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This paper presents and analyzes the global geopolitical concepts of the 20th century distinguished scholars – geographers, geo-strategists and political scientists – A. Mahan, H. Mackinder, N. Spykman, J. Fairgrieve, S. Huntington, Z. Brzezinski, A. Dugin, and political-geographical and cultural-geographical position of the Serbian lands in those concepts. The aim is to demonstrate that many military and political challenges that the Serbian people faced in the past and the present century were primarily conditioned by the political-geographical and geo-strategic factors – the general geographic location of the Serbian lands, position relative to their neighbours and major powers and their geopolitical interests and concepts. In other words, this paper re-affirms the importance of political geography in the interpretation of important events in the past and present of the Serbian people.
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The research results presented in the paper refer to the territorial, demographic and functional organization of Negotinska krajina which is, in many ways, specific area in north-eastern Serbia. The researched area is a complex territorial system according to its position, economical and demographic areal and functional development. Physical and geographical basis is no longer a limiting factor of the inner structure and functional differentiation of Krajina. The effect the basis has on the development of Krajina is double: direct and indirect. The direct effect that the natural elements (configuration, climate, water, biogeographical and pedological features) have on city and village location can be seen in the possibility of their territorial and functional spreading. The indirect effects are realized through influencing population position and economical resources and their evaluation.
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War and warfare are related to human existence and actions. All have been during the course of time set into an actual frame subjected to multiple natural and social influences and laws. It is exactly the laws that can be precisely analyzed in leading warfare and other military actions, from training armed forces to preparation and selection of battlefield, application of military techniques and decisions on the level of tactics represented in actions, ways and means for achieving clearly oriented results on the level of smaller military units and strategy, as well as system of military knowledge and skills on preparation and leading war on the level of larger military units. Therefore achievements of history and geography are necessary for actions of military system, because with their achievements they indirectly support leading, decision making and organizing military activities during peace and war time. Military history and military geography have had, from the beginnings of institutional studying of military sciences, a significant position in Art of war as disciplines (branches) even though their point of origin is in their parent sciences – history and geography. In its core it is not just using the results of these sciences, since through theory and practice of warfare these sciences (history and geography) have been formed and transformed as special scientific disciplines that have been integrated into military theory and practice. During the sixty years work of School of Artillery and Military Academy, significant subjects with their place in the processes of educating of military personnel were the studying of history and geography in several forms. That studying had a principal goal, to acquaint cadets by learning history with events from the past, and by learning war practices to get them to make observations on certain experiences and lessons from the previous wars that would enable them easier understanding and give them ideas for resolving future war situations. From the perspective of geography, main goal was to enable cadets by learning and applying what they`ve learned to study those geographic features that have influence on leading, organizing and planning military actions and using armed forces in particular military situation. Learning national history and history of liberation wars of Serbia was supposed to nurture freedom traditions of Serbian people and by that influence developing patriotic feelings and strengthening morale of the future officers, and in the classes on Military Geography cadets were studying farther and nearer geographic regions, foremost on the level of strategy and tactics. Typical example of symbiosis of Military History and Military Geography in the Serbian Army, and their influence on creating war plan is represented by the preparations for the liberation of Old Serbia and Macedonia in the First Balkan War.
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In this paper I investigate Tito's space politics which followed his rhetoric of political in-betweeness and was marked by a specific logic of decentralization and territorial reorganization. After the Tito-Stalin-split, Yugoslavia’s 'Third Path' was literarily put on stage at its southern periphery where particular areas of an exclusive Yugoslavism were created on the archipelagos. Especially two forbidden insular areas, the President’s residence on the Brioni Isles and the prison-islands of Goli Otok and Sveti Grgur, give evidence of ambivalent socio-political strategies, i. e. of marginalization and exclusiveness respectively, that should guarantee a self-determined development and transformation into the visionary 'third' space. The prison camps in the midst of the Dalmatian holiday paradise and the imperial-cosmopolitan stage on the Brioni archipelago are regarded as pictorial examples of the former Yugoslavia's liminal condition. They constituted ‘anti-structures’ within a society which acted as a threshold towards a new socio-political order beyond the two major blocs of the Cold War era. In both cases, the territorial strategies of inclusion and exclusion give some indication of how the delicate balance between East and West was enabled by the creation of liminal spaces that would transcend and also transgress the Yugoslav socio-cultural system.
