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5.00 €

УСТОЙЧИВОТО РАЗВИТИЕ НА АКАДЕМИЧНИЯ СЪСТАВ И ПРОДЪЛЖАВАЩАТА РЕФОРМА В ПРАВНАТА МУ РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦИЯ

Author(s): Ekaterina Salkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In 2010, the Bulgarian legislator initiated amendments to the legal framework of academic development, aimed at introducing a decentralized approach to the awarding of academic degrees and the occupation of academic positions. These amendments received contradictory evaluation, and the substantial decline in the quality of scientific production as a result of their application cannot be denied. This result has become the reason for the introduction of new amendments in 2018, focused on the establishment of minimum national requirements and efficient monitoring of compliance with the law and the academic ethics.

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ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВОТО ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА АКАДЕМИЧНИЯ СЪСТАВ В АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОТО ПРАВОРАЗДАВАНЕ

Author(s): Darina Zinovieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study contains an analysis of cases during the period of implementation of the law until now. Cases are divided into three groups – general issues, substantive issues and procedure issues. The first part contains the matter of legal nature of the decision of the Faculty Council /the Scientific Council for the selection of a candidate for an academic position. The decision is an individual administrative act, according to the Article 21 of the Administrative Procedure Code. The Commission's decision on admissibility in a competition for an academic post is also an individual administrative act. The reasons are the same for both acts.There is a discussion about legal characteristic of the scientific jury and the differences in the two proceedings. When there is held a procedure for the award of a degree, decision of the scientific jury is an individual administrative act, because it creates the subjective right of the applicant to be awarded a degree. When there is held a procedure for the academic position, the scientific jury is an assistant administrative authority.Hypotheses are reviewed as the Faculty Council /the Scientific Council takes another decision, different from the proposal of the scientific jury. The study analyses problems in the calculation of impact factors; problems about additional reglamentation for an academic position in the Regulations of universities; problems about the procedural peculiarities in the return of the procedure; problems in the case of joint publications of the candidate with a member of the scientific jury, etc.

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4.50 €

Облагане на доходите и печалбата на чуждестранни лица в Република България

Author(s): Ganeta Minkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the issues of taxation of non-residents. The author focuses on the need of legislative change in the field so as to be created a common legal frame of the taxation on the income and profit of natural and juridical persons.

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Културни ценности и римскоправни аспекти на закрила на авторското право от плагиатство

Author(s): Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article specifies briefly the legal terminology used in Bulgarian legislation in relation to the cultural wealth – “cultural wealth”, “cultural heritage”, “cultural values”, respectively combined with the modifiers “national”, “historical”, “world”, etc. Considering the entire review of this legislation, the law in its historical development doesn’t conform to the notion of a cultural value. It is assigned an “official role” – to establish order and conditions for protection and preservation of cultural values, which are public domain.In this respect, although there is not a legal regulation in Roman law, the main topic of the article – plagiarism – is essential in contemporary law on the protection of cultural values and especially for the protection of copyright. The article is dedicated to plagiarism related mostly to the works of fiction literature. The conclusion offers a brief overview of the rules and principles of Roman law bearing universal validity in modern times as well.

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Музеят по българското право

Author(s): Angel Shopov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The analysis of the legal regime of museums searches for solutions to a number of issues, such as whether museums should be qualified as legal objects or as legal subjects. The latter prevails because our national legislator has recognized museums as a type of legal subject – legal entities (persons). The author scrutinizes museums' features as legal entities by clarifying their legal status and specifics in terms of the various general classifications of legal persons. In addition, some of the more important special classifications of museums as a particular kind of legal entity are considered.

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Опазване и управление на движимите културни ценности: Проблеми и перспективи в дейността на Регионален исторически музей – Пловдив

Author(s): Tanya Yoncheva,Vidin Sukarev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In 2019 will be ten years from the repeal of the old Law on monuments of culture and museums and its replacement with the Law on cultural heritage. The obligations, practices and activities in the work of museums, provided for in the new regulations and adapted to the requirements of the contemporary world and European legal norms, have led to various issues and difficulties. Main subject of this survey is the application of the provisions, related to the identification of movable cultural values and their registration in museum funds in practice of Plovdiv regional historical museum. At the same time will be discussed and analyzed other topical problems and issues in the system of cultural heritage protection in both legal and museum work aspect.

