FRAGMENTI RATNIČKOG DISKURSA - PREDGOVOR

Author(s): Obrad Savić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Prva zamisao ovog filozofskog zbornika o ratu njegovom diskursu nastala je početkom devedesetih godina. Ta zamisao nije bila lišena, tako da kažem, mirovnjačke diplomatije. U pozadini ubrzanih i veoma dramatičnih dogadaja u Jugoslaviji, postepeno koncepcijsko uobličenje zbornika poprimilo je didaktičke tonove. Ono što je ovaj zbornik nastojao da rekonstruiše u području teksta, ponovo je, u svoj žestini, progovorilo kontekstualno. U ranim devedesetim, javni diskurs su nasilno kolonizovali upravo oni elementi govora rata za koje sam verovao da su odavno otpisani i nepovratno arhivirani. Neprosvećene i sasvim primitivne forme militarističkog diskursa nezadrživo su provalile u svakodnevni život. Uprkos neobično čestom iskustvu rata, s kojim smo se ovde i sada ponovo susreli, iznenadio me je nizak teorijski nivo ratničkog diskursa. Pod naletom gole sile, procedura racionalnog argumentisanja sasvim je izostala: atavizam ratnih sredstava ponovo je preuzeo mandat kultivisanim inicijativama.

FRAGMENTS OF WAR DISCOURSE - INTRODUCTION

Author(s): Obrad Savić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The initial idea of this philosophical anthology on war and its discourse was formed at the beginning of the Nineties. This idea was not deprived of, so to say, pacifist diplomacy. In the background of accelerated and very dramatic events in Yugoslavia, gradual conceptual shaping of the anthology took on didactic overtones. That which this anthology attempted to reconstruct in the area of text started speaking again, with all vehemence, contextually. In the early nineties public discourse was forcefully colonized by precisely those elements of war talk which I believed had been long ago written off and irretrievably archived. Uneducated and totally primitive forms of militaristic discourse irrepressibly burst through into everyday life. In spite of exceptionally frequent war experience with which we have met here, and were now meting once again, I was surprised by the low theoretical level of war discourse. Under the surge of naked force, the procedure of rational argumentation was completely absent: atavism of war means once again overtook the mandate of cultivated initiatives.

EROS, TANATOS, PLATON I RAT

Author(s): Emanuele Severino / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Platon u Državi govori o ratu kao o »temeljnoj veštini«, što znači da je rat posebna forma rada, moguća samo u okvirima organizovane »podele rada«, koja, opet, predstavlja vrhovnu veštinu pólisa. Rat je, dakle, »demijurg«. Upravo delo demijurga dovodi do krajnje granice destruktivno obeležje demijurškog - kao što kasnije kapitalizam do krajnje granice dovodi obeležje konstruktivnosti.

TRAKTAT O NOMADOLOGIJI: RATNI STROJ

Author(s): Gilles Deleuze,Félix Guattari / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sukcesivno, nailazimo na tri problema: da li je bitka »predmet« rata? I još: da li je rat »predmet« ratnog stroja? Najzad, u kojoj je meri ratni stroj »predmet« aparata Države? Dvosmislenost prva dva problema zacelo proizlazi iz termina predmet, ali uključuje i njihovu zavisnost od trećeg termina. Zbog toga se i moraju razmatrati jedan za drugim, makar time bili navedeni da umnožavamo slučajeve. Prvo pitanje, pitanje bitke, stvarno zahvata neposredno razlikovanje dva slučaja: prvog, gde se bitka traži, i drugog, gde je ratni stroj suštinski izbegava. Ta dva slučaja uopšte se ne poklapaju sa ofanzivom i defanzivom. Međutim, izgleda da je predmet rata u pravom smislu te reči (prema jednoj zamisli čiji vrhunac nalazimo kod Foha) bitka, dok gerila za sebe izričito pretpostavlja ne-bitku.

Na rubieżach społeczeństwa. Wizerunki paryskich imigrantów we współczesnym kinie francuskim

