Нови факти за живота на професор Симеон Демостенов (1886–1966)
Concise notes about life and work of professor Demostenov
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Concise notes about life and work of professor Demostenov
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This article considers the work of Thomas Piketty on inequality, with special emphasis on the reception of his ideas in the social sciences. First, a quantitative analysis of the works that cite Piketty’s most important publications examines the reception of Piketty in academic debates. Next, the critiques of Piketty from economics and sociology, two often opposed disciplines that have devoted the most attention to discussing Piketty, are considered. This article supplements existing critiques with additional suggestions that are relevant to both the scientific analysis of inequality and the process of imaging various reforms that could cope with the problem of inequality.
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In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing two types of economic systems - the socialism and capitalism, there was a need to find a system that will use the positive aspects of both systems.Оne country succeeds more than successfully to combine bases of the centrally planned and market system.Socialism in the Chinese style, as it is called by Gregory and Stuart proved to be a successful practical example of the market socialism. After the implementation of China's reforms, they have kept a one-party system and state ownership, but have accepted the market allocation of resources. In the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese economy is voluntarily classified as a socialist market economy. That China is more than a successful example of market socialism, is shown by the remarkable growth rates and the unprecedented progress of the country in the last thirty years.Reforms have enabled the opening of China to foreign trade, which before 1978 was almost non-existent.After the establishment of the first diplomatic relations with the EU, in 1985 the Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation EEC and China was signed,which officially begins establishing bilateral trade relations. Special importance for the progress of trade relations is China's entry into WTO in 2001, and the signing of the strategic partnership of the EU and China in 2003. The volume of trade between the two economies is growing steadily, and the main characteristics of their trade relations is a continuous deficit which the EU has realized in the exchange with China. Although the European Union is the largest trading partner of China,and China is the second trading partner of the EU,differences and difficulties in the field of trade still exist.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between increased levels of competition – facilitated by market liberalisation – and innovation performance in the context of the Russian vodka industry. Through this understanding this paper subsequently develops a series of innovation policy considerations for transitional economies. In order to achieve this, this paper reflects on the existing literature surrounding innovation performance and competition; as well as the development of the Russian economy more broadly.This paper finds that a state-controlled industry is capable of fostering innovation. However, once the presence of the state in an industry is reduced, innovation performance is enhanced. A recommendation is made that the state should not exhibit control beyond providing a legislative framework for competitiveness; where possible monopolies should be broken down; and private enterprise should be encouraged.A number of the world's large economies find themselves in a state of transition, as such the development of an innovation policy that will allow transitional economies to realise their innovation potential in a sustainable way is imperative to the success of their ongoing transition. The Russian Federation has endured significant economic transition since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the Russian vodka industry has been a constant throughout, it is therefore an ideal case in examining the evolution of innovation in a transitional context.
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Author is discussing a problem of social justice by putting an emphasis on the complex relationship between democracy, capitalism and justice. The main idea explored in the article is that within conscious socio-political analysis that puts questions of the way of life and quality of life in its focus and relates these questions to class-based structural questions, the main dilemma is that between democracy or capitalism. Author offers an overview of contemporary debates related to this dilemma.
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Suk, Jiří: Veřejné záchodky ze zlata: Konflikt mezi komunistickým utopismem a ekonomickou racionalitou v předsrpnovém Československu. Prague: Prostor, 2016, 325 pp., ISBN 978-80-7260-341-1. In the reviewer’s opinion, the book titled "Gold Public Conveniences: A Conflict between Communist Utopianism and Economic Rationality in Czechoslovakia before the Soviet Occupation" is an important contribution to studies of the evolution of economic thinking in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s and of the reform process culminating in the Prague Spring in 1968, hitherto unparalleled in Czech historiography. However, the author does not focus only on the economic theory prevailing at that time, but also examines it, mainly from philosophical and sociological perspectives, in a broader historical context, including paradigmatic Marxist works and Soviet disputes concerning the economic policy after the Bolshevik revolution. He is interested in the form and viability of the new economic model, or the Czechoslovak concept of the “socialism with a human face”, including its internal conflicts and limits of thinking and acts of various players. The greatest deal of attention is paid to Ota Šik (1919–2004), then Director of the Institute of Economics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and the principal author of the “third way” economic concept; the author also describes the restorative reaction of the political regime against the concept after the defeat of the Prague Spring. The reviewer presents the content of each chapter of the book and formulates some partial reservations.
