Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini – Rozi izvještaj

Author(s): Lejla Huremović,Masha Durkalić,Damir Banović,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): Bosnian

Publikacija Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini – Rozi izvještaj je značajna kako za samu LGBT zajednicu u Bosni i Hercegovini, njeno jačanje i povećanje vidljivosti, tako i za različite društvene institucije, organizacije i pojedince/ke zainteresovane za ovu problematiku. Publikacija promoviše pozitivan stav i podizanje svijesti o značaju zaštite LGBT ljudskih prava. Rozi izvještaj se sastoji od tri dijela: prvi dio se bavi seksualnom orijentacijom i rodnim identitetom u kontekstu ljudskih prava u BiH, drugi dio je analiza medijskog izvještavanja o seksualnim manjinama u BiH dok treći dio predstavlja analizu upitnika o ugroženosti i nezaštićenosti LGBT populacije u BiH. Rozi izvještaj je dio programa Ljudska prava, kojim se Sarajevski otvoreni centar bavi i koji na ovaj način pokušava napraviti promjene u javnim institucijama i društvu. Publikacija je dio našeg javnog angažmana, te na ovaj način podstiče društveni razvoj i jačanje kapaciteta. Rozi izvještaj nije klasični izvještaj o ljudskim pravima jer ne predstavlja same slučajeve diskriminacije, zločina iz mržnje i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta. Sarajevski otvoreni centar gradi kapacitete vezano dokumentaciju nasilja i diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta te vjerujemo da ćemo u narednoj, 2013. godini, moći objaviti izvještaj za 2012. godinu.

Uživanje ljudskih prava

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ljudska prava su univerzalna i nedjeljiva te se primjenjuju na sve ljude, uključujući i interspolne osobe. Univerzalna deklaracija o ljudskim pravima (UDHR) potvrđuje da su sva ljudska bića rođena slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima i da svakoj osobi pripadaju sva prava i slobode propisane tim instrumentom, bez diskriminacije po bilo kojoj osnovi, kao što su rasa, boja kože, spol, jezik, vjera, političko ili drugo uvjerenje, nacionalno ili društveno porijeklo, imovinsko stanje, rođenje ili bilo koji drugi status. Evropska konvencija o ljudskim pravima (ECHR) (ETS br. 5) također štiti sve ljude i sadrži otvorenu listu zabranjenih osnova za diskriminaciju.

Zakonsko priznavanje spola i roda

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Širom Evrope, informacija o spolu se zahtijeva za zvaničnu prijavu novorođene bebe, koja priznate spolove ograničava na dihotomiju “Ž” i “M”. Ovaj zahtjev se zasniva na uvjerenju da je spol “jedna od ključnih odlika identiteta osobe” i da se svi ljudi mogu jasno svrstati u jednu od dvije kategorije. Zauzvrat, ovim zahtjevom se vrši pritisak na roditelje da dijete učine ne samo “zakonski ‘nedvosmislenim’, već i fizički nedvosmislenim”. U većini država, kada se spol jednom upiše, teško ga je poslije promijeniti (ukoliko je uopće zakonski moguće), što uzrokuje “značajne poteškoće dotičnoj osobi”.

ZAJEDNICA ŽIVOTA OSOBA ISTOG SPOLA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

Author(s): Radenko Jotanović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U Republici Hrvatskoj je donesen zakon kojim se reguliše zajednica života lica istog spola. Radi se o Zakonu o životnom partnerstvu osoba istog spola (u nastavku teksta Zakon), koji je na snazi od 5.8.2014. godine.5 Ovaj zakon je usvojio Hrvatski sabor na zasjedanju održanom 15.7.2014. godine sa 89 glasova „za“ i 16 glasova „protiv“. Na taj način je, pored bračne i vanbračne zajednice, koja je regulisana Obiteljskim zakonom,6 priznato i životno partnerstvo i neformalno (de facto) životno partnerstvo kao zajednice koje predstavljaju porodični život. Praktično to znači da se obje porodične zajednice, (van)bračna i (neformalno) životno partnerstvo, tretiraju na jednak način.

ZAJEDNICA ŽIVOTA OSOBA ISTOG SPOLA U REPUBLICI SLOVENIJI

Author(s): Mirna Alibegović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U Evropskoj konvenciji za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda, svakom čovjeku se garantuje pravo na poštovanje privatnog i porodičnog života, muškacima i ženama, koji su zreli za brak, garantuje se pravo na brak i pravo na zasnivanje porodice bez konkretnog navođenja uslova da je riječ o braku između muškarca i žene. Nadalje, u Evropskoj konvenciji se bez ikakvih restrikcija jasno navodi da je uživanje prava i sloboda iz konvencije zagarantovano svakom čovjeku, bez diskriminacije na osnovu spola, rase, boje kože, jezika, vjere, političkog ili drugog mišljenja, nacionalnog ili socijalnog porijekla, povezanosti sa socijalnom manjinom, imovine, rođenja, ili bilo koje druge okolnosti.

