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The Concept of Smart City – Regulation Questions?!

Author(s): Gabriella Csűrös / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, cities also can be “smart”. More and more cities use the label “smart” – in Hungary as well. Is it a rational decision for cities full with opportunities or, if it is a necessity, however, is it a new trend that must be followed without any substance? Besides this dilemma, the study also focuses on the regulation of the smart city concept. Regarding the growing number of smart cities and the simultaneous regulation gap, the question is whether we need to regulate smart cities? If we do, at which governmental level and what kind of substance, and, if we do not, what are the reasons?The urban development is the theoretical framework of the study. After the definition of smart city, the study focuses on the content of smart city, systematizing its features on the basis of the relevant regulations and literature. As the result of my research, the risks of regulation as well as further deficiencies and contradictions will be demonstrated.

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Environmental Tools of Local Governments in Hungary (an Overview)

Author(s): László Fodor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although local governments possess limited autonomy in Hungary, they play a significant role in environmental policy. Apart from fulfilling mandatory tasks such as waste management, they face environmental challenges relating to other activities such as urban development. They adopt strategies and regulations, exercise public authority, enter into contracts, and organize public services in order to protect the environment. This essay demonstrates that the scope of discretion of local governments is legally limited; nonetheless, some environmental considerations do not play a role due to lack of interest and knowledge. Based on questionnaires, case studies and interviews as well as on the analysis of the central regulations, the most important tools are introduced from an environmental law point of view.

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Integrating Agricultural Production and Biodiversity: Wood Pastures as Model Systems

Author(s): István Urák,Lídia Szigyártó,Tibor Hartel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Grazing, food production, agricultural interests, on the one hand, and biodiversity, on the other hand, do not necessarily exclude one another. On the contrary, pastures with sparse trees and shrubs may well integrate agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. The structural properties of the wood pastures are tightly related to biodiversity; therefore, traditional (and at the same time economically profitable) agricultural activities, such as grazing, pasture clean-up, and the maintenance of the sparse and old trees and shrubs, are essential for the conservation of biodiversity. These activities do not lead to the shortage of agricultural production – on the contrary, the presence of sparse trees and shrubs is accompanied by benefits such as shade for the grazing animals in the summer or foliage and fruit (acorn, thorn-apple, pear) as food supplement for the livestock in the summer and autumn.

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Issues of Local Waste Management in Hungary

Author(s): Brigitta Gyurkó / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

I will present the Hungarian models of the public waste management service (regarding the fact that several consecutive models have worked in Hungary before). I will consider public service as a fundamental guarantee of institutional protection just as the participants involved in public service focusing on Nemzeti Hulladékgazdálkodási Koordináló és Vagyonkezelő Zrt. (National Waste Management Coordinating and Asset Management plc – NHKV). NHKV was established in 2016, almost two years ago, but it has faced more and more problems on a permanent basis, to which I will draw attention in this study. I do not intend to carry out a detailed critical analysis of the system within the scope of this study. The question is whether waste management that has been changing since 2012 and becoming more and incomprehensible will overcome the current obstacles or we have to witness more and more failed solutions due to the “waves” of nationalizations spreading increasingly, which will cause in the municipalities of Hungary the same infamous waste management disaster that happened in Naples.

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The Interdependency Between the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development Through the Current Concerns Relating to Water in Hajdúböszörmény

Author(s): Ágnes Bujdos / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The current contribution forms part of the research project carried out under the title “Roles and instruments of local governments in the realization of ecological sustainability”. It wishes to focus on Hajdúböszörmény, which is a Hungarian settlement lying at the junction of the Nyírség and the Hajdúság, along main road No 35. Thus, it is situated in the Northern Great Plain region, more specifically in Hajdú–Bihar County. Hajdúböszörmény occupies 370.8 km² and Bodaszőlő, Pród, Rét, Telekföld, Vid, and Zelemér belong to the inhabited part of its periphery. Hajdúböszörmény’s population is roughly 31,000 inhabitants, that is, 0.32 per cent of Hungary’s population, and its population density is 84 person/km2. Regarding the research projects and this essay, two remarks have to be made. On the one hand, although the project focuses on the ecological sustainability, this study will necessarily examine all three pillars (environmental, social, and economic) of sustainable development. On the other hand, the present research endeavours to highlight water, and so the other environmental elements are excluded from its scope. While conducting this research, we mainly relied on the minutes of the meeting of the Municipal Council, as in our opinion these provide the most up-to-date source of information relating to the challenges the Municipality of Hajdúböszörmény has to face. These sources were supplemented, among others, with local decrees and decisions, environmental status reports, and integrated urban strategies.