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Constantin Dobrogeanu Gherea est le plus cohérent des marxistes roumains. Ses nombreux écrits qui datent des aimées 1883-1920, qui comprennent des études sociologiques, des articles de presse et des brochures de propagande, sont rein terprétés dans une perspective qui se veut non-idéologique, qui ré fuse, autrement dit, et l'espérance propre à l'eschatologie marxiste, et la haine des adversaires du marxime. Cette nouvelle lecture de l'oeuvre de Gherea se propose de recon stituer le portrait intellectuel de l'auteur roumain. Elle a quatre repères princi paux: tout d'abord, elle refait la perception directe qu'avait Gherea de la réalité roumaine; ensuite, elle analyse la manière dont le paradygme marxiste modifie cette perception; en troisième lieu, elle s'attaque au problème du sens théorique du marxisme dans la vision de Gherea; finalement, l'étude analyse les projets de réforme sociale avancés par l'auteur roumain, en insistant sur la question du suffrage universel. En guise de conclusion, Je point de vue de Gherea surla révo lu ti on bol ch évique.
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The aim of this research is to provide projections of the labor market in the Republic of Serbska, as a part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RS) in the period 2017 - 2021, based on an analytical approach and precise indicators. The basic methodology in creating projections on the labor market in the Republic of Serbska (RS) is statistical extrapolation of trends in demand and supply of labor at the level of the RS. Data for this study were standard reports of statistical institutions (Statistical Yearbook, Labor Force Survey, etc.), as well as special reports generated for the specific needs of this research. The results show that in the next 6 years, the number of working- age population will shrink by a further 59,000 people with 867,000 to 808,000. Out of the total working-age population, ie the active population. labor force (the sum of employed and unemployed) is will not change greatly, while the level of the inactive population, ie. working-age population not seeking employment will drop significantly. On the other hand, our projections show that, even in terms of the decline in the working- age population, the demand for labor will continue to grow. Also, according to projections, the number of unemployed ie. the excess of supply over demand of the labor force will decrease in the period 2017-2021. All this will not be without impact on wage levels. Total average gross wages will rise by 2021, but wage growth in the manufacturing industry will be much more pronounced. Therefore, it is essential to increase productivity and added value of companies because it is the only way to compensate for this increase in wages.
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This work analyzes the protracted conflict between the Nigerian authority and Boko Haram from the perspectives of Karl Marx’s theory of economic determinism. It explores the financial interests of corrupt officials as a plausible explanation for unsuccessful counter-terrorism. It also argues that the major factor responsible for the intractable nature of the conflict is the material benefit that the political elites derive from its prolongation. The authors use the theory of economic determinism to vividly show how the ruling oligarchs in Nigeria have thwarted every attempt to end the conflict. Using the qualitative research methodology, the work tends to illustrate how the desire for massive and unbridled wealth accumulation drove the political and military elites in Nigeria to hinder every effort made to resolve the conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram. In other words, the work reveals the crucial links between wealth accumulation and the prolongation of the Boko Haram conflict in Nigeria.
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This article deals with the New Reading of Marx, an interpretation focused on the analysis of social and value forms and associated social relations. Marx’s analysis of social forms makes it possible to distinguish determinate abstractions (commodity and capital in the capitalist mode of production) from general ones (product, money), denaturalizing the economic vision of production, opening up a way for possible understanding of different modes of production and their social character. The article argues that the analysis of social forms opens up a path for re-approaching the field of enquiry that conventionally belongs to economics, whose abandonment marks sociology for most of its history, with the sociological analysis, thus rendering visible social dimensions of the object of investigation, whilst questioning and disputing the monopoly of economic theories and categories. The connection between Marx’s analysis of social forms and the work of other classical sociologists is demonstrated, opening up the discussion of its relevance for economic sociology. Reviewing the new economic sociology, the article shows how its Weberian roots drastically narrow the space for integration of Marx’s work. It is argued that the reading of Marx presented here can however be situated in a more broadly understood contemporary economic sociology that includes a wider range of approaches retaining the multi-paradigmatic character of sociology. In conclusion, the article discusses the relationship between domestic sociology and Marxism, arguing that sociological literature can be enriched by re-evaluating Marxism through the prism of the New Reading of Marx.
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The paper deals with the history of Polish revisionist Marxist political economy, which flourished between 1956 and 1968, mostly in the academic institutions of Warsaw. The fate of Polish revisionism in Marxist economics is presented in parallel to the intellectual biography of Włodzimierz Brus (one of its leaders) and the fate of the Faculty of Political Economy (Wydział Ekonomii Politycznej [WEP]), which he co-established at the University of Warsaw. The authors compare contemporary documents and existing analyses of the period with memories of Brus’s colleagues and students, collected decades after the events. The authors show that both the relative freedom of expression and academic research and the process of gradual closing of these possibilities were related to the changing balance of power within Party elites.
