Valia vaizduotei: „disidentiška“ galimo poetika postmodernios parodijos metu

Author(s): Mindaugas Briedis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2011

The article, from the perspective of phenomenological philosophy, deals with the possibility to break through the vicious circle of postmodern parody. One of the basic features of a postmodern state is the deconstruction of the “human being”, which is immediately followed by the destruction of the very notion of creative humanist imagination, leaving only a blind play of anonymous fragments of the meaning. The first part of the article deals with the problems of image culture, which eventually lead to the typology and phenomenological rethinking of imagination. On the other hand, in order to understand the innovative phenomenological approach to imagination by E. Husserl, it is necessary first of all to critically distinguish between physical imaging consciousness and phantasy (immanent imaging consciousness) and, secondly, to reflect upon the complex relation between the presenting and presentifying acts of consciousness. The second part of the article explores the analysis of phantasy as an intentional act and its basic structures such as freedom, possibility, neutrality, etc. These structures lead us right to the M. Heidegger’s project of Dasein’s hermeneutics as the poetics of the possible, which is discussed in the final part of the article. All the above facts allow to underline the fourth, “dissident” paradigm of imagination, which in the ideas of such thinkers as I. Kant, F. Nietzsche, E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, P. Ricoeur and poets alike constitute a sound alternative to the pathos of postmodern decadence. This hermeneutic paradigm analyses imagination through the notion of the possible, not as the secondary derivative representation, but as the very structural fundament of intentionality and eventually of any eidetic investigation.

Neekvivalentnost srpskih i engleskih kolokacija u književnom prevođenju

Author(s): Violeta Stojičić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

We shall comment on the treatment of collocations in published English translations of a sample of Serbian literary texts, which has been analysed with a consideration of consistency in the transfer of the content of source text (ST) collocations into the target text (TT). We have focused on non-equivalent pairs of ST and TT collocations, which suggest that collocational non-equivalence is the result of a) inconsistency in content, b) non-observance of the established collocational patterns in the target language, c) breach of collocational restrictions and/or d) disregard for semantic prosodies of the words combined.

EMOTIVIZAM U MORALNOJ FILOZOFIJI I KRJEPOST KAO KRŠĆANSKI ODGOVOR

Author(s): Tomislav Puljić,Ante Bekavac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 11-12/2014

Current discussions in moral philosophy show that terms of moral discourse were taken from the context of their origin. Different concepts of moral philosophy testify that and there is a need to start again with understanding of the complex image of moral traditions. Thus, A. MacIntyre started with this premise in his study After Virtue and showed how painful and unusual deformations of the current moral conceptions are. In his study he started from the emotivistic moral theory in order to show the absurd of such kind of moral discourse. Using A. MayIntyre’s prism in this paper we tried to show that complex image and its deformation and introduce speech about virtues and their meaning, the same as the author of the study After Virtue did. That is certainly a key answer of the Christian moral philosophy to such moral conception which is present in our modern culture. Structure of a human moral activity cannot be based only on emotivistic statements which aspire to absoluteness of the norm but they should be put under radical critics in confronting with crucial issues of anthropology, philosophy and theology.

Prikaz: Planetarizmom protiv svih oblika volje za moći ili kako čitati Hegela "ženskim očalama"

Author(s): Suzana Marjanić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 26/2005

Review of a book of essays of Croatian philosopher Blaženka Despot published by Women's Infoteka. The book includes the selection of Blaženka Despot essays, bibliography of her papers and study commentary of her work.

Fakticitet, egzistencija, klima Problem bitka-u-svijetu između Martina Heideggera i Watsuji Tetsurôa

Author(s): Hans Peter Liederbach / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine Darstellung der Heidegger-Rezeption des japanischen Philosophen Watsuji Tetsurô (1889–1960) versucht. Für Watsuji war, wie für Heidegger, das Problem des Daseins als In-der-Welt-sein von zentraler Bedeutung. Anders als Heidegger, der die Daseinsanalyse von Sein und Zeit ganz in den Dienst der Fundamentalontologie gestellt hatte, entwickelt Watsuji in Auseinandersetzung mit dem Heideggerschen Projekt eine „Ethik als Wissenschaft vom Dasein“. Die interpretierende Nachzeichnung dieser Auseindersetzung führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sowohl die ‚fundamentalontologische’ Untersuchung Heideggers als auch die ‚ethische’ Beschreibung Watsujis spezifische Probleme aufweisen, die die Einführung eines dritten Standpunktes erforderlich machen. Als dieser Standpunkt wird die von Watsuji in „Fûdo” entwickelte Klimatologie aufgewiesen.