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UTILIZATION OF GIS IN MAPPING INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES OF THE RIVER NITRA

Author(s): Michaela Bencová,Vladimíra Lišková,Jozef Ťažký,Dávid Tomko-Králo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The River Nitra is a significant bio corridor in the Hornonitrianska basin. The river is prone to occupation by invasive species due to the disturbances caused by floods and also because a part of the river had been transferred to a new river bed. Geographic information systems tools are necessary to investigate the occurrence and distribution of these species as they help to infer the factors that affect their occurrence. Our contribution includes the results of field mapping of the River Nitra, which was carried out from 2016 to 2017. The study area of the river was divided into segments with a length of 500 m, where the occurrence of invasive species was recorded. Mapping took place within 50 m of the cunette. By using the GIS software, the values obtained were incorporated into the resulting map. Subsequently, we deduced factors which influence the increased occurrence of invasive species in some segments. The results show that a major part of the segments was attacked by at least one invasive species. The predominant species are Helianthus tuberosus and Solidago canadensis.

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NEW MAPS OF THE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE’S IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY

Author(s): Ivo Dostál,Petr Anděl,Marek Havlíček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The transport infrastructure is the significant factor affecting not only its immediate surroundings but also the landscape in the macroscopic scale due to the fragmentation and barrier effect. The original 'Impact of the road traffic on biodiversity atlas' was issued back in 2008 introducing maps of conflicts between green and transport infrastructure and evaluating the degree of landscape fragmentation. But a lot has changed since then. New motorways and expressways intersecting the landscape created new barriers, and the overall intensity of traffic increased. Therefore conditions for wildlife migration became worse. The opportunity to update this set of maps came with the publication of results from the National traffic census 2016. These maps are designed for the use of the strategic planning of transport sector due to the scale and the level of detail. The main purpose is to support the screening phase of the EIA process – to determine whether an area may be affected by traffic and which level of risk should be expected. Another usage is to compare the change over the past ten years by comparison of original and updated maps.

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VISUALIZATION OF TRAFFIC OFFENCES IN THE CITY OF BRNO (CZECH REPUBLIC): ACHIEVING 3D THEMATIC CARTOGRAPHY THROUGH OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA

Author(s): Lukáš Herman,Jan Russnák,Radim Stuchlík,Jiří Hladík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines 3D visualization of traffic offences based on open data sources at the city level. Most of the existing studies and applications focus on 3D visualization of qualitative data. For this reason, this paper concentrates on 3D visualization methods for quantitative data. The possibilities of creating 3D dot maps, statistical surfaces, graduated 3D symbols and prism maps and their effective use was studied. A pilot web application visualizing crime statistics was developed for verifying the applicability of selected 3D cartographic methods and the feasibility of open source technologies for crime mapping. 3D visualizations of selected traffic offences registered and solved by municipal police (different traffic offences types) are available in a pilot application for the city of Brno (Czech Republic). The design and implementation of map components, interactive functionality, limitations and opportunities for future development are also discussed.