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Spatial sustainability implies an integration of economic, social, environmental and cultural issues taking into account their territorial particularities. Through the nature of their formation, as part of multi-disciplinary teams, geographers are called to be part of the planning process. Furthermore, the law entitles them to coordinate specific plans. The paper examines in detail the involvement of geographers in the elaboration and coordination of urban and spatial plans, with a special emphasis on their spatial distribution and potential area of influence. The results of geostatistical analyses indicate that the distribution and influence of geographers are sparse and uneven, concentrating around large university centers.
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Human rights are abstractly defined as the basic set of fundamental rights and freedoms owed equally to every person by virtue of being human. At its core, human rights are supported by the idea of human dignity, freedom, justice and world peace (UN 1948, Preamble). Human rights law aims at rendering this ideal more concrete by enacting a universal code that regulates the state’s actions towards individuals and groups (UN 1948, Preamble). The code aggregates a series of basic civil, political, economic, cultural and social rights that are meant to be protected irrespective of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status (UN 1948, art. 2).
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In the 1990s scholars and experts predicted that climate change would trigger mass human mobility within the following decades (Geddes, Sommerville, 2013). However, climate change effects are often not the only cause of movement, as people also consider other factors such as economic situation, political stability, insecurity, attachment to a territory, the cost of relocation and their perspectives on a new place to settle (Mayer, 2011). At the same time, climate change effects can also exacerbate other social problems like population growth in dangerous areas, widespread poverty, famine and pandemic diseases (Myers, Kent, 1995).
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The chpater presents a model for computing the accessibility to the main transport routes using GIS.
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This presentation aims to provide an overview of the urban transect and the smart code approaches. It casts the light on the importance of this approach and its role in enhancing the urban life in general. Also, it presents some international examples applied in this field.
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The war had a devastating economic and social impact on the city of Vukovar. After the end of the war, urban regeneration began, both the city and the port, which had a vital role in the local economy. From an economic point of view, the war determined the closure of the most important factories, which had thousands of employees until the beginning of the conflict. The restoration of the city of Vukovar was based on the creation, in 2001, of the Fund for Reconstruction and Development by the Croatian government. The fund became operational in 2002 and aimed to provide loans, stimulate investment, and support collaboration with other public authorities and private companies. This paper follows the most important measures taken to support the urban regeneration of the city. It was also highlighted the impact of Croatia's accession to the European Union on the Vukovar projects.
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Although we have the impression that we understand the urban texture in which we live, the city still holds surprises in the way it communicates everyday aspects, situations, and cultural history.The experience of the urban explorer, that flâneur/stroller mentioned by Guy Debord (1955) and the Situationist school, was until recently only a literary experience. The emotion of discovering the unusual in the urban daily life was communicated only in the form of textual narratives (Sinclair, 1997). Recently the psychogeographical approach to the city has become again a topic of interest. Although contemporary design transposed the behavioral codes of urban life into signs, it did not propose emoticons for the phenomenological experience of one who experiences the city.The original purpose of this paper is to translate the phenomenological experience of the urban explorer into infographics (which translates complex concepts into signs with condensed meaning) and to quantify and communicate emotionally and visually, the experience of the "invisible" [out of sight] cultural details to the hurried passerby.This paper will discuss the phenomenological (psychogeographical) experience of the city transferred into visual signs will be presented. The authors insist on the communicative value of infographics in making visible the hidden beauty of the city, the historical and esthetical details that are not seen by the passersby on the street, proposing a new urban visual language accompanied by visual design theory and cultural history explanations.