, Logika vrste Tanabea Hajimea i filozofija Nishide Kitarôa

Author(s): Kôichi Sugimoto / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

This article shall focus especially on Tanabe Hajime (1885-1962)’s “logic of species” (shu no ronri) and Nishida Kitarô’ s (1870-1945) response to it. First, I will briefly describe the problems posed by Tanabe’s “logic of species,” based on his two articles: “The Logic of Social Existence” (1934-35) and “The Logic of Species and the World Schema” (1935). In particular I will discuss Tanabe’s implicit and explicit critique of Nishida in these articles. Second, I will consider Nishida’s objections to the logic of species as articulated in his Philosophical Essays II (1937). Third, I will show that, despite both Tanabe’s frequent and unequivocal criticism of Nishida’s philosophy and Nishida’s seemingly irreconcilable objections to Tanabe’s “logic of species,” there in fact exists a common basis which underlies both their philosophies.

Logos i pathos Logika imaginacije Mikija Kiyoshija

Author(s): Masakatsu Fujita / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

Miki Kiyoshi's Logic of the Imagination, a text that he worked on over a long period of time during the latter half of his life, could rightly be called his magnum opus. In this article I investigate the impetus behind Miki's conception of a "logic of the imagination." I seek to clarify what it is that he sought to problematize, and what he was attempting to think, by way of this novel idea. To begin with I comment on Miki's innovative understanding of human being, that is, on the existence of an original anthropology underlying his "logic of the imagination". In Philosophical Anthropology, which was written prior to Logic of the Imagination, Miki locates the unique characteristic of philosophical anthropology in the fact that it refuses to abstract human being from the body. This means that human being is not merely consciousness, but must rather be understood as an embodied existence, in other words, as a being with pathos. The body, in turn, must be understood in its subjectivity. It is on the basis of this embodied anthropology, I purport, that Miki conceived of the "logic of the imagination" as a "logic of praxis". Miki saw human praxis, not as a simple manifestation of emotions, passions and impulses, but rather as an endeavor to produce concrete images or forms from out of these wellsprings of pathos. In other words, according to Miki, human praxis transforms pathos into a different order of reality. In order for things to take shape, the intellect must come into play. In other words, a place must be opened up wherein affectivity and intellect can intermingle. One could say that it is precisely the faculty of imagination that opens up such a place, and that can therefore give birth to images from out of the intermingling of affectivity and intellect.

Ljevičari Kyoto-škole i njihov način recepcije marksizma

Author(s): Kenji Hattori / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

In dieser Abhandlung ist es mein Ziel, daß ich die sog. Linken der Kyoto-Schule – Miki Kiyoshi, Tosaka Jun, Kakehashi Akihide und Funayama Shin-ichi – und ihre Rezeptionsweise des Marxismus im Umrisse schildere. Einerseits wurden sie alle von Nishida Kitaro und Tanabe Hajime beeinflußt, andererseits akzeptierten sie auch den Marxismus und würdigten ihn als Philosophie. Miki deutet ihn als die Anthropologie, Tosaka hält ihn für den planmäßigen und kritischen Betrieb des menschlichen Lebens, Kakehashi entwickelt die Idee der totalen Naturgeschichte, und Funayama bildet eine Basis für den feuerbachschen anthropologischen Materialismus. Erst bei ihnen beginnt in Japan der Versuch, den Gedanken Marx’ im Unterschied zum Marxismus in der Tradition des Philosophierens zu reflektieren.

Diskontinuirani kontinuitet kod Kitarô Nishide

Author(s): Katsuoki Okada / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

In dieser Abhandlung untersuche ich den Unterschied zwischen Nishidas originalen Sätzen und ihrer Übersetzung. Ich versuche mit dieser Abhandlung darzustellen, was Nishida mit „die absolut widersprüchliche Selbstidentität“ andeutet. Etwas ist widersprüchlich und zugleich unwidersprüchlich. Die Sprache, die dieses „Zugleich“ ausdrücken kann, ist die dichterische. Aus der dichterischen Sprache könnte Nishidas Philosophie quillen. Meiner Meinung nach kann man die im Grund von Religion, Philosophie und Dichtung gleichsam liegende Quelle bei ihm ausfindig machen. Dieser gemeinsame Grund kann durch das Gespräch zwischen dem westlichen Denken, das auf Standpunkt des absoluten Seins steht, und dem östlichen Denken, das sich aus dem Anfangspunkt des absoluten Nichts entwickelt, deutlich werden. Darum ist das Gespräch zwischen den beiden nötig. Und weil die gegenwärtige Welt den transzendentalen Horizont verloren hat, ist es auch die aktuelle Aufgabe, im Gespräch die flache Welt von innen kubisch zu machen.