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OLD ROADS IN DOLNÍ POMORAVÍ IN THE MIKULČICE AND KOPČANY AREA: HYPOTHESES SUPPORTED BY THE ANALYSIS OF OLD MAPS AND AERIAL IMAGERY

Author(s): Jaromír Kolejka,Martin Boltižiar,Matej Vojtek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with a method of integrated analysis of old maps and aerial photographs taken at different periods in order to identify old roads in the region of Dolní Pomoraví. The plain landscape, represented by the floodplain of the Morava River, has undergone numerous changes in the area of Mikulčice and Kopčany in connection with the development of its own floodplain and its use by man from the earliest times to the present. Since it is the inundation area, fluvial processes have led to the formation of typical terrain shapes that have been taken into account when crating the roads. Moreover, the later hydrotechnical interventions into the natural regime of the floodplain also reflected in the creation of roads. Taking into account both natural and anthropogenic conditions in the floodplain, they can therefore be a good starting point for distinguishing old and newer parts of roads. From the knowledge of old road network, it is possible to derive the former property conditions and impact of the settlements and in this case, it is also the approximate course of the centuries-old state border across the floodplain. Integrated analysis of old maps and aerial imagery often brings interesting and unexpected results that can also be found in practical applications and can be helpful in making further spatial analyses leading to new findings. Although the results extend beyond to a rather distant or near undated past, they can be applied in a variety of ways when deciding on the future of the study area which stands for UNESCO registration as a cross-border archeopark.

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Poznámky k problému historického užití a povrchového ztvárnění lepenice jako pokryvu dřevěných konstrukcí v Čechách

Author(s): Jiří Škabrada / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The essay sums up the knowledge about historical co-existence of wooden walls and a layer of daub – a substance that served in the past as a kind of physical, thermal and fire protection not only in the countryside. There are mentioned in particular the oldest less-known documents from the Middle Ages, including the interpretation of house constructions as it was captured in medieval iconographic sources. These allow to recognize houses whose wooden construction in undoubtedly covered by daub with illusive decorations on its surface. Sometimes the daub on timbered or half-timbered walls looked like a kind of decoration if finished with patterns that were to fix the finer top coat, which was often not applied.

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Poruchy hliněných staveb způsobené vodou

Author(s): Ivana Žabičková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Water content is crucial for the properties of cohesive soils on the foundation surface, as well as for the properties of earthen construction materials at the upper part of a construction. Along with the rising content of water, the load-bearing capacity descends and the deformation power and shrinkage increase. These properties have mostly negative impact on the buildings and they cause a great part of defects on mud constructions. The repairs and reconstructions are possible, however, often costly; therefore high-quality and well-timed maintenance is recommended, which is the best prevention of the defects of mud buildings.

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MERGING GEOGLOWS MODEL AND DISCHARGE DATA FOR BIAS-CORRECTED CHARACTERISATION OF HYDROLOGY FOR SURVIVING STURGEON HABITAT ON RIVER RIONI IN GEORGIA, EASTERN BLACK SEA

Author(s): Mamuka Gvilava,Maka Bitsadze,Nino Peradze,Timm Gönner / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Georgian river Rioni still hosts the last remaining sturgeon habitat in the Eastern Black Sea. WWF Caucasus Programme Office is undertaking efforts to conserve and potentially expand this critically important spawning area. Long-term hydrological data, such as daily discharge time series, is indispensable for characterising the entire river and this ecological site in particular. GEO Global Water Sustainability tool GEOGloWS was applied to derive long term (over 40 years) modelled streamflow time series for the stretch of interest at Rioni. Discharge data kindly provided by Vartsikhe Hydropower Cascade, was successfully used to bias-correct the global dataset and thus significantly expand time coverage against the period of available discharge data (10 years). Experience with merging some other global & local datasets is also reported in this work.

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ÚČELOVÁ REGIONALIZÁCIA SLOVENSKA PRE ZABEZPEČENIE EKONOMICKEJ VÝKONNOSTI A TRVALEJ UDRŽATEĽNOSTI POĽNOHOSPODÁRSTVA

Author(s): Rastislav Kotulic,Peter Adamišin,Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová,Roman Vavrek / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The present scientific paper builds on previous scientific studies analyzing the determinants of productivity and economic efficiency of agricultural entities and extends knowledge about the area of spatial econometrics at NUTS IV level (at district level) for the reporting period. The paper aimed to assess the development of productivity and economic efficiency of agricultural entities in the reporting period based on synthetic evaluation of selected economic indicators using the methods of cluster analysis and thus to create spatial map according to regional differentiation at NUTS IV level. Based on the analyzes we conclude that the natural and climatic conditions have a dominant influence on achievable productivity and economic efficiency of agricultural entities whilst ensuring the sustainability of economic performance of agriculture in individual regions of Slovakia.

