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The importance given to the pragmatic and functional nature of humor in the educational system expresses the existence and assumption of specific teaching strategies of the school organization. The idea we want to analyze is to see to what extent the use of humor in didactic activity becomes relevant and, at the same time, to analyze the (direct/indirect) relationship between it and the social and educational reality. Thus, we are interested in capturing the main ideas that refer to such an approach to humor in relation to the idea of education and, implicitly, to the didactic activity.
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This paper aims to theorize the interplay of the mythic imaginary with education and ideology, focusing on the case of Kosovo. After the Second Wold War, a hundred Albanian-language primary schools were opened. 1970 saw the establishment of the University of Prishtina which has had a great impact not only on educational policy but also on the national political agency. This is how the educational policy came in contact with political myths. After Kosovo’s autonomy was abolished in 1991, the Albanian schools and university were closed by the police forces. Education soon took over the mission of the parallel state by being implied in national ideological agencies. This ideological implication continued even after 1999, when an international protectorate was established under UN auspices. Within this political milieu the process of reform has been sketched, a process which has presented reform mainly as a protection from the wrong way, by employing political myths to create tomorrow’s leaders.
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The main subject of the article is a discussion of Witold Gombrowicz’s philosophical views, which were presented in the cycle of lectures delivered by him in Vence at the turn of April and May 1969, in the presence of his wife, Rita, and two of his friends: Iza Neyman and Dominic de Roux. In 1971 the lectures, written down by writer’s friends, were published in French as Guide de la philosophie en six heures un quarto (“Philosophy course in six hours and quarter of an hour”). Author of the article shows Gombrowicz’s predilection to existentialism and structuralism– two contemporary doctrines which, in his own opinion, the writer discovered himself as the first in Europe in his debut novel entitled Ferdydurke (1937). Philosophical course presented by Witold Gombrowicz two months before his own death, was compared in the end of the article to the message (main idea) of the late poem by Czeslaw Milosz entitled Vocative, written in the end of the 20th century. In this dramatic text the death was described as destructive, dull and unconscious power. Both, the Gombrowicz’s philosophical course, as well as Milosz’s late poem Vocative – can be interpreted as testimonial of heroic human intellect and soul in their uneven struggle against sickness and death, concluded author.
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In this text-experiment I will try to think in a new direction the proximity of illustricture with the figurology of Boyan Manchev. Illustricture is a dynamic mode of work of the introduced here concept figure-form (dynamized form), through which it becomes understandable why and how a figurative potentiality can evolve to a conceptual opportunity. Figurativеness can also be thought as one unlocking its own field of potentiality and self-actualizing forceful virtuality. The non-classical hypothesis of that experiment is: the being’s act of affirmation of linguistic meanings illustricturatively creates (unpredictable) essences, as long as it contains within itself repetitive structure charged with deviation.
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Artykuł postuluje odbudowę wspólnoty akademickiej w oparciu o jasno określone kryteria oceny pracy naukowej oraz stanowienie relacji na każdym poziomie w oparciu o wzajemny szacunek. Autor koncentruje się na szacunku jako zasadzie naczelnej, przenikającej działalność społeczności uczonych. Przejawiać się on musi przede wszystkim w odpowiednio kształtowanej komunikacji oraz efektywnej współpracy. Szczególna uwaga autora jest skoncentrowana na młodych adeptach nauki, którzy najbardziej doświadczają feudalnych stosunków władzy i przemocy symbolicznej.