O temi - Filozofija u Japanu

Author(s): Pavo Barišić ,Hideki Mine,Masakatsu Fujita / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

Filozofi i društveni život

Author(s): Milan Polić,Marijan Krivak,Nikola Skledar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

N. Skledar, Philosophy and Social and Historical Life (p.); M. Krivak, (Digital) Theory or Philosophy? (p.); M. Polić, »Workers, Peasants and Intellectuals of Honesty« (p.); Z. Šundov, Philosophy as a Critique of All that Exists (p.)

Logika vrste Temeljna ideja Tanabeove filozofije

Author(s): Narifumi Nakaoka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

Als Nachfolger Nishidas, der sich in seiner Logik des Nichts mit der gesamten philosophischen Tradition Europas auseinandergesetzt hatte, bot Tanabe eine verbesserte Version der Logik des Nichts, die Logik der Spezies, an. Dabei ging es einerseits sicherlich um eine politisch-soziale Philosophie, die sehr oft schlicht als Rechtfertigung der japanischen Politik im Zweiten Weltkrieg interpretiert wird aber eher für konflikttheoretische Weiterführung der Logik des Nichts anzusehen ist. Andererseits wollte Tanabe das Moment der Absoluten Vermittlung betonen, um mit identitätsphilosophischen Resten abzurechnen, was einen Vergleich mit postmodernem Denken nahelegen dürfte.

Od konfucijanizma do filozofije

Author(s): Shiro Kohsaka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

Nishi Amane kannte die Beziehung zwischen der Verschriftung von Sprache und philosophischer Begriffsbildung wie kaum ein anderer. Der berühmteste Begriff, den Nishi nach reiflicher Überlegung über Schrift und Begriff prägte, ist das Wort tetsugaku. Davon ausgehend verwarfen die japanischen Denker und mit ihnen das japanische Denken nach anfänglichen Antagonismen zwischen Konfuzianismus und westlicher Philosophie das konfuzianische Denken und wechselten zur westlichen Philosophie über. Damit sattelten sie zwar von der chinesischen Kultur auf die europäische um, doch welche Inhalte wurden dabei verworfen und was wollte man dabei gewinnen? Anders ausgedrückt, wo liegen die grundsätzlichen Unterschiede zwischen Konfuzianismus und Philosophie? Diese Fragen sollen unter den Aspekten (1) Ablösung der chinesischen Schriftsprache durch Japanisch zur Formulierung von Gedanken, (2) Unterscheidung von Selbstvervollkommnung und politischem Handeln, (3) Einführung einer Systematik sowie (4) methodologische Unterschiede, geklärt werden.

Shinichi Hisamatsu – Filozofija buđenja

Author(s): Hitoshi Minobe / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

Die buddhistische Philosophie Hisamatsus, der das „Erwachen des wahren Selbst“ zugrunde liegt, kritisiert einerseits die gewöhnliche Philosophie, die auf der Vernunft gründet, andererseits die Religionen, die auf dem Glauben gründen. Nach der knappen Darstellung seines Lebens im 1. Abschnitt versucht dieser Aufsatz, im 2. Abschnitt die Stellung der Religion in seiner Philosophie, im 3. Abschnitt im Vergleich mit Kierkegaard seine Einstellung zum christlichen Glauben und im 4. Abschnitt unter Bezugnahme auf seine Interpretation der Philosophie des Kegon-Buddhismus das Charakteristische dessen, was er „wahres Selbst“ nennt, herauszuarbeiten. Er meint: Das wahre Selbst ist substanzlos. Wenn das wahre Selbst erwacht und man dessen inne wird, dass das Ich keine Substanz ist, entsteht da der Standpunkt, auf dem man die Dinge von seinen eigenen Interessen befreit so sehen kann, wie sie in Wahrheit sind.

Pitanja postavljena Nishidinom filozofijom

Author(s): Masakatsu Fujita / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

In this article I would like to clarify the philosophical problems addressed by KitaroNishida, taking into consideration the historical context within which these problems arose. In doing so, I hope to identify what Nishida saw as the limitations of Western thought, and show how he attempted to overcome these limitations. However, I do not intend to proceed merely from out of a historical concern, but wish also to ask what questions Nishida's criticisms pose to us in our present historical context, and what direction his thought points us in. With this dual concern in mind, I take up and discuss Nishida’s critique of subject-object dualism. I interpret Nishida to be developing, in place of a rigid logic of dualism, a “logic of fluidity”. Nishida states that what he calls “pure experience” is constituted out of feeling and volition. I interpret this to mean that, in pure experience, “thatness” coexists with “whatness”.

