU policy thinking is not (yet) bold enough to credibly tackle the GHG emissions challenge from transport.

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№254. How should support for climate-friendly technologies be designed?

Author(s): Christine Fischer,Asbjørn Torvanger,M.K. Shrivastava,Thomas Sterner,P. Stigson / Language(s): English

The first principle for guiding the design of clean technology policies is not to pick technology winners, but rather to pick winning technology policies. Many studies analyse the technological options for achieving deep reductions in green house gas (GHG) emissions. Economists who model climate policies, on the other hand, tend to focus on cost-effective solutions, but often with less technological detail. All models have difficulties in incorporating realistic representations of technological change, uncertainties, barriers and non-market-based policies. Energy projections are difficult for proven technologies, and even trickier for emerging ones.

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№261. Time for a Common European Effort on Raw Materials

Author(s): Roderick Kefferpütz / Language(s): English

At long last commodity prices have declined from their pre-summer highs. Many raw materials are now trading at significantly lower prices, giving temporary respite to industry. Red-hot copper, the bell wether of the metals sector, for example, has pulled back from its peak of $10,000 a tonne. Even the astronomical rise of the previously little-known rare earth elements has reversed.

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№262. Sector-specific Activities as the Driving Force towards a Low-Carbon Economy. From the Asia-Pacific Partnership to a Global Partnership

Author(s): Noriko Fujiwara / Language(s): English

From 2006 to 2011, the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP) provided a non-legally binding framework based on a public–private partnership to support projects towards clean development and climate objectives in seven countries in the region. Three of the eight sectoral APP task forces (on power generation and transmission, cement and steel) are to continue their activities under the Global Superior Energy Performance partnership (GSEP), with a stronger focus on energy efficiency and environmental performance, and participation expanded to the global scale. This decision was based on the official view that the APP activities were successful and could lead to other successes in similar initiatives with similar working formats.

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№264. Renewables and the EU Internal Electricity Market. The case for an arranged marriage

Author(s): Jonas Teusch / Language(s): English

This Policy Brief argues that pursuing there newables objective could contribute to the completion of the internal electricity market, help overcome opposition to transmission projects and decrease the market power of incumbents. Conversely, an integrated internal electricity market means less price volatility inspecific regional markets, which allows for more efficient deployment and grid integration of renewables.

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№296. Deploying the Energy Incentive: Reinforcing EU Integration in South-East Europe

Author(s): Alan Riley / Language(s): English

This Policy Brief urges the European Union to consider reinforcing the Energy Community by further Europeanising the Energy Community Treaty. It argues that the level of dysfunctionality with respect to the rule of law and corruption will make it very hard to establish a pathway for accession for most Balkan states. However, the demand across the region for a sustainable, competitive and stable energy sector creates an ‘energy incentive’ that the Union can leverage to improve the rule of law and adherence to European rules.

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Post Durban: Moving to a fragmented carbon market world?

Author(s): Andrei Marcu / Language(s): English

The agreements recently struck during the COP 17 global climate change negotiations in Durban, South Africa, from November 29th to December 9th, bring us to a new crossroads.

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The Russian factor in Moldova’s Energy Insecurity

Author(s): Denis Cenusa / Language(s): English

A Moldova still struggles to overcome the various handicaps in its energy sector. The de-politicization of the regulatory agency, diversification of supply, and Russia’s monopolistic position, combine to maintain serious distortions in the energy sector and develop new ones. Fully-fledged, top-down liberalization of the energy market remains elusive, hurting the competitiveness of industry and conditions for the final consumer.

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The consequences of Moldovan oilmen's "flirtation" with political decision makers

Author(s): Ion Muntean / Language(s): English

The interference of political decision-makers in the process of setting fuel prices is a very visible practice, being acknowledged by the representatives of some oil companies operating in the Republic of Moldova. As a result, the stable and predictable market development framework is compromised and the prospect of rooting competitive principles becomes even more distant. In the first 2 months of 2021, the price of petroleum products experienced an increase that was reflected differently on the Moldovan market compared to the same evolution on the Romanian market, where most quantities of petroleum products come from. Over 65% of the market is held by 6 companies, and over 80% of the import of A95 petrol is controlled by only 3 companies.