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Russian propaganda co-opts western grassroots criticism of liberalism and globalization, recasting both left and right populism in nationalist terms. Vice versa, local actors borrow the Russian propaganda package and use it for their populist purposes. This is the general finding of the analysis of Bulgarian media discourse, 2013-2016, analysis that proceeded in three steps: semantic analysis of the vocabulary of the anti-liberal and anti-democratic propaganda and extractionof specific keywords and catch phrases; frequency analysis of the usesof these words and phrases in 3080 on-line media outlets for four-year period; content-analysis of a sample of 3305 single publications from 8 typologically different media outlets. The analysis identified four simplistic and interrelated anti-liberal and antidemocratic theses:The US and NATO are a global hegemon/puppet-master which is pulling the strings both of Brussels and of national governments; Europe is dying because of its cultural decline (‘liberasty’) under the blows of the migrant invasion unleashed by the US, and because of the lame-duck, puppet European bureaucracy (‘Eurocracy’). In the final analysis, Europe is dying because it is united: the EU is a construction which serves the interests of the US and of global corporations, and it is an enemy of the European peoples; Russia is rising. Although it is a victim of Western aggression, Russia is a guardian of its age-old sovereignty and of traditional values, and it is actually the true saviour of Europe; Bulgaria’s liberal elites are venal: civic movements, human rights organizations, independent media outlets, pro-western politicians and parties are represented as an indistinguishable whole, and all of them are ‘foreignagents’ – puppets of foreign interests.The populist-propaganda discursive front developing in the Bulgarian publicsphere since 2013 is distinctly ‘pro-Russian’, although the data show that it is not always directly inspired by Russia. The content-analysis identified three different rationales of using those clichés.
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The text establishes parallels between the cultural pattern of urban festivities and modern media. Based on field work carried out in 2015–2017 in different Bulgarian cities, it tries to systematize the inter-relation between festive events and media –informing, sharing, re-interpreting, appropriating, parodying. The focus is on the way in which festive events are transformed into platforms for disseminating messages of various kinds – political or artistic, community or market oriented. In such a way urban festivities are instrumentalized, becoming a kind of new form of public media.
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Formulations such as ‘hybrid war’ that have been used to try and explain Russia’s political campaign against the West have political utility but little scholarly relevance. Apart from the fact that the Russians themselves see gibridnaya voina as a Western approach used against them and their allies, the term also conflates two distinct, even if overlapping Russian concepts. To the military, such non-kinetic means as subversion, hacking, disinformation and sabotage are instruments with which to prepare the battlefield, as in Crimea. However, to the national security establishment, they are an alternative to direct military operations, and it is this kind of ‘political war’ that is being waged on the West. Understanding this distinction is crucial for a proper appreciation of the nature of the challenge and the most effective means with which to resist it.
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This paper aims to study five ideological dimensions of anti-democratic propaganda in Bulgarian media that articulate in a variety of perspectives the same general talking points: ‘The decline of Europe’, ‘The rise of Russia’, ‘Bulgaria’s venal elites’, ‘The US/NATO as global hegemon/puppet-master’. Its task is to check the ‘elasticity’ of Bulgarian anti-democratic propaganda, to see how, and to what extent, the general talking points can be rearranged and extended in different ideological directions so as to encompass different social stereotypes and discontents and package them around three basic oppositions: nationalism versus liberalism, the people versus the elites, Russia versus the West. The paper also attempts to clarify what are the political implications and what is the future of the world that the ideological variations of the main propaganda talking points presuppose and suggest.
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Review of: Thomas Schmidinger, Rojava: Revolution, War and the Future of Syria’s Kurds, London: Pluto Press, 2018, 298 pp., (ISBN: 9780745337722). Nazand Begikhani, Aisha K. Gill and Gill Hague, Honour-Based Violence: Experiences and Counter-Strategies in Iraqi Kurdistan and the UK Kurdish Diaspora, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2015, 189 pp., (ISBN: 9781409421900). Mehmet Orhan, Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey: Fragmentations, Mobilizations, Participations and Repertoires, Oxon: Routledge, 2016, 294 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-317-42044-6) H. Akin Ünver, Turkey’s Kurdish Question: Discourse and Politics since 1990, Oxon: Routledge, 2015, 196 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-138-85856-5). Veli Yadirgi, The Political Economy of the Kurds of Turkey – From the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 334, (ISBN: 9781316848579). Burak Bilgehan Özpek, The Peace Process between Turkey and the Kurds: Anatomy of a Failure, London: Routledge, 2017, 80 pp., (ISBN: 9781138564107).
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The purely introspective philosophy, based on reasoning and that from centuries has analysed the mental activity of man needs the scientific research of brain, the only real method of objective investigation of the mental processes. I called this association ‘neurophilosophy’. In this paper, the cerebral processes involved in the knowledge of truth are described: he phenomenal analysis, the epistemic one, processes as thinking, judgement and consciousness.
