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SITUACE NEPRŮMYSLOVÝCH VENKOVSKÝCH BROWNFIELDS V PRŮBĚHU DESETI LET NA PŘÍKLADU OKRESU JINDŘICHŮV HRADEC

Author(s): Martin Musil / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to summarize the main results of research conducted in 2005-2006 and 2015-2017, focused on non-commercial brownfields in rural areas on the example of the Jindřichův Hradec district. The buildings of the former schools, cultural houses and retail shops of Jednota were examined. These objects were found in 165 localities in a total of 336 objects. 69 of them were marked as so-called real brownfields, depressing their surroundings, mainly due to their poor construction condition. The second phase of the research examined changes occurred during a decade on selected 53 objects of real brownfields from the first research phase. The standardized observation, document analysis, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used as data collection methods. Relatively variable situation of municipalities was identified. Active inhabitants, who taking care of cultural and social activities and facilities, as well as individual possibilities of using problematic objects proved to be the main factors of positive changes. The economically favorable situation after 2013 contributed to possibility of making the necessary building reconstruction. The use of public funds by municipalities was not frequent, mainly due to the non-existence of a suitable grant title or to the reluctance to run into debt and uncertainty of objects use. Nevertheless, the number of problematic objects decreased within examined decade and many of the objects found their use.

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A MULTIVARIATE CROSS-NATIONAL EUROPEAN REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Author(s): Dominika Tóthová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This empirical study provides evidence of the most critical human´s activities on environmental degradation expressed by the Ecological Footprint indicator. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the selected data from statistics of economy and finance, land cover and use, population and social condition, tourism, agriculture, international trade, transport and environment and energy on the variance of the Ecological Footprint of consumption per capita in the countries of the European Union. Using the multivariate regression analysis, I examined the significant predictors of differences in the Ecological Footprint of consumption per capita. As the best explanatory regression coefficients of the model were estimated exports of goods and services in % of GDP, participation in tourism for personal purposes per capita and percentage share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption.

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Opis slavonskih i sremskih šuma u delima Fridriha Vilhelma fon Taubea i Franca Štefana Engela (Opis Kraljevstva Slavonije i Srema)

Author(s): Vladan Gavrilović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

From the earliest times forests represented great wealth in the territory of Croatia, Slavonia and Syrmia. In the modern era, during the Habsburg Monarchy and its administration, forests were a public good, i.e. in state ownership, to a large degree owned by the Court Chamber, the County/Županija or the Military Frontier. With a series of statutes, concerning land and landed property, mainly in the mid-18th century, the Habsburg Monarchy organized this area which consisted, among other things, of the forests mentioned in some of the articles. The forests of these areas (Slavonia and Syrmia) were also described by the Austrian subjects Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube and Franz Stefan Engel, who, as well as giving interesting descriptions of forest properties also focused their observations on the organization and management of forests, on regulations concerning logging bans and on general behaviour in forests. The descriptions of these two authors in their works that were both entitled Opis Kraljevine Slavonije i Vojvodstva Srema constitute very good historical and geographical sources for the understanding of the situation in the territory of Slavonia and Syrmia in the second half of the 18th century.

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Šume vukovarskog vlastelinstva u 18. stoljeću prema kartografskim izvorima

Author(s): Ante Grubišić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to contribute to the history of manorial cartography, using the example of cartographic sources of the Vukovar manor from the 18th century and to make an attempt to reconstruct the condition of the wooded areas in the early period of the history of estates, as well as to depict the dynamics of the disappearance of estate forests by the comparison of cartographic sources and the supporting documents of large-sized maps from the beginning and the end of the 18th century visually and by statistic data. The paper discusses the emergence of cartographic sources, especially those of Johann Philipp Frast, who was the most signiﬁcant modern surveyor and map-maker in eastern Slavonia.