Korak unatrag kroz nihilizam - Radikalna orijentacija filozofije zena - Nishitanija Keijija

Author(s): Bret W. Davis / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/2005

Nishitani Keiji's philosophy brings the insights of Zen Buddhism to bear on the modern problem of nihilism, a problem that continues to deepen and spread in eerie correlation with the modern march of progress. In this essay, I introduce and interpret the basic contours of Nishitani's thought by focusing on its radical orientation or "directionality". He suggests that the way out of nihilism is not that of willful human "pro-gress", nor that of transcending this world to a "yonder shore", nor that of a historical regression to a bygone age. He urges, rather, that we reorient ourselves in the direction of a "radical re-gress". We must step all the way back through nihilism. Nihilism can only be overcome by way of a "trans-descendence" to a more authentic mode of everyday existence, that is, to a released engagement in the world of "radical everydaynes". Nishitani's phenomenological topology of Zen traces, then, a path of stepping back from "the field of (representational) consciousness and (possession of) being," through "the field of nihility," and ultimately to "the field of sunyata (emptiness)" as "the absolute near-side".

REALISM IN CONTEXT: THE EXAMPLES OF LIFEWORLD AND QUANTUM PHYSICS

Author(s): Gregor Schiemann / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

Lifeworld realism and quantum-physical realism are taken as experience-dependent conceptions of the world that become objects of explicit reflection when confronted with context-external discourses. After a brief sketch of the two contexts of experience—lifeworld and quantum physics—and their realist interpretations, I will discuss the quantum world from the perspective of lifeworld realism. From this perspective, the quantum world—roughly speaking—has to be either unreal or else constitute a different reality. Then, I invert the perspective and examine the lifeworld from the standpoint of quantumphysical realism. This conception of the lifeworld has gained momentum from new research results in recent decades. Despite its experiential basis, quantum-physical realism bears an ambiguity akin to that of lifeworld realism. While the perspectival inversion serves to highlight the problem, it also contributes to an improved understanding of lifeworld-realism.

INTERPRETATION, CONSTRAINT, AND THE PROSPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC REALISM

Author(s): Harold I. Brown / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

I explore the interaction between theory-based interpretations of scientific evidence and constraints on theories provided by that evidence. Interpretation is often viewed as a source of error and a reason for scepticism about scientific results. But, I argue, while interpretation does generate epistemic risk, it also points to new sources of evidence that can constrain our theories. This is especially clear in the development of instrumentation that increases the range of our interactions with nature. While the design of such instruments and the interpretation of their outputs are deeply dependent on theory-based interpretations, these outputs can still challenge those very theories. At the same time, theory-guided instrumentation provides us access to aspects of nature that we cannot study with our unaided senses. This access allows us to extend the range of evidence that we collect, and thus increases the constraints on our theories. As a result, theory-guided evidence collection has a positive impact on the prospects of scientific realism since these increasing constraints on our theories provide our only reason for thinking that we may be approaching the development of true theories.

WHAT’S WRONG WITH METHODOLOGICAL NATURALISM?

Author(s): Michael Bradie / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

The compatibility of Darwinism with religious beliefs has been the subject of vigorous debate from 1859 to the present day. Darwin himself did not think that there was any incompatibility between his theory of natural selection and the existence of God. However, he did not think that appeals to the direct or indirect activity of a Creator substantially increased our understanding of any natural phenomenon. In effect, Darwin endorsed what we would today label as “methodological naturalism,’ roughly the view that the only legitimate elements of the explanation of natural phenomena must appeal only to natural processes, natural laws and natural regularities. In section 2, Darwin’s commitment to methodological Darwinism is documented. Section 3 addresses the question of whether methodological naturalism does or does not rule out belief in a divine Creator. Section 4 raises the question of whether methodological naturalists are also metaphysical naturalists. Finally, section 5 assesses the warrant for expanding the scope of ‘science’ to include non-naturalistic factors.

HISTORICAL NARRATIVE: A DISPUTE BETWEEN CONSTRUCTIONISM AND SCIENTIFIC REALISM

Author(s): Jozef Viceník,VÁCLAV ČERNÍK / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

An intense discussion about the issue of historical narrative arose during the time when the naïve realism of classical historiography was being critiqued and led to a dispute, in the last century, between constructionism and critical or scientific realism. We can distinguish between constructionism and noetic constructivism. According to ontological constructionism all facts are human constructions; according to noetic constructivism, our notions and theories are constructs with objective meaning (sense and reference); they refer to objective reality. Scientific realism recognizes the existence of noetic construction but does not regard facts as our constructions, as pure fictions. The point of contention is the question over whether historical narrative is merely a discursive construction or whether it is also a scientific reconstruction of the past. Resolving the dispute over whether historical narrative can be objectively true, or whether it is subject to empirical control or not, is dependent on finding the answer to this question.