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Ролята на народните читалища за опазването на културното наследство – правни аспекти

Author(s): Ivan Karchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Preserving our cultural heritage has been of utmost importance through the years, regardless of the political and economic situation in the country. It is possible to assume that culture, in its most complete range of material and immaterial elements, is one of the pillars of one nation’s identity, both in its national and international aspects. Law is closely connected to public relations as far as our culture and cultural heritage is concerned. This is proved by the establishment of community centres – a unique form of Bulgarian cultural organization legally founded on freedom of civil communities and an act of charity. The present article is aimed at offering an explanation of the legal status of national community centres from their first appearance to modern days. Last, but not least, legal issues and offered for discussion along with proposed solutions in order for the community centres to function properly within the modern legal system. The public nature of such organizations, the need of their legal differentiation from foundations, associations and other NGOs by means of explicit legislation norms is emphasized. The material base, the economic activity of the community centres, the administrative burden their coordinators encounter is illustrated and the necessity for improvement in the future legislation is pointed out. Importantly, it has been almost a year since the community centres were included in UNESCO’s list for keeping good practices for safeguarding immaterial cultural heritage. In that regard, there is the necessity of state policy concerning the development of these purely Bulgarian cultural centres via good practices and the legal power of the local administration processes.

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Търговскоправни аспекти на учредителния апорт с предмет културни ценности

Author(s): Izabela Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The richness of a people’s traditions, its national and conceptual evolution is preserved through the memory of its cultural heritage. To ensure its longevity and endurance in time, however, appropriate safeguarding is required. The profoundness of research predetermines knowledge not only of the classical regulations but also of the regulations that although seemingly not pertinent to the matter, underlie the arising of various legal cases. The present article is aimed at summarizing some of the more important internal commercial law aspects of cultural heritage related to company law. More specifically, the various prospects for making an incorporation contribution in kind of objects with the status of cultural values will be discussed.

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CIZINEC V PRÁVNÍ PRAXI. NA PŘÍKLADU KNÍŽECÍHO MĚSTA OPAVY MEZI LETY 1643–1670

Author(s): Viktorie Ghiberti / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht das Phänomen des Fremden, das wegen der Vielfalt von Interpretationsansätzen eine Unzahl von Fragen anregt, die nicht nur auf dem Gebiet der anthropologischen oder soziologischen, sondern auch der historischen Forschung gestellt wurden. Die historische Forschung arbeitet im Rahmen der Inanspruchnahme des Begriffs insbesondere mit dem Terminus des Fremden im Äußeren, der seinen Sinn in Menschen am Rande oder in sozial anders profilierten Gruppen findet, die jedoch bereits von der Definition her ein Gegengewicht zu der Mehrheitspopulation darstellten, d.h. zu Menschen mit dem Recht (der Macht) zu bestimmen, wer der Andere ist. Bei einer näheren Betrachtung lässt jedoch auch dieses gut integrierbare Wir ein Bild entstehen, das aus vielen und vielen Unsicherheiten besteht, die nicht nur aus dem äußeren Umfeld in Form von Personen erwachsen, sondern es können damit auch sämtliche sonstigen Störungen der sozialen Interaktion bezeichnet werden, egal, ob sie diese unmittelbar oder nur indirekt betreffen. Das ist die erste Seite des Bildes, die es für die Beschreibung des Fremden im Äußeren erforderlich macht, auch sein Gegengewicht – das Fremde im Inneren – zu beschreiben. Das Fremde im Inneren basiert spezifisch in Bezug auf den Forschungsgegenstand auf der städtischen Umwelt, durch die eine Trennlinie in Form des Stadtbürgerrechtes gezogen wurde, das die Stadtbewohner dem Stand zuordnete und die Anderen in einer den Ständen untergeordneten Position beließ.