ZAJEDNICA ŽIVOTA OSOBA ISTOG SPOLA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

Author(s): Darko Radić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U pozitivnom pravu Republike Srbije, brak se određuje kao zakonom uređena zajednica života žene i muškarca. Ovakav stav zakonodavca, odnosno nastojanje da se institut braka definiše, ima svoje uporište u moralnim normama i duboko ukorijenjenom sistemu pravno-političkih vrijednosti, odnosno oslanja se na domaću pravnu tradiciju.

PRAVA OSOBA ISTOSPOLNE ORIJENTACIJE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Boris Krešić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Istospolna zajednica nije priznata u pravnom sistemu Bosne i Hercegovine. Legalizacija istospolnih zajednica predstavlja jedan od narednih koraka koje Bosna i Hercegovina mora ispuniti ukoliko se želi pridružiti Evropskoj uniji. Iako zakonodavac istospolnim partnerima ne pruža nikakvu zaštitu, ipak postoje određene oblasti u kojima osobe istospolne orijentacije imaju određena prava.

ZAKLJUČAK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Brak je oduvijek predstavljao jedan od temelja porodice i predmet interesovanja društva, koje kroz pravnu regulativu nastoji pružiti odgovarajuću pravnu zaštitu, kako bračnim supružnicima, tako i braku kao instituciji. Međutim, reforme u nacionalnim zakonodavstvima, normativni akti međunarodne zajednice, naročito Evropske unije, kao i opšte prilike u savremenom društvu determinisali su značajne promjene. U gotovo svim savremenim pravnim sistemima, partnerima iz vanbračnih zajednica su priznata određena prava i dužnosti, što je odgovor na sve veći broj vanbračnih porodica. S druge strane, ukidanje diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i sve značajniji uticaj udruženja LGBT osoba, rezultirali su priznavanjem određenih prava i partnerima iz istospolnih zajednica. U nekim zemljama se otišlo i dalje od toga, pa se istospolnim partnerima dozvoljava zaključenje braka, usvajanje djece, medicinski asistirano roditeljstvo itd.

PRAVA I SLOBODE TRANSRODNIH OSOBA: PRAVO NA SAMOODREĐENJE RODNOG IDENTITETA

Author(s): Damir Banović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kada se govori o pravima transrodnih i transeksualnih48 osoba, ona se često poistovjećuju sa pravima LGB osoba. Odnosno, poistovjećuje se koncept ‘seksualne orijentacije’ sa konceptom ‘rodnog identiteta’. Ti pojmovi u pravnoj teoriji, pozitivnom pravu i u pravnoj praksi trebaju biti odvojeni jer se radi o različitim konceptima koji mogu ali ne moraju nužno biti povezani. Rodni identitet predstavlja jedan od fundamentalnih aspekata ljudskog života. Biološki spol se po pravilu dodjeljuje prilikom rođenja te postaje društvena i pravna činjenica. Relativno mali broj osoba doživljava neusklađenost sa svojom unutrašnjom percepcijom roda ili/i spola i onoga koji im je dodijeljen prilikom rođenja. Ljudska prava transrodnih i transeksualnih osoba su dugo vremena bila ignorisana i zanemarena, iako su problemi s kojima se transrodne i transeksualne osobe suočavaju veoma ozbiljni i često veoma specifični za ovu populaciju. Transrodne osobe upravo zbog neusklađenosti svog rodnog identiteta i spola pripisanog pri rođenju doživljavaju visok stepen diskriminacije, netolerancije i otvorenog nasilja. Iako je broj transrodnih i transeksualnih osoba relativno mali, radi se o veoma diverznoj grupi.

Socijalna zaštita na državnom nivou: pravni osnov i potreba dopune (BiH)

Author(s): Aida Hunček-Pita / Language(s): Bosnian

We can agree that in the field of social protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina, confusion prevails because of lack of social policies at the state level, and misunderstanding the basic concepts of social protection, social insurance, social assistance and social needs. Contribution to this situation was made by laws that were enacted at different levels and also their disparity in the definition of rights, the categorization as well as the amount of financial benefits for the same categories of socially vulnerable citizens. By this manner, authorities at all levels contribute to further violations of civil rights and discrimination among citizens, particularly those socially most vulnerable.