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Визначення рівня енергетичної безпеки України

Author(s): O. M. Sukhodolya,Yurii M. Kharazishvili,D. G. Bobro,G. L. Ryabtsev,S. P. Zavgorodnya / Language(s): Ukrainian

The analytical report identifies the scope and subject of energy security in terms of a systems approach. The method of determination is given, a set of indicators for assessing the level of energy security, their target and threshold values ​​are formed. Calculations of the level of energy security as of 2020 have been made. Recommendations were given to the executive authorities on the application of the methodology for assessing the level of energy security and threat assessment in the system of energy and national security. // Designed for experts, scientists, specialists in the fields of energy, economics, national security, government entities, energy market actors, representatives of public organizations, as well as anyone interested in energy security. The study will be useful in the formation of energy policy, strategic planning in the field of energy security, sound choice of policy instruments aimed at realizing the national interests of Ukraine.

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Доступність енергії для населення: проблеми та перспективи

Author(s): S. P. Zavgorodnya / Language(s): Ukrainian

The problems of ensuring the availability of energy for the population, which is one of the most important aspects of achieving the Goal "Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy sources for all" among the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. Given the European integration vector of development of our country, the current trends in ensuring the availability of energy for the population in the EU member states and Ukraine are analyzed. The institutional features of identifying and combating energy poverty in EU member states, key issues of implementation of EU legislation and implementation of foreign experience in Ukraine to ensure access to energy for the population are identified. // Designed for experts, scientists, specialists in the fields of public administration, economics, social development and national security, civil servants, representatives of public organizations and anyone interested in ensuring access to energy for the population and combating energy poverty.

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Ispod reaktora

Author(s): Saša Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Njih dvojica pripadaju Generaciji Z. Rođeni su četvrt veka posle havarije u „Memorijalnoj elektrani Vladimir Iljič Lenjin“, koja će u sećanju sveta ostati označena kao Černobiljska katastrofa. U radijusu od 30 kilometara, neposredno nakon eksplozije, formirana je Zona isključenja – zona smrtonosne opasnosti od radijacije po živi svet. U vreme njihovog rođenja, dotrajavao je stari sarkofag kojim je bio zaštićen havarisani reaktor br. 4 i otpočela je gradnja nove zaštitne kupole u visini od 100 metara koja bi trebalo da ovo mesto, na kome još ima radioaktivnog plutonijuma, obezbedi za narednih sto godina. Ipak, nuklearna elektrana u Černobilju nije tek tako prestala da postoji. Na reaktoru br. 2 izbio je požar 1991, posle čega je on zauvek isključen. Reaktor br. 1 prestao je sa radom 1996, dok je reaktor br. 3. tek 2000. godine isključio Leonid Kučma, tadašnji predsednik Ukrajine. Posledice nuklearne katastrofe neposredno je osetilo preko 5 miliona ljudi, pre svega onih u Ukrajini i Belorusiji, ali i u Centralnoj i Jugoistočnoj Evropi. Svakako i u današnjoj Rusiji, ali do tih podataka je teško doći.

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Južni tok i Ukrajina

Author(s): Vladimir Gligorov / Language(s): Serbian

Problemi koje Evropska komisija ima sa Gaspromom i drugima koji ulažu u Južni tok su isključivo komercijalne prirode. Pod komercijalnim mislim na trgovačke interese na strani investitora i trgovačke politike na strani regulatora, dakle Komisije. Nikakvi geostrateški ciljevi, šta god da je to, ne igraju nikakvu ulogu.

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Naftaši smanjuju proizvodnju

Author(s): Dimitrije Boarov / Language(s): Serbian

Krajem prošle sedmice, pod dirigentskom palicom američkog predsednika Donalda Trampa, postignut je dogovor Saudijske Arabije i Ruske Federacije, u okviru takozvane grupacije izvoznika sirove nafte „OPEK plus“ (koji okuplja 22 države), da se zbog smanjenja tražnje za naftom na svetskom tržištu izazvanog pandemijom korona virusa, obori dnevna ponuda za 9,7 miliona barela (oko 10 odsto), te tako zaustavi sunovrat cena ovog energenta.