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The financial crisis brought about by the break down of the USA mortgage market has affected almost all economies of the world. Its consequences are very severe: they include bankruptcies of major investment banks, great losses by many companies of the financial (banks) and non-financial sectors (automobile and construction industry), reduction of the business activities, lay-offs, consumption cuts, and, in consequence, a drop in the GDP growth rates. It is estimated that the GDP growth rates for EU and USA in 2009 will be negative. The effects of the global crisis on Bosnia and Herzegovina, as in case of other transition economies, are indirect. There will be fewer opportunities for borrowing, and the debt costs will increase. Foreign investors will exhibit more restraint, and our exports and foreign currency inflow will decrease. The situation will be especially difficult in metal (aluminum and steel) and construction industry. The crisis will exacerbate the existing poor economic and social state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its impact may be softened by employing certain programs of assistance to exports, investments and agriculture. This paper provides some suggestions in that sense. It also offers lessons to be learnt from the current global crisis (as “opportunities”), and reminds of the interpretation of global crisis provided in the Capital by Marx, and the Lexicon of Economics.
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This article aims to discuss the dialectical relationship between Hegel and Marx, based on the Marxisthumanist thought of which Raya Dunayevskaya is the founder, through the concept of "alienated labor", which is one of the fundamental phenomena of Marxism. For Dunayevskaya, Marx's emphasis on humanism in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, is directly linked to his discovery of the revolutionary aspect of the dialectics of negativity, which was at the heart of Hegel's absolute idealism. Thus, from the moment when workers' movements discover the dialectic of absolute negativity, they are transformed into freedom struggles capable of human self-determination. Thus, the dialectical law formulated by Hegel as the ‘negation of the negation’ is read by Marx as the first negative, the sublate of alienated labor. For Dunayevskaya, Marx is the only one who, unlike traditional Marxism, can save the Hegelian dialectic from its mystic aura by transforming it into a philosophy of liberation. For Dunayevskaya, the dialectical boundaries between Marx and Hegel are determined by the absolute negativity/ dialectic of negativity that Marx thinks he depts to Hegel.
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Although there is always a need for further development in business models and industrial organisations via gradual improvements in their operations including production activities, warehouse management and supply chain management, it is quite obvious that from the present rise in inflation, a gap between the employees and the employers has been observed in the automotive sector due to a lack of vocational training or vendor development programmes causing uncertain attributes. The study aimed to highlight the significance of vendor development programmes in the automotive sector along with hindering factors and uncover the impediments that do not allow the encouragement of vendor development programmes in the said industry in Pakistan. The methodology for this research is qualitative, which will take the best measures by collecting the data from the vendors, especially from the operations department as this department is having deep insight and core knowledge about the organisation. The study concluded that financial constraint is the major factor that limits vendor development programmes in the automotive industry of Pakistan.
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This article summarizes key concepts in Immanuel Wallerstein’s book ‘Historical Capitalism’ related to the role of the cultural dimension of individualism collectivism. These include the societal developments needed for the early formation of the labor market, the social construction of ethnical identities and the gradual assimilation of ‘peripheral’ regions into the capitalism’s labor force in order to counter the rise of labor income in countries of the ‘core’. According to the author, ‘traditional’ kinds of division of labor – between ethnic groups, family members and age horizontals are being intentionally brought to life to control the pace of proletization as quasi proletarian ways of living require only minimal labor wages. At the same time in the ideological realm capitalism’s development is usually presented as closely intertwined with modernism and science’s progress, opposed to ‘traditional’, non rational ways, but a number of ‘traditions’ can be shown to have actually co-emerged with historical capitalism and not pre-dated it. This process is accompanied by the instalment of an universalistic and individualistic progressivist world view among the ‘intelligentsia’ classes, fostering the belief in competition and meritocracy, which has to enable the peaceful functioning of the tightly interconnected global capitalist system. In other words, capitalism’s use of culture and ideology is a prerequisite for its spread and efficiency.
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A primary goal of education, especially higher education, is to provide students with the tools to think for themselves—that is, how to think, not what to think. The authors demonstrate that many theories have not stood the test of time. This includes views and beliefs such as rational choice theory, maximizing shareholder value, greed is good, what it takes to be a great leader, and many more. Therefore, it is essential to teach students not to accept what they are taught without deliberation. Questioning so-called facts is a good trait, and higher education should not be about blind acceptance or indoctrination.
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The article is dedicated to the socio-philosophical legacy of Friedrich von Hayek, one of the founders of neoliberalism and a representative of the Austrian School of Economics. In this regard, this text is an attempt to rethink Hayek's work in three main aspects: as an initiator of the return of liberalism to its ideological foundations from the Enlightenment, as an ideologue of neoliberalism and as a consistent critic of Keynesian capitalism and socialism. Here are some weaknesses in his teaching, both in terms of capitalism and in terms of social liberalism and socialism.
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