Zakoni o katastru Republike Srpske: Političko poigravanje sa pravom na imovinu

Author(s): Ena Gotovuša / Language(s): Bosnian

Within a period shorter than one year, the National Assembly of Republika Srpska passed two laws on land registries (cadastres). The Law on Republika Srpska Land Registry has been passed on 22nd of February 2011,and all the matters in the jurisdiction of land property courts are now vested rights within the executive authorities – the Republic Administration for Geodesic and Property and Legal Affairs of RS. Besides this arguable provision, the Law assigns precedence to current state of affairs, thus protecting the person in possession of a property to make entry of entering the given property into the registry, which constitutes a direct violation of the right to property of real owner. Acting upon the application of a member of the BH Presidency, on 23rd September 2011, the Constitutional Court passed a decision on provisional measure suspending the enforcement of the contested law until a final decision by the Court. The National Assembly of Republika Srpska, in the aim of preventing further assessment of the compatibility of this Law with the Constitution, passed a new Law on Land Survey and Registry of Republika Srpska in an emergency procedure. The new legislation, likewise, assigns wide range of powers to the Republic Administration for Geodesic and Property and Legal Affairs of RS. This analysis focuses on the Law on Land Registry and the Law on Land Survey and Land Registry of Republika Srpska. The earlier amendments to the Law on Land Registry, and in particular the recently commenced procedure of amendments to the Law on Real Estate Rights corroborate the argument that the contested legislation aims at dispossessing and depriving of the property rights of evicted or displaced persons from Republika Srpska.

Istine i kontroverze kinematografskog prava u Srbiji O jednom neopravdano (pravno) zanemarenom obliku umetničke slobode izražavanja

Author(s): Dejan Vučetić,Dejan Dabić / Language(s): Serbian

The paper critically assesses, from a legal point of view, one neglected aspect of artistic freedom of expression - the freedom of cinematographic speech. The most important sources and concepts of cinema law are presented and defined - far more precise than in the Serbian Cinematography Act. Authors have stressed out critical shortcomings of the current legal system of cinematography law in Serbia - such as the need to expand the subject of this law to all audiovisual arts. Furthermore, the authors point to the necessity of extending the circle of the authors of the movie on the director of photography, the chief editor, and dramatists; as well as the need for better protection of morals and other issues of public interest in Serbian society in the case they are offended by the movie's content. Finally, there is an unresolved issue of the status of the national film festival that needs to be regulated in future Audio-Visual Creativity Act.

Ustavnost člana 395 Zakona o parničnom postupku Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Harun Išerić / Language(s): Bosnian

Paper discusses constitutionality of the article 395 of the Law on Civil Procedure of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina which proscribes that provisions on expenses shall apply to the parties represented by the Public Attorney's Office. In such cases, the costs of the litigation shall include the amount that could be granted to the party as the remuneration for attorney. First part of the paper is devoted to the comparative solutions on this issue in Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro. Special attention is paid to the decision of constitutional courts on constitutionality of similar legal provisions in these countries. In second part of the paper it is discussed whether similarity and differences between lawyers and public attorneys provide arguments for constitutionality of such legal provision. Third part is dedicated to the compatibility of disputed provision with human rights, more precisely with right of access to the court and right to the property. That is done through four questions test: whether there is interference with these rights; was the interference conducted in accordance with the law; does the interference further a legitimate aim; is the interference necessary in a democratic society. It is concluded that there are more arguments in favour of the constitutionality of the article 395. In second hand, absence of the protective measures which could provide court with the discretion to exempt parties from paying remuneration to the public attorney could be potential argument of its unconstitutionality.

Pitanje ustavnosti dijela odredbe člana 395 Zakona o parničnom postupku Republike Srpske

Author(s): Lejla Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian

Od 2003. godine je zakonodavac u Republici Srpskoj opredijeljen za rješenje kojim se stranci koju zastupa javno pravobranilaštvo priznaju troškovi u parničnom postupku prema važećoj Tarifi o naknadama i nagradama za rad advokata. Primarna namjena Tarife je da služi za obračun naknade troškova i nagradu advokatima koji su upisani u imenik advokata pri advokatskim komorama. Zahtjev za ocjenu ustavnosti ovog rješenja, 2018. godine pokrenulo je 12 zastupnika Predstavničkog doma Parlamentarne skupštine Bosne i Hercegovine (PD PSBIH) navodeći argumente za njegovu neusklađenost sa Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine i EKLJP. Slično zakonsko rješenje egzistira i u državama regiona te su se o njegovoj ustavnosti očitovali Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske i Ustavni sud Republike Srbije, a očekuje se očitovanje do kraja godine i Ustavnog suda Republike Crne Gore. Stav o ovom pitanju indirektno je zauzeo i Evropski sud za ljudska prava. U analizi ću razmotriti argumente koji su iznijeti u zahtjevu za ocjenu ustavnosti zastupnika PD PSBIH u odnosu na zauzeta stajališta ustavnih sudova regiona i ESLJP, te u konačnici iznijeti vlastiti stav po pitanju ustavnosti ovog zakonskog rješenja.