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SOUDNÍ PŘEZKUM HODNOCENÍ NA VYSOKÝCH ŠKOLÁCH

Author(s): Vojtěch Šimíček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Básník a spisovatel Petr Hruška nedávno publikoval text nazvaný „Příkoří“: „Autorem Charty 77 je obrozenec Josef Machar. Poetismus reprezentuje Václav Nezval a jeho sbírka povídek Básně noci. V povídkách Kundera vyzývá k lásce, i když ne moc. To všechno jsem se dočetl v písemných pracích, které jsou součástí zkoušky z předmětu dějiny české literatury uměnovědného oboru na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity. (...) Nedávno jsem odmítl uznat práci sestavenou z takových vět, jaké zmiňuji v úvodu. Vzápětí přišel dopis, v němž jsem vyzýván, abych to podrobně vysvětlil – studentka píše, že se připravovala velmi pečlivě, byla si jista svými znalostmi, na všechny otázky odpověděla v nemalém rozsahu a zdařile, takže v případě neuznání testu bude nucena stěžovat si děkanovi, který může podle zkušebního řádu moje hodnocení uznat za svévolné a učinit opatření nezbytná pro obnovení porušených práv studenta. Ano, přiznám se, že mne po dočtení dopisu sevřel strach, ač úplně jiný, než jaký zamýšlela dotyčná vyvolat... Neznalost, neschopnost dostát něčemu, není vlastně děsivá – vždyť k lidem přirozeně patří jako máloco. Děs dýchá teprve z toho, jak se dá z oné neschopnosti jednoduše ‚vybojovat‘, jak ji při ztrátě sebereflexe lze prohlásit za svévolnou újmu a pošlapávání práv a ukrýt tak – především před sebou samým – její pravou podstatu. Četl jsem dopis podruhé a uvědomoval si opět cosi obecnějšího: jak ochotně a často zaujímá člověk postoj, že když něco nezná či neumí, tak se mu děje příkoří.“

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Nestabilita právní úpravy cestovního ruchu v čr a nová evropská směrnice nahrazující směrnici 90/314/EHS

Author(s): René Petráš / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Legal regulation of tourism is rather a complicated issue. Legislation governing tourism in the Czech Republic is undergoing many changes in recent years. The aim of this paper is to analyze the legislation and compare it with European laws. The new Czech Civil Code came into effect on 1st January 2014. The most important provisions in the Civil Code applicable to tourism are those regulating a package tour contract and timeshare. There is a special law within the Czech legal system, Act No. 159/1999 Sb., governing some conditions for business activities in tourism. This legal regulation stems from the European Union Directive 90/314/EEC. The interpretation of the new Czech Civil Code has not been stabilized. Act No. 159/1999 Sb., governing some conditions for business activities in tourism, has not been sufficiently amended. There has been permanent discussion about insurance to be taken out by travel agencies, and also about tourist guides. However, Czech legislation must respect European law which is now subject to fundamental transformation in the field of tourism. It is assumed that the key Directive 90/314/EEC would be replaced this year.

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Contractual Risks in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Projects

Author(s): Iulia Daniela Postolea,Constanţa-Nicoleta Bodea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In a time of paradigm changes redefining the meaning of "work" concept and the way work is carried out, the processes automation became not only widespread but also necessary and efficient. These changes are supported by the usage of the software robots. The Robotic Process Automation (RPA) projects implement process automation solutions that might be used for different processes that involve repetitive tasks and indispensable, even if they do not have a significant added value per see. The initiation of this type of projects must take into consideration not only the benefits that might be achieved, but also the potential financial losses, due to contractual imperfections or/ and the defective results of robots’ performance. In this paper, the authors identify the contractual typologies applicable to RPA projects and evaluate the contractual elements that have the potential to cause financial losses as well as proposals for mitigating the identified risks. We consider that the paper covers a gap identified in the literature.

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What are the risks of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) from intellectual property law perspective?