Author(s): Marta Kasprzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The urban landscape of Paris has been an important element of the diegetic space constructed by filmmakers for almost a century. Already in the 1920s, René Clair and Alberto Cavalcanti placed locale of their films—representing the genre of urban symphonies—in the capital of France, making the urban space not only the background of screen episodes, but their full-fledged protagonist. Over the following decades, Paris has marked the boundaries of the world populated by the variety of characters, among which the category of immigrants deserves particular attention. Complex relations between foreigners and natives or state authorities have become the subject of numerous films belonging to beur cinema and cinéma de banlieue. The issue of assimilation, characteristic for foreign visitors, is shown on the example of the following films: La haine by Mathieu Kassovitz, Dheepan by Jacques Audiard, and Peur de rien by Danielle Arbid. In the chapter On the boundary of society. Images of Parisian immigrants in contemporary French cinema Marta Kasprzak proposes to treat the motif of the city's presence in films as a focal point for socio-cultural reflection that encapsulates the phenomenon of atrophy of social bonds, apparent cultural assimilation, and acts of violation of the applicable law or social orderThe urban landscape of Paris has been an important element of the diegetic space constructed by filmmakers for almost a century. Already in the 1920s, René Clair and Alberto Cavalcanti placed locale of their films—representing the genre of urban symphonies—in the capital of France, making the urban space not only the background of screen episodes, but their full-fledged protagonist. Over the following decades, Paris has marked the boundaries of the world populated by the variety of characters, among which the category of immigrants deserves particular attention. Complex relations between foreigners and natives or state authorities have become the subject of numerous films belonging to beur cinema and cinéma de banlieue. The issue of assimilation, characteristic for foreign visitors, is shown on the example of the following films: “La haine” by Mathieu Kassovitz, “Dheepan” by Jacques Audiard, and “Peur de rien” by Danielle Arbid. In the chapter “On the Boundary of Society. Images of Parisian Immigrants in Contemporary French Cinema” Marta Kasprzak proposes to treat the motif of the city's presence in films as a focal point for socio-cultural reflection that encapsulates the phenomenon of atrophy of social bonds, apparent cultural assimilation, and acts of violation of the applicable law or social order

The Myth of Er and the Roots of Literary Polyphony

Author(s): Atanas Manchorov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper seeks to explain why literary polyphony is not only a formal analogy, as Bakhtin argues, but also a significant offshoot of Western learning. In the myth of Er, the spindle of Necessity (Ananke) represents the universe: when in motion, celestial bodies make music (musica universalis), which is by its very nature polyphonic. Hence, attention is drawn to this concept and its presence into the integrated liberal arts curriculum: from Pythagoras and Plato to Robert Fludd and Kircher. The conclusion is that Dostoevsky’s literary polyphony is not a complete novelty and that his contribution is one of degree rather than kind.

Нужният Бахтин

Author(s): Ana Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current text aims at showing the place and role of the scientific inheritance of M. M. Bakhtin in the context of the humanitarian philosophical paradigm of XX and the beginning of XXI century. In time still marked by the crisis of postmodernist thinking, by the lost fundamentals and grounds of the very literature and the theory of literature itself, the philosophical and the aesthetic research of M. M. Bakhtin are a possibility for return. A necessary return to human and humanity, to responsibility and sense, by means of which and because of which we are.

Wyobrażenia zbiorowe – próba kategoryzacji pojęcia

Author(s): Magdalena Rekść / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the text is to define and examine the concept of collective representations which was introduced by Émile Durkheim many years ago, but since that not many scholars have brightly analysed it. According to the author, collective representations can be described as the system of following elements: myths and stereotypes, collective memory, collective identity, axio-normative system (including culture and religion) and collective emotions. All the elements mentioned aboveThe aim of the text is to define and examine the concept of collective representations which was introduced by Émile Durkheim many years ago, but since that not many scholars have brightly analysed it. According to the author, collective representations can be described as the system of following elements: myths and stereotypes, collective memory, collective identity, axio-normative system (including culture and religion) and collective emotions. All the elements mentioned above are related to each other, so one can say that the system constantly works. That is why collective representations are not constant, they regularly evolve according to political atmosphere and ideological context.

Dlaczego Zachód wymiera? Oświeceniowe źródła trendów antypopulacyjnych. Wzorce konsumpcji, samorealizacji i zbawienia w doczesności

Author(s): Konrad Hennig / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The western societies are shrinking and getting older. These demographical processes have roots in civilizational solutions explored and imposed by the revolutionaries of Enlightenment. The cultural patterns created by the 18th century philosophers are still and continuously actual. The set of modern and postmodern ideas including consumerism, self-realization and salvation during mortal life are the core reasons of demographical problems of western societies. People aren’t eager to have families and children. They perceive the traditional way of life as a personal sacrifice. They feel a strong need to devote themselves to their own desires and joys. People live their lives as they were to be the last generation of their nations and seem not to be worried or even concerned by that fact.