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Національна безпека і оборона, № 135 (2012 - 06)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Ukrainian

ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING OF UKRAINE: STATE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT // SECTION 1. UNITED ENERGY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS // UES of Ukraine: TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS // IMPLEMENTATION OF EU DOCUMENTS BY UKRAINE // MAIN ELECTRIC NETWORKS OF UKRAINE // SECTION 2. ELECTRICITY MARKET IN UKRAINE: STATE AND PROBLEMS // DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION: POSITIONS OF CITIZENS // SECTION 3. PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRIC INDUSTRY: TRENDS AND PROBLEMS // IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY STRATEGIES OF UKRAINE, ENERGY MARKET REFORM: PUBLIC VIEW // OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF MAIN SUPPLYIERS (DISTRIBUTORS) AND GENERATING COMPANIES TES // SECTION 4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS // REFORM OF THE ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR OF UKRAINE: STATE AND PROSPECTS

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National Security & Defence, № 150 (2015- 01)

Author(s): Iv. P. Plachkov,Svitlana Holikova,Andriy Perevertayev,Ihor Karp,O. M. Sukhodolya,Volodymyr Mamalyha,Oleksandr Dombrovskyi,Gennady Ryabtsev / Language(s): English

SECURITY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, COMPETITION // 1. ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE: TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS // 1.1. Political and Economic Aspects of NES 2020 Tasks Implementation. Foreign and Domestic Threats to Ukrainian Energy Security // 1.1.1. Global Tendencies in Energy Industry // 1.1.2. Priority of Energy Security Issue // 1.1.3. Energy Security Formula // 1.2. Ukrainian Energy Industry: Between Russia and EU // 1.2.1. Influence of Russia’s Energy Strategy and Policy on Energy Security of Ukraine // 1.2.2. Strategic Course of Ukraine // 1.2.3. Energy Mix // 1.2.4. Energy Sector Vulnerability Zones // 1.3. Target and Functional Tasks, Priorities // 1.3.1. Functional Tasks // 1.3.2. Target Tasks // 1.3.3. Continued Focus Priorities // 1.4. General Economic Conditions for Successful Energy Industry Reform // 2. SECTORAL PROBLEMS // 2.1. GDP Energy Intensity // 2.2. Primary Energy Resources (Gas, Oil, Coal) // 2.2.1. Gas Sector // 2.2.2. Oil Sector // 2.2.3. Coal Sector // 2.3. Electric Power Industry // 2.4. RES Potential // 3. PREDICTIVE ENERGY BALANCE. BASELINE SCENARIO // 4. ENERGY NETWORK INTEGRATION THROUGH COOPERATION WITH EU // 5. FUNCTIONAL AND SECTORAL TASKS OF NES 2020. ACTION PLAN // 5.1. Creating an Energy-Efficient Society // Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency // А. For the Society in General // B. For Industry // C. For Private Households // D. For Public and Commercial Buildings // E. For District Heating Systems // The publication is supported by the Government of Sweden // RES Development // Fundamental Algorithm of Movement and Legal Basis // 5.2. Ensuring Energy Self-Sufficiency // 5.3. Optimisation of Balance of Natural Gas Consumption // 5.4. Implementation Algorithms // Legal Basis // Gas Sector // Nuclear Power Complex

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National Security & Defence, № 006 (2000 - 06)

Author(s): Volodimir Sidenko,Inna Bohoslovska,Rostyslav Pavlenko,Valentyn Badrak,Veniamin Kramer,Volodymyr Sparykin / Language(s): English

UKRAINE ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS // 1. THE CURRENT STATE OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE // 2. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE // 3. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE'S EXPORT POTENTIAL: AN EXPERT VIEW // UKRAINE'S EXPORT POTENTIAL: THE PRIORITIES OF INTEGRATION // CHANGES ON THE WORLD ALUMINIUM MARKET: UKRAINE'S PROSPECTS UKRAINE ON THE WORLD ARMS MARKET // EXPORT OF UKRAINIAN SCRAP METAL: THE EXPERIENCE OF STATE REGULATION // UKRAINE - IRAQ: TO TRADE, OR NOT TO TRADE?