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Slavonski šumari školovani u Mariabrunnu (1813-1867) s posebnim osvrtom na Adolfa Danhelovskog

Author(s): Dinko Župan / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The best education in forestry within the borders of the Habsburg Monarchy foresters could get at the Secondary Forestry School of Mariabrunn. That school was the most signiﬁcant forestry school in the Monarchy during the 19th century. The school was located in the Augustinian monastery at the Mariabrunn near Vienna. It was partly owned by the state and partly by the Augustinian order. The school was started in 1813, and it got developed from a small specialized school that was founded in 1805. It was a boarding school and expert education was provided for the pupils, including accommodation. The pupils worn uniforms and stern discipline was maintained in the school, which was consistently insisted upon by the principals, who often came from the military. The secondary school consisted of classrooms, laboratories, rooms for the teachers and dormitories for the pupils. From the very inception, the school had the best facilities for the training, and so it got, as early as 1816, a chemistry laboratory, a botanical garden, and a collection of insects and minerals. In the year 1819, the Forestry school in Mariabrunn was oﬃcially proclaimed the principal forestry school in the Monarchy. The Secondary Forestry School in Mariabrunn did not get the status of the Academy until 1867, but was considered to be some sort of a secondary specialized school. Only in 1867 it became the Imperial Academy of Forestry with a three-year curriculum. In 1872, the authorities subsumed the Academy of Forestry into the system of the High School for Soil Cultivation in Vienna. From the very beginning, candidates from all over the Monarchy attended the Forestry School in Mariabrunn, and many of the attendants later became excellent foresters. Among the attendants from Croatia, the biggest number came from Slavonia.

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Rasprava o starosti hrastovih šuma na stranicama Šumarskog lista

Author(s): Hrvoje Volner / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This work is concerned with the treatise of the manorial forester Radošević entitled “Pabirci za šumarsku povijest hrvatsko-srpskih šuma” (A Compilation for the Forest History of Croatian-Serbian Forests) published in Šumarski list during 1891 and 1892. The author provides interesting theses on the origins of oak forests in our regions, which support the claim that “oak forests in Croatia were planted by the Romans for the purpose of feeding pigs with acorns, which was a signiﬁcant economic activity”. The work also adduces the counterclaim advanced by forest assessor Barišić “that the Romans perhaps aﬀorested some ﬁelds with oak” but basically agrees that the oak is not indigenous to our area. The treatise abounds in examples with which the proponents of these stances conﬁrm their views, and at the same time tell of the scholarly methods, knowledge and experiences used by the foresters at the end of the 19th century. In order to gain a clear picture of issues raised by the foresters, we rely on the viewpoints of modern forest professions and other expertise on the subject of the age of oak forests in Croatia.

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Šume fruškogorskih manastira u ﬁnansijskim izveštajima Saborskog Odbora 1906-1907.

Author(s): Goran Vasin,Dejan Mikavica / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The ﬁnancial reports and the budget of the Sabor (Parliamentary) Committee for the Fruška gora monasteries during 1906-1907 indicated that there were numerous problems concerning the ﬁnancial resources required for the preservation of these signiﬁcant monuments of Serbian culture and spirituality. Some of the monasteries were not capable of sustaining their fraternities or of bearing the ﬁnancial burden of their immovable properties. When this is joined with the poor state of the ﬁnances of the Parliamentary Committee due to constant conﬂicts between radicals and conservatives and the irresponsible ﬁscal policy of many oﬃcials of the metropolis, it is evident that the Fruška gora monasteries had to survive serious economic crises year by year.

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Selo i šuma: nastanak i nestanak sela u šumovitim predjelima središnje Slavonije

Author(s): Žarko Španiček / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This work starts from the observation that, mainly in the hilly areas of central Slavonia, in the last ﬁfty years, the number of inhabitants and inhabited places has decreased, while wooded areas have expanded considerably. The number of villages, facing disappearance, without a single resident, or with just a few, is increasing, and forests have covered the area anew. Drawing on these developments, eﬀorts were made to examine the unequal relation between cultivated and natural, wooded areas. It is proposed to conduct a more complex evaluation of the historical role and signiﬁcance of the forest that would indicate that forests not only provide natural wealth and signiﬁcant social resources but can also be an indication of general social backwardness.