Korzenie utopii

Author(s): Andrzej Sepkowski / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

“Ideology” of utopia is an abstraction of the methaphoric system of beliefs, values and institutional relationship that characterize a particular culture or society; mythology is the body of traditional narratives that exemplifies and historicized ideology. Myths are stories drawn from history, that have acquired through usage over many generations a symbol¬izing function central to the culture of the society that produces them. The language of myth assimilates the peculiar and contingent phenomena of secular history to archetypal patterns of growth and decay, salvation and damnation, death and rebirth. So formulated myths support that by understanding and imaginatively reenacting the conflict resolution of the past, we can interpret and control the unresolved conflicts of the present. The belief in ideal (utopistic) worlds is one of the oldest and most enduring patterns in we¬stern civilization. The idea that human history is divinely ordained and will lead to a period of heavenly perfection on earth can be dated at least as far back as the early prophecies. The search for salvation on earth is an obviously important component of the quest from ancient to our times. Its obvious, that every nation experiences its own fears and hopes and every tries to habituate them. Every nation needs a vision of utopia.

Istota jej odmienna zgoła… O Tiutczewowskiej formule-micie rosyjskości i Rosji

Author(s): Marian Broda / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

According to the canonical, for the Russian cultural tradition and the communal consciousness of the Russians, poetic formula presented by Fyodor Tiutchev, Russia is – unlike all the other countries, inexplicable in the notions of profane knowledge – the sacred Reality. As Wladimir Soloviev appropriately recognized the nature of the accompanying conceptualization the world, it assumes, expresses and explains the understanding of Russianhood and Russia in terms of a “soul” and the “soul of the world.” In turn, according to the identification-diagnosis by Andrzej Walicki, we are dealing here with “Tyutchev’s imperial vision,” which, please note, confirms both the content articulated by the poet in the poem On the Taking of Warsaw as well as his apoetical political texts. In the theoretical perspective, co-created by both of these interpretative methods, it is worth looking into the mythical content and implications of the analysed vision of Russianhood and Russia as well as the mental-social basis, and the consequences, of its still lasting vitality.

Żydowska Koncepcja Przymierza w ujęciu Maxa Webera

Author(s): Lucyna Chmielewska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

In Max Weber’s interpretation, the covenant was a political instrument of the Israelites. In Weber’s view, the original goal of the Sinai covenant was the political goal – strengthening the defense force of scattered Israeli tribes, and within the tribes it gave the durability of socio-economic relations between social groups, mainly between shepherds of small herds and a farmers or a city military patriciate owning land. The covenant had a defensive character with regard to the tribal union and socio-political character in terms of intertribal relations. Israel was developing and gaining its specific character as a cult and military union based on free shepherds and farmers, uniting during the wars against enemies. In the later age of prophets, the covenant became a catalyst for the process of rationalizing and ethicizing the Jewish religion. This process was, therefore, a consequence of the development of the political consciousness of the Israelites, expressed in the form of the covenant with Yahweh

Polski etos narodowy: pański, chłopski, mieszczański…?

Author(s): Jerzy Bartmiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Etos pracy czy kontrideologia pracy?

Author(s): Danuta Walczak-Duraj / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Wartości codzienne i podstawowe w świadomości młodzieży maturalnej w Puławach

Author(s): Janusz Mariański / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Kobiety i kultura Śląska Cieszyńskiego na przykładzie Dory Kłuszyńskiej

Author(s): Izabela Desperak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The writers’ Europe: an imagined community

Author(s): Paul Michael Lützeler / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

What seems clear is that, in these writings of novelists and thinkers, fundamental ideas about, and designs for, the institutions of a unified Europe were developed. Many of these writers were exiled authors, and their international or transatlantic experiences protected them against provincialism and nationalism. Only in the wake of the catastrophe of the Second World War, after Europe had lost her independence, did the time appear to be ripe for building a new continental association (at the time a Western European community) that would have unity, economic cooperation and peace as its goal. And at that very moment in history, the vocabulary and grammar for a new political language, for a new common discourse on European unity, economic integration and peace were available, thanks to the continued centuries-old efforts of European writers and intellectuals.

Approaching Europe. Conceptions of German intellectuals in the 20th and 21st centuries

Author(s): Leszek Żyliński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The discovery and building of Europe by Europeans has been a process to which writers and intellectuals contributed as much as rulers and politicians.

German and European experiences in developing national identity and patriotism – sheer resemblances or mutual inspirations?

Author(s): Jakub Gortat / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The problem of a common European identity and a group of values that are recognizable for the whole European community seems nowadays to be a more current topic than ever before

Identity and differentiated integration in Europe

Author(s): Zbigniew B. Rudnicki / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The fundamental distinction between us and them (insiders and outsiders), characteristic of the process whereby we shape our identities, is universal and timeless. It is already present in the first family-tribal communities, providing the basis for the most typical social divisions, and then later for political divisions. From a modern, contemporary perspective, identity has taken on a special significance as it now extends far beyond the boundaries of local communities, becoming part of the consciousness of large social structures, i.e. of national communities.