Author(s): Nikol Popovská / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Non-fungible tokens, called NFTs for short, are not only one of the biggest game changers in the digital marketplace, but they are also raising a lot of attention in the field of intellectual property law. The NFT boom that began in 2021, particularly in the art world, has already caused numerous intellectual property disputes. This paper focuses on analysing various issues related to copyright, trademarks, and the problem of potential infringement of these rights in the case of NFTs. The starting point is to identify what NFT is in the first place. Can NFT be used to transfer copyright, or could it be considered as a form of license? If someone makes an NFT without the author's consent, is it a copyright breach? This paper aims to find out whether NFTs can be considered unauthorized copies of an original work or product under applicable law and whether a copyright infringement claim can be raised. This will be done in particular by outlining the legal argumentation of the ongoing lawsuits. Therefore, this paper's contribution should be to set out possible legal risks to those operating in the art market or those whose trademarks have not yet been extended to the metaverse.

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Правото и политиката през VI в. сл. Хр. - за един християнски свят

Author(s): Rosalía Rodríguez López / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article assumes that the Serdica Edict of Tolerance issued by Galerius in 311 AD has laid the foundations for the Edict of Milan, 313 AD issued by emperors Constantine and Lucinius. On the basis of these edicts the politics of Constantine after 323 developed into a distinct favouritism towards Christian religion even though the Roman-Greek cult hadn’t been banned since it was practised by the upper classes. The Roman Empire gradually turns into the Christian Empire and the bases laid by Constantine in the private and public law based on justice, equality, compassion and charity are the foundations of the ideology as well as in the argumentation in legislative activities of following emperors. The study emphasizes the administrative aspects of the Christian influence related to the theory of power which were consolidated during the reign of emperor Justinian. Justinian develops one ambitious programme which aims to revive the Roman Empire. It is known as ‘renovatio imperii ’ (restoration of the Empire) and this programme spreads in all areas of public life. The emperor relies on the help of the clergy, in order to achieve the expected results. In return of their help he grants exclusive privileges and protection noted in the legislation from that period. The concept of the power in the Empire being unified, supreme, Christian, relying on divine legitimacy is established in Constantine’s time. Justinian adopts Constantine as his role model and just the latter he combines political and religious interests and it this way Justinian solidifies the principles of rule and the system of theocratic aristocracy and with a model of absolute power.

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Въпроси на семейното право

Author(s): Tsanka Tsankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The author presents legal issues regarding contemporary Family law. In the article are discussed matters of claim proceedings of determining paternity and legal aspects of cohabitation of partners in de facto marital status.

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Трудово и служебно правоотношение

Author(s): Vassil Mrachkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article refers to issues regarding the common ground and the differences between labour and civil servant legal relationships according to the Constitution and the Labour code. The author examines legal status of the worker and the employee as well as legal aspects of continuing legal relationship, paid labour, legal authority, legal subordination, private interest and public interest.

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Продажба на дял от съсобствен недвижим имот от родител при малолетен съсобственик

Author(s): Ventsislav Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Subject of the article is the sale of share by a parent of co-owned real estate with his or her minor considering the requirement of the Property Law of sending a preliminary purchase offer. The author examines in that respect the legal issue of the child’s representation and the need of appointing a special guardian, court permission of the deal according to the Family Code and possible voidance of the statutory conditions are not met.

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Договорна суброгация по българското право

Author(s): Tolik Genchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is contractual subrogation – a contract that transfers the creditor’s rights to a third party at performance of the obligations by the latter. The article examines whether the Bulgarian legal system allows the contractual subrogation considering the direct effect of European Union law.

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Относно същността на компенсацията на вини при договорната отговорност

Author(s): Andrean Slavchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report indicates the main theories justifying the legal nature of the culpa compensatio in contractual liability in a comparative legal aspect, as well as the understandings of the rule of Art. 83, para. 1 of the Obligations and Contracts Act in Bulgarian legal doctrine. The legislation and views on the legal nature of the creditor's contribution to non-performance and its interpretations in France, Italy, Germany and Great Britain are considered.

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Изпълнение на договора в полза на трето лице

Author(s): Petar Topurov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines general issues about the performance of third-party beneficiary contracts. For this purpose, a review of judicial practice and legal theory is made in relation to the issues regarding the subject of performance, the agreed right to performance by the beneficiary as one of the criteria for the presence of a contract in favor of a third party, the principles of performance, and time and place of performance. In conclusion, the following de lege ferenda proposals are made - an explicit settlement of the moment of emergence of the beneficiary's right and the possibility to request performance, as well as the need to notify him/her of the concluded contract in his favor.

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