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Tetra-lemma with four truth values "true", "false", "true and false", "neither true nor false" appeared in Buddhist logic. Why is Tetra-lemma interesting forus? It is for its avatars, in some cases, in the context of Western epistemology. In these fugitive notes, without claiming completeness, we will focus on how Tetra-lemma slipped in some systems of Western philosophy.
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Is there a hidden reality that governs our Universe ? Wheeler, Bekenstein, Susskind, and ‘t Hoft, all of them renowned physicists,the latter being a Nobel laureate, sustain this concept. It is about a theory, recently set out by the four physicists mentioned before, the so - called Theory of the Holographic Universe that puts the information in the first place. Today, this theory is accepted by a group of physicists that is growing steadily, and that studies the String Theories. First, Stephen Hawking predicted that the „black holes”, which seemed to be swallowing everything, were manifesting their presence by emitting radiation with an extremely low temperature. If a black hole can evaporate, a most portion of the information it contains is lost forever, said Hawking.Later on, it was the turn of Leonard Susskind, one of String Theories’ founder, and ‘t Hoft, both of them working under Wheeler’s guidance, to state that Hawking radiation emitted by a black hole represents the support, material substratum that delivers information related to what is happening in such a hole. This information remains on the surface of a universe that is created through a Big Bang by that black hole (Bekenstein, Susskin, ’t Hoft). And, as a laser beam that passes through bi-dimensional symbols on a transparent surface will generate a tri-dimensional hologram, in the same way the information on the surface of a universe such as ours will generate, in an adequate way, within it, all tri-dimensional entities inside the universe.Juan Maldacena formalized this theory with an audacious mathematical conjecture. Briefly, here is the story of the „Holographic Universe”. The most important fact for us is that Mihai Drăgănescu's Ontological-Informational Model -very similar but not identical with the Holographic Universe Model- was formalized before the last one. And according to Drăgănescu's approach, the Theory of the Holographic Universe may be considered a particular case of the Ontological-Informational Modelas you will see in this paper later on.
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We are largely surrounded by increasingly complex technical systems. These systems often border on the absurd even though they rely on logical and physical reality. This is because they move away from the “logical efficiency”of natural forms. This text approaches some specific aspects of entities which are achieved by human beings,i.e. those connected to their “formative structure”.I emphasize that the aesthetics and the functions of such products are determined by the consonance between the formative structure and a natural structure, and I called this “architectural thinking”. As an example, I consider the well-known “golden number” found both in the human body and in artistic and technical products such as Parthenon.Two questions which thistext addresses are: What is a “formative structure”? How can the consonance, or harmony, between such structure and that of a “natural” one be approached?
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The article addresses the structure of scientific research in the context of the methodology of science. This goal is realized through the concrete material of physical theory, detailing the structure of scientific research and its elements; its process and the laws it obeys; its results, which leadthe process; its motives, e.g. the "driving forces" of research and the role of philosophy in the process.The paperexamines the theoretical phase of researches as a synthesis of the empirical and the speculative,in contrast to the existing literature that presents the opposition between theoretical and empirical research. The steps of knowledge of the objective laws in a particular area are analysed: the empirical research,the non-fundamental theoretical,the speculative, and the fundamental theoretical; this analysis allows the generalization of the patterns of scientific research. Particular attention is paid to the speculative research and its main elements. The“methodological mechanism” of formation of new fundamental conceptions in science is unravelled. The essence of this mechanism consists of some non-logical cognitive operations (idealization, choice of “Gestalt”, substitution, generalization). The knowledge of corresponding combinations of these operations made by the investigator facilitates the process of research, decreases the probability of errors in the scientific cognition.
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Pro Caecina is a speech delivered by M. T. Cicero on behalf of A. Caecina in a civil case concerning the ownership of a farm near Tarquinii. Caecina had inherited this farm from his wife Caesennia, but her former agent, Sextius Aebutius, attempted to claim ownership. This speech was made (usually dated to 69 BC) at the end of a series of actions between Caecina and Aebutius concerning the farm. Cicero explains the history of the situation in the opening of his address in order to demonstrate the reasonableness of Caecina's actions.
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