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Slavonska šuma u djelima Huga Conrada von Hötzendorfa i Adolfa Waldingera

Author(s): Jasminka Najcer Sabljak / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The Slavonian forests were over the centuries, particularly throughout the 19th century, an inexhaustible source for many artistic and literary works; artists were fascinated by the luminance of the forests and by their natural power. The forest had a special place in the works of Slavonian artists and writers due to the fact that this area was, throughout the 19th century, mostly covered by inaccessible woods representing the unknown and evoking fear; at the same time they were a creative challenge for adventurous spirits. In the mid-19th century art movements such as romanticism and realism emerged; escapism from social norms and established topics became a challenge within them. The forest as an independent and separate entity within landscape painting became the preoccupation of romantic artists who subordinated man to the pantheistic force and the power of forest vegetation and nature, demonstrating how defenceless man is against natural conditions. In contrast to the romanticists, the realists elaborate, with extreme precision, forests and wood motifs and concern themselves with forest vegetation, details of the crowns and branches, observing and researching every single detail of nature with botanical precision. These two approaches in painting forests, i.e. landscapes, are evident in the oeuvres of the most signiﬁcant Slavonian, and also Croatian landscape painters, the leaders of the Osijek School of painters Hugo Conrad von Hötz endorf and Adolf Waldinger. The titles of their numerous works Šuma (The Forest), Slavonska šuma (Slavonian Forests), Šumski krajolik (Woodland area), U mladoj bregovitoj šumi (In the Young Hilly Forests), Unutrašnjost šume (Woodland Interior), Kućica u šumi (The House in the Woods) Šumski put u planini (Forest Path in the Mountain), Slavonski hrastik (Slavonian Oak Forest), Stari hrast (Old Oak), Suhi hrastovi (Withered Oaks), Studije hrasta ili drveća (Oak or Wood Studies), Jasen (Ash), Studija panjeva (Stump Study), Crtež starog hrasta s lišćem (Drawing of an Old Oak with Leaves) speak about the importance of forest motifs in numerous works of these artists which are kept in museum and private collections throughout Croatia.

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Výuka problematiky monzunů metodou IRF: rozhovor jako prostředek kognitivní aktivizace žáků

Author(s): Markéta Kuberská,Václav Stacke / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Následující kazuistika analyzuje jeden z příkladů běžné praxe výuky zeměpisu na druhém stupni ZŠ. Učitel plánuje směřovat výuku k cílům na vyšší úrovni kognitivní angažovanosti žáků a využívá k tomu metodu IRF. Cílem kazuistiky je identifikovat ty výukové situace, ve kterých dochází v důsledku problematické aplikace IRF ke vzniku různých kritických míst a následně také formalismů (Slavík et al., 2017), a pokusit se těmto výukovým situacím navrhnout vhodnou alteraci. Dalším cílem kazuistiky je upozornit naopak na ty části výuky, ve kterých je práce s IRF využita vhodně, a přispět tak k objasňování aspektů produktivní kultury vyučování a učení (zejména v oblasti kognitivní aktivizace žáků).

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Serviciile ecosistemice culturale pe care le oferă infrastructura verde urbană grupurilor vulnerabile. Studiu de caz: Municipiul Râmnicu Vâlcea