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INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR COMPLEX CLEANING BEACHES FROM HEAVY, RARE METALS, RADIOACTIVE MINERALS, BITUMEN, POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND MICROPLASTIC INCLUDING

Author(s): Volodymyr Iemelianov,Vladislav Ivanchenko,Andriy Ivanchenko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper presents an innovative technology for the complex cleaning of beaches from heavy and rare metals, radioactive minerals, bitumen, polymeric materials and microplastics.

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ŽIVOTNÍ PROSTŘEDÍ KRAJŮ V TELEVIZNÍM VYSÍLÁNÍ: KVANTITATIVNÍ POHLED

Author(s): Jaroslav Urminský,ŠTĚPÁNKA VYSKOČILOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Currently, the mass media represent fundamental source of information, including television broadcasting. Television stations publish also regionally focused posts in their news reports. They form virtual portrayals of the regions, through which they affect overall image of the regions and in aggregated form also mental maps. The objective of this article is a quantitative analysis and evaluation of regionally-bound TV posts from the category of environment. The environment is an integral part of each territory and its quality often strongly influences the resulting competitiveness of localities and regions. With respect to achieved results, it is possible to describe the environment as the media attractive topic, especially for private TV stations. From spatial perspective, we can contemplate the concentration of environmentally related news reports. They are as follows: Prague, Usti, Hradec Kralove and Moravian-Silesian region. Mainly Usti and Moravian-Silesian are still associated with the low quality of the environment. Contrary to that Zlin region and Vysocina as the territories with rural character attract only negligible media attention.

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AGENDA 2030, UDRŽITELNÁ MĚSTA A JEJICH INDIKÁTORY

Author(s): VLADIMÍRA ŠILHÁNKOVÁ,MICHAEL PONDĚLÍČEK,PAVEL STRUHA / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 is divided into 17 so called Sustainable Development Goals. Agenda was approved by UN members in September 2015. The Goal 11 “Sustainable Cities” is focused on the towns and cities directly. The questions of relevance and importance of this Goal are widely discussed. But questions focused on sustainable city´ indicators are rare. The paper´s aim is Goal 11 indicators´ analysis. The paper try to answer the question, if selected indicators are relevant for the goal measurement. The work is bases on the text analysis method as well as verbal description and comparison. There is also used the experience basis of authors in the academic as well as political sphere. The analysis shown that in the practice are indicators mainly purpose-built and they are understood not as a tool for our way towards sustainability, but as a tool for states competition. There are searched for indicators in which is chance for good results and whose shown us better in international comparison, not for such whose show us our development towards sustainability.

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PODPORA REGIONÁLNYCH ŠPECIFÍK V KRAJINNOARCHITEKTONICKEJ TVORBE V PODMIENKACH SLOVENSKÉHO VIDIEKA

Author(s): Gabriel KUCZMAN,ĽUBICA FERIANCOVÁ / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on diverse design solutions of green spaces in rural agricultural settlements of the Nitra Region. The design-studio teaching of landscape architecture led by Ľubica Feriancová and Gabriel Kuczman (authors of this paper) within the Rural Green Space Design Studio focuses on the revitalisation of rural open spaces through methods in landscape architecture. The model areas are 3 open spaces in rural settlements Maňa, Trávnica, Čeľadice. The design process started with elaboration of analyses, including dendrological (assessing species composition and it suitability in the study areas, health condition, vitality, localisation and societal value of woody plants according to national legislation. The presented design alternatives integrate functional and contemporary trends in open spaces that enhance the representative character and the cultural value of unused open spaces, while providing attractive re-designed spaces for social, cultural, and sport activities in rural settlements.