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During the 20th century, dialectologists dedicated numerous studies to the words used to refer to the fire salamander (Salamandra maculosa Laur.) in the central South Slavonic language. In the paper from 1962, Dalibor Brozović presents 120 names for the fire salamander out of which 40 are known only in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper, we extend the research and point to the existence of even more names for the fire salamander in the languages spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina: in the glossary, we list 96 words for the fire salamander, not taking into account the phonetic and the accent-based variants. Aside from the new names and forms taken from different sources, we also present new data about the aerial features of the already familiar terms. The variety of the words used to name the fire salamander, caused by both interlinguistic and external factors, is also manifested in the very roots of the words and their inflections. The analysis shows that the words are based on formation principles adding different suffixes to the same roots (kišavac, kišńak, kišo) or those adding the same suffixes to different roots (burńak, kišńak, vodńak). By means of a linguogeographic analysis of a part of the corpora collected, we have established the areal features for the roots and the names that have become quite widespread across Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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„Geografii dopravy můžeme definovat jako dílčí geografickou disciplínu, která se zabývá pohyby nákladů, osob a informací, a to v širokém společenském i fyzickogeografickém kontextu.“ (Seidenglanz 2008: 232). Protože důležitým prvkem dopravního trhu, který se podílí na přepravě nákladů a osob, je i železniční doprava, je v následujícím textu poskytnut přehled nejdůležitejších témat, která se v geografii dopravy v souvislosti s železnicemi a s jejich konkurenčním postavením na dopravním trhu v posledních letech řeší.
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The aim and the content of the contribution is a reflection on the meaning and concept of modern regional geography of Europe and the world as a training course intended for professionals in tourism. A concept that responds to the new needs in the field of sight-seeing tours.It is especially stressed the importance of applied physical geography and modern conceived the socio-economic and historical and cultural geography.Necessary adjustments are made examples of traits and originalit potentials and attractions, tourism in the various regions.
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In accordance with the changes in the Czech curricular documents, there is increasing pressure to strengthen cross-curricular links. While the problematics of cross-curricular cooperation began to be solved abroad in the 1980s and is actually implemented in a number of countries, in the Czech environment it has been the topic of professional discussions of the last few years and its implementation is hindered by a number of barriers. At the same time, there is a lack of research in the Czech environment to capture the implementation of cross-curricular education or its comparison in an international context. Klein and Newell (1998, p. 3) consider the interdisciplinary approach as “a process of answering questions, solving problems or topics that are too broad or complex to be appropriately addressed by a single discipline”, notwithstanding that “interdisciplinary studies are based on disciplinary perspectives and integrate their knowledge through the development of a more complex perspective”. Since interdisciplinarity remains often an underestimated concept in the Czech environment, the first partial aim of the paper is to introduce the possibility of integration of partial geographic and other professional disciplines through the topic of “movement”. In order for the interdisciplinary cooperation to be more applied by teachers at schools, their training needs to be taken already in the course of study. In order to determine whether future teachers are able to implement this form of teaching, an investigation has been carried out with students of the follow-up master’s studies for primary and secondary school teachers by a method of free writing on preassigned questions. Due to the qualitative nature of the students’ answers, their answers were coded and subsequently analyzed. The second part of the paper is to evaluate the results of the survey with the students in which they express their opinion on the preparation for the cross-curricular education.
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This paper aims to address the lack of international knowledge and research in interdisciplinary teaching and curriculum development, especially when it comes to the subjects of Physical Education and Geography. The authors analyse and compare elementary school curricular documents from two countries, the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovenia, to reveal how integration of Physical Education and Geography is embedded at the policy level in the selected countries.
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Current social needs emphasize the education of a person with creative thinking, capable of not only finding problems but also solving them. Different strategies are applied in the educational process according to the society’s requirements for an educated individual. On this basis, the appropriate content of education, organizational forms, didactic methods and the use of the latest didactic techniques are also determined. One way to achieve this is to introduce other teaching methods, such as inquiry-based teaching, into the teaching process. Inquiry-based learning aims to make science lessons more effective, especially at primary schools, and at the same time seeks to attract students to study them. It has an irreplaceable role in new, modern and successful ways of teaching science. The aim of the paper is to design methodological sheets in the 5th year of elementary school in terms of inquiry-based learning and their application to the teaching process.
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This chapter focuses on program leaders’ personal theories of experiential learning. While the program leaders in our study all agree that outdoor environmental education programs should be experiential, the individual leaders’ personal theories of what and how students should learn by experience vary considerably. In this chapter, we identify three distinctive types of leaders’ personal theories and show that each type provides different answers for program design and implementation. We also analyze these personal theories’ weak points, their deviations from research-supported educational theories, and their other inconsistencies. Finally, we discuss the potential relationships between program leaders’ personal theories and the other crucial decisions regarding program design that were covered in the previous chapters.
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