Author(s): Oana Catalina Popescu,Antonio Valentin Tache / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Along with the growth of the urban population, a sharp tendency of population aging in the cities has been observed. This raises the question of whether and how a city can become friendlier to vulnerable people. The natural environment has a major impact on the mobility and quality of life of the elderly, who must have good accessibility to urban green space. The aim of this research is the analysis of the access that vulnerable groups (children and elderly people) have to the urban green space and to the cultural ecosystem services it offers. Analyzing the demand and supply of urban green infrastructure among young and elderly people allows the assessment of social equity in terms of the cultural ecosystem services generated by urban green infrastructure. The analysis focused on the municipality of Râmnicu Vâlcea, because the present study is part of a larger work focused on the feasibility of creating a green belt around this municipality. The results show that with the decreasing trend of the young population and the increasing trend of the population over 65 years old, the two categories of population had at their disposal similar areas of green space in recent years. The area of green space related to the total population in the municipality of Râmnicu Vâlcea was in 2021 well below the minimum limit of 26 sqm/urban inhabitant and this means that the city needs more green space so that vulnerable people can benefit from the advantages offered by the urban green infrastructure. The present study contributes to the identification of areas where the concept of green infrastructure can be implemented in the form of green corridors, green wedges or green belts in Râmnicu Vâlcea municipality.

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Planificarea arealului riveran, beneficiile integrării râurilor în ţesutul urban

Author(s): Ana Maria Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Urban rivers have historically played crucial roles in the development of cities, serving as transportation routes, sources of water and centres of economic activity. However, rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to the degradation of these vital water bodies. This paper aims to explore the benefits of integrating urban rivers into the fabric of cities through comprehensive planning and effective management strategies. Drawing on a thorough review of pertinent literature and insightful case studies, we delve into the potential advantages of such integration, including ecological restoration, enhancement of water quality, provision of recreational opportunities, and fostering community revitalization.

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The concept of the compassionate city as a response to the demographic and social challenges of European cities. A comparative analysis of Berlin and Warsaw

Author(s): Jan Goliński,Wojciech Dziemianowicz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The demographic transition and the aging process will be big challenges for urban centres in the Global North. It is necessary to consider how to prepare cities for the coming transformations. One of the solutions may turn out to be the concept of the compassionate city, created by Allan Kellehear. It assumes remodelling the functioning of urban centres to accommodate the most vulnerable – seniors, children, people with disabilities. The empirical part of the article examines Berlin and Warsaw. It presents the results of the analysis at two scales – macro (strategy documents) and micro (district). The strategy documents are analysed for the presence of elements of the compassionate city concept. The study examines districts where spatial analyses of the proposed indicators of the compassionate city were carried out. Finally, a comprehensive measure for assessing the level of development of compassionate city elements is proposed.

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Physical barriers constraining walkability in cities. Case study of Warsaw, Poland

Author(s): Karolina Sitnik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Warsaw faces problems connected with suburbanisation, car traffic as well as physical barriers challenging the city’s walkability. Numerous monofunctional spaces play a great role in Warsaw and are significant barriers to pedestrian access to critical services, an obstacle which the citizens face each day. This paper contains a spatial GIS analysis of accessibility to critical services such as health care, education, public transport, green infrastructure, sport, and recreation as well as culture from residential buildings in the capital of Poland in the context of Carlos Moreno’s 15-minute city concept. The author indicates the main monofunctional areas in the city which are the leading physical barriers for pedestrians.

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Functional mix on a city scale. Case study of Warsaw, Poland

Author(s): Maciej Misztal / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Functional mix is one of the foundations of creating a city that is friendly to residents. Mixing functions allows to reduce the distances necessary to meet various needs in the city. Due to its specificity, functional mix is analysed in the literature mainly at the scale of districts or neighbourhoods. However, according to the author, examining functional mix at the scale of the entire city may show the studied phenomenon in a new light. The following article presents a new method of studying functional mix based on the use of spatial data. The results show that it is possible to create a functional mix map showing the intensity and spatial structure of the studied phenomenon at a city scale. Thanks to this, it is possible, among other things, to identify problem areas that require thorough analysis.