№07 A Decade after EULEX: A New Approach to Improve the Rule of Law in Kosovo

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This report evaluates and identifies possible paths and areas for improvement for rule of law and judicial development under the EU’s planned flagship initiative and corresponding support mechanisms. The analysis and recommendations are based on an assessment of the current state of the rule of law and judicial institutions and of the progress and pitfalls of EULEX. As it prepares to fully dismantle, domestic institutions must prepare to take the driver’s seat, while collaborating early on with the EU to determine the implementation plan for new initiatives.

Drawing The Line in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Advocacy of Hatred Constituting Incitement to Hostility, Discrimination, and Violence

Author(s): Andrew Smith / Language(s): English

In this paper, ARTICLE 19 assesses the extent to which the criminal legal framework within Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) complies with its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to protect and promote the right to freedom of expression while prohibiting the “advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence” (“incitement” or “the advocacy of hatred that constitutes incitement”). Prohibitions on incitement in each of the four BiH criminal codes are poorly formulated and conflate a number of distinct issues. Key components of incitement, such as the need for “advocacy of hatred”, are overlooked and not included as essential elements of criminal offences. One consequence of this the blurring of the line between expression that should be prohibited and other forms of protected speech, including the right to offend others or denigrate national symbols and objects. At the same time, incitement is conflated with other forms of bias-motivated crimes, such as torture or property damage. Despite national, ethnic and religious tensions within BiH remaining very high, criminal prohibitions on incitement have not been enforced to sanction the most harmful forms of expression in the country. Absent specific provision for recognising bias-motivation in the commission of any criminal offence (prior to 2010 bias motivation was only recognised within a limited category of offences under each code), the incitement provisions have instead been used to prosecute bias motivated crimes where there was no advocacy of hatred or expression central to the case. Since reforms to the criminal codes in 2010 have provided alternative provisions for prosecutors to punish a broader range of bias-motivated crimes that are not incitement, there is now a strong case for reforming the incitement provisions so that they specifically address the most severe forms of harmful expression, while according adequate protection to fundamental rights. The analysis arrives at a series of recommendations to reform the criminal codes in BiH so that they comply international standards. We encourage all relevant stakeholders to initiate a national debate on this issue, and for any reforms to be treated as an opportunity for not only reshaping the criminal law but assessing where alternative prohibitions and positive policy measures may more effectively promote tolerance and protect the right to freedom of expression.

PIERCING THE CHINESE WALL IN ZRENJANIN: CIVIC ACTIVISM VS. LINGLONG

Author(s): Ivan Živkov / Language(s): English

Role of Tracking Applications in the Fight Against COVID-19 in the EU

Author(s): Marta Makowska / Language(s): English

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Member States began developing mobile applications to track people-to-people contacts. They are intended to help contain the expected increase in the number of cases as European economies re-open and the free movement of people within the community is restored. However, the role of these applications in fighting the pandemic in the EU will be limited, in part because of the law on personal data processing that protects the citizens’ privacy.

Research on Regulation, Availability and Practice of Abortion in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Delila Hasanbegović Vukas / Language(s): English

This publication outlines and analyses the regulation, availability, and practices of and access to abortion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first part outlines and analyses international and national legal framework pertaining to abortion and sexual and reproductive rights in a broader sense, with the aim of mapping the positive (existing) regulations in this area, and identifying gaps and room for improvement. Therefore, the first part of the report covers: – analysis of international documents that address sexual and reproductive rights and health, and – analysis of BiH legislation (Federation of BiH, the Republika Srpska, Brčko District of BiH) pertaining to healthcare, reproductive health, specifically abortion, statistical indicators and financing of services under health insurance. The second part outlines and analyses the practices of healthcare institutions and facilities in terms of recognition, enjoyment and exercise of the right to abortion from the perspective of availability of and access to abortion services. Furthermore, we present and analyse the experiences of women from BiH who have had the experience of abortion. In the end, the report presents the findings/conclusions of the research on the availability of abortion, and develops recommendations for improving access to abortion in BiH based on the findings of the research.

Protection of the EU and the National Financial System against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing

Author(s): Savina Mihaylova-Goleminova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter presents the key aspects of preventing abuse of the European Union’s financial system for money laundering and terrorism purposes, including organisation of the national system to counter money laundering, terrorist financing, and proliferation financing. Prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing is highlighted, including OECD measures, the practice of Bulgarian courts, etc.