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RUDNIANSKO-GELNICKÁ ENVIRONMENTÁLNA ZÁŤAŽOVÁ OBLASŤ AKO LIMITUJÚCI FAKTOR REGIONÁLNEHO ROZVOJA

Author(s): Martin Boltižiar,EVA MICHAELI / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

In literature regional development is perceived as the economic growth presented in a positive sense. Economic growth does not necessarily have to be associated with the development of regions, although it is hard to imagine the latter without the former. Regional development of any region must be based on the quality of the environment which influences, among other areas, the quality of the life of inhabitants. The negative aspects of the regional development include also environmental loads. The aim of this paper is to provide detailed characteristics of the environmental loads of Rudniansko-gelnická environmental loaded area , which present limiting factors of regional development. The data about have been obtained from field research, analysis of aerial photographs, as well as bibliography and other resourses, and from interviews. Management of the issue of environmental loads in the Slovakia is being slowed down due to the absence of legislation, lack of financial resources, failure to clearly assign responsibilities for environmental loads, and high number of localities. Solving the issue of environmental loads will not be possible without financial support of European funds by means of Operational Programme for Environment and from the state budget. However, the solution to the whole issue will be a long-term matter and it is assumed to last until 2030. The year 2027 is the target year for sanitation of the most risky environmental loads resulting from the application of allowed exceptions, e. g. EU general directive on water according to which the member states must reach good quality of surface and underground waters and other of environment as well.

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2023 Depremlerinin Gaziantep Gastronomi Turizmi Üzerine Potansiyel Etkileri

Author(s): Tuba Pehlivan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Destinations that attract tourists with gastronomic preferences or different motivations can sometimes be interrupted by use. This situation can be caused by human effects as well as by the events that cause some destruction that it has brought to nature. In general, it is reported in the literature that disasters such as wars, floods, deadly diseases, earthquakes and hurricanes can cause serious life, property and economic losses. Earthquakes, which started on February 6, 2023 and are still up to date, have caused such a process to occur in Turkey. This study has been prepared to investigate the potential effects of the 2023 Gaziantep/Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on Gastronomy tourism and to offer solutions to the problems that may occur. In the research, data obtained through observation and literature review, one of the qualitative research techniques, were collected. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. In conclusion; According to the scientific literature review and current scientific evaluations on gastronomic tourism, criticisms are made that this process can be turned into an advantage in terms of tourism in the following periods. When the news in the domestic and foreign visual/printed media is evaluated, there are positive news for gastronomy tourism. Some press organizations use a news headline such as "removal of the building debris destroyed in the earthquake in Gaziantep". Such generalizing statements have the potential to negatively affect Gaziantep gastronomy tourism. According to the literature and observational data obtained in the study, it is thought that the effects of the earthquake in Gaziantep gastronomy tourism can be overcome by taking the right steps, and Gaziantep gastronomy will come out of the process stronger, provided that the planning of the current situation is multidimensional.

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PRIESTOROVÉ ASPEKTY VÝVOJA OSÍDLENIA NOVEJ BANE A ŽARNOVICE V KONTEXTE PRÍRODNÝCH A SOCIOEKONOMICKÝCH PODMIENOK

Author(s): Lucia Petrikovicova,KATARÍNA VILINOVÁ / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The dispersed settlement, as the studied area in the Novobanská Štálová area is, represents an autonomous expression of socioeconomic activity, conditioned by specific natural, and historical conditions. Štál is a habitable form, which was created mostly by gradual building on divided family lands, and many of them even today still share a common family name. The aim of the paper is to analyze spatial aspects of population distribution precisely in the context of natural and socioeconomic conditions of the territory with this specific form of settlement. The complexity of landscape development research requires the application and combination of multiple scientific approaches, concepts, methods, and techniques. Therefore, the methodological basis of the paper is based on several empirical studies analyzed in terms of the applied research methodology. The input analyzes include historical-geographical analysis of dispersed settlements, as well as field research. Today, the dispersed settlement, in addition to its original and basic agricultural function, also fulfills an accommodation and recreational function for a large number of the population working outside the dispersed settlements.

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