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“Welcome to the park!” – Management and promotion of urban green spaces through the lens of local government social media

Author(s): Sylwia Kulczyk,Kacper Kuzak,Tomasz Grzyb / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper, we ask if the cultural ecosystem services provided by urban and suburban green spaces are noticed and managed by local governments. We respond to this question by analysing the content of the official Facebook profiles run by the local authorities of the Warsaw metropolitan zone. The number of posts focused on urban greenery was significantly smaller outside the city of Warsaw. Although none of the posts referred to cultural ecosystem services as such, recreation was a frequent topic. Local authorities actively promote environmental education and are aware of the importance of urban greenery in supporting the non-material needs of the citizens. However, they are reluctant to discuss their work and ideas. The main function of their Facebook profiles is to provide information and promote their own work. Green spaces that fall under the responsibility of local governments are subject to construction, renovation, and making green spaces user-friendly.

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Development of cities, the right to the city, and governance, as exemplified by Villavicencio, Colombia

Author(s): Mirosława Czerny / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the fragmented, socially and spatially polarised cities of Latin America, there is an expectation that local authorities will engage in good governance – and appropriately distribute public services – and consequently improve the living conditions of all inhabitants, especially those in the poorest social strata. But it is the poor, marginalised districts marred by chronic underinvestment that in fact dominate urban space, which results in tangible disparities in levels of access to municipal services in certain areas. Equally, institutions responsible for planning had long failed to take account of the needs of inhabitants in poor districts, focusing their efforts rather on large new developments involving roads and power supply. This state of affairs was maintained and even entrenched by weak public participation. It only started to change for the better in the 2010s, as bottom-up initiatives began to emerge to promote change in large housing estates. Villavicencio, Colombia, can be taken as an example of cities in which influxes of migrants have engendered a rapid increase in population, to the point at which inadequate development of infrastructure started to generate many major problems. That said, the inclusion of local communities in the governance process can now be obeserved to be yielding steady improvements in the situation at hand.

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Building social capital through climate change mitigation based on the example of Warsaw, Poland

Author(s): Michelle Mbazuigwe / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Social capital is a key aspect in implementing sustainable development and plays a major role in the development of urban spaces. The analogy between social capital and natural capital is noticeable, but there are clear barriers complicating the study of the interaction between these fields. Natural capital, like other types of resources, can be an important factor in community development. Shaping civil society through participation, facilitating communication, and increasing the quality of education is significant, but the differences between stakeholders’ approaches to shaping city space can be an issue. It is social capital, that is a more informed, cohesive, and active society, that faces the challenge of climate change mitigation.

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New Urbanism in assessing sustainability of Polish and American suburbs

Author(s): Dorota Mantey / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

While in the U.S. there are numerous suburbs entirely following the concept of New Urbanism or Food Urbanism, in Poland it is still challenging to find examples of such estates. The article is aimed at comparing two sustainable suburban neighbourhoods: Serenbe in Georgia, U.S., and Siewierz Jeziorna, Poland. It presents a new tool for evaluating suburban settlements based on LEED-ND and CNU. While in Poland we still mainly build the idea of urbanity on dense and accessible settlements that generate walking and neighbouring activities, Americans seem to be evolving towards Biophilic Design, Agrarian Urbanism, and the process of restoring human scale to cities and their suburbs based on culture and art. The broader spatial context, linkages, and location are the most neglected sustainable development elements, while the trend of urban design harmonious with nature is steadily gaining importance.

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Possibility of implementing the Barcelona Superblocks model in the post-COVID-19 city. Reflections on Latin America

Author(s): Maciej Kalaska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Many cities have seen the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity to realise, or rather a warning, that accelerated and equality-based transformation towards sustainability is a necessity. At the end of 2020, the mayor of Barcelona announced a large-scale plan to remodel the Eixample district according to the Superblocks model. The neighbourhood, which covers a large area, is planned to become a place where greenery and pedestrians are the protagonists. The project was preceded by intensive social consultations and takes into account the needs of children, elderly people, and women, that is, the groups whose voice was not heard in traditional city planning. Cities in Latin America are considering adopting the Barcelona Superblocks model. This text discusses the possibilities of implementing the aforementioned concept in Latin America. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of PESTE analysis, which is a variant of PEST analysis.

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