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National Security & Defence, № 049 (2004 - 01)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

UKRAINE’S GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: READY FOR CO
OPERATION? // 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL GAS TRANSPORTATION CONSORTIUM ON THE BASIS OF UKRAINE’S GTS: THE INTERESTS AND POSITIONS OF THE CONCERNED PARTIES // 2. WAYS, FORMS AND METHODS OF ENHANCEMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UKRAINE’S GTS: THE PROBLEM OF CHOICE // 3. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERTS ON ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL GAS TRANSPORTATION CONSORTIUM IN UKRAINE THE TRANSFER OF THE GTS INTO MANAGEMENT BY THE CONSORTIUM IS NOT JUSTIFIED ECONOMICALLY // SEVERAL MODELS OF THE CONSORTIUM: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES // ABILITY SHOULD BE DEMONSTRATED TO THE PUBLIC AND PARTNERS // TRANSPARENCY, COMPETITION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF SUPPLIES WILL HELP UKRAINE ACHIEVE ENERGY INDEPENDENCE // CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW GAS PIPELINE IS THE MAIN DIRECTION OF INTERNATIONAL CO
OPERATION // THE PRE
INVESTMENT STAGE OF THE PROJECT IS UNDERWAY // THE OPTION THAT GUARANTEES THE MOST WORKING PLACES AND THE HIGHEST PROFIT FOR UKRAINE SHOULD BE FOUND // PRIVATE COMPANIES WILL BE PROVIDING FINANCE FOR THE CONSORTIUM AND NOT STATES OR GOVERNMENTS // THE MOST EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF OPERATION IS TO GIVE THE GTS IN CONCESSION TO AN INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM // CONCESSION OF THE GTS IS THE MOST ACCEPTABLE CHOICE // UKRAINE’S NATIONAL INTERESTS SHOULD BE PUT AT THE FOREFRONT // PREMATURE DISCUSSION MAY HAMPER FURTHER PROGRESS IN NEGOTIATIONS ON ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSORTIUM // COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CO
OPERATION OPTIONS IS NEEDED // THE FOCUS SHOULD BE ON THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFER OF THE GTS INTO THE CONSORTIUM’S MANAGEMENT // AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON STRATEGIC CO
OPERATION IN THE GAS SECTOR // INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM FOR UKRAINE’S GTS MANAGEMENT: SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

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National Security & Defence, № 018 (2001 - 06)

Author(s): Valentyn Badrak,Vitaliy Begma,Mykola Sungurovskiy,Gordon Adams,Bernardo Mariani / Language(s): English

THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT CONTROL SYSTEM IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY // EXPORT CONTROLS: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE DRAFT LAW OF UKRAINE // On State Control of International Transfers of Goods // Designated for Military Purposes and Dual-Use Goods // STATE CONTROL OF "SENSITIVE EXPORTS" THROUGH THE PRISM 0F ACCUSATIONS // EXPORT CONTROL IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT 0F THE WORLD EXPERIENCE // UKRAINE IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF SIPRI // NORMATIVE BASE OF EXPORT CONTROL IN UKRAINE // EXPORT CONTROLS: EXPERENCE OF WESTERN STATES // FORTRESS AMERICA IN A CHANGING TRANSATLANTIC DEFENSE MARKET AND EXPORT CONTROLS // EU CODE OF CONDUCT FOR ARMS EXPORTS // TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN EUROPEAN ARMS EXPORT CONTROLS: TOWARDS COMMON STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICE // EXPORT CONTROLS: EXPERTENCE OF THE RUSSlAN FEDERATl0N // FEDERAL LAW ON EXPORT CONTROL

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