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Precariat refers to a situation where people are forced to make a living out of work which is low- quality, insecure, temporary, low-paid, with little or no promise of promotion, without social insurance, and often off-the-books. The concept of precariat goes beyond the form of employment and encapsulates several factors that determine whether a particular job/form of employment exposes an employee to instability of employment, lack of union protection (protection of interests), or social and economic insensitivity. The article aims, in the first place, to answer the question of whether precariat is a global phenomenon. Does it look the same in the rich North and poor South? Is it justified to view it as a structural characteristic of contemporary labour? To address the problem, the classification proposed by Rodgers and Rodgers (1989) and revised by Duell (2004) is employed.
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A chaque pas, dans tous les champs de la vie sociale on rencontre des signes iconiques. Leur statut est constamment discuté par les sémioticiens (Eco, Sonneson, Fontanille, etc.) ; les discussions sont continuellement raffinées par les utilisations que les membres de la société donnent aux signes en cause, toujours plus nuancées, plus imprévisibles. La publicité, qui les exploite assidûment, montre que des changements infimes dans leur construction peuvent déterminer des variations importantes des contenus véhiculés.Ugo Volli est l’un des premiers à avoir lancé l’idée d’une échelle d’iconicité (l’idée est vive - par exemple, le Groupe ^, Scott McCloud s’en sont préoccupés). Peut-être faudra-t-il accepter plusieurs échelles d’iconicité, en fonction de divers critères de constitution. La publicité contribue à l’examen de cette problématique en offrant un corpus riche et varié.
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The main aim of our work and research is to introduce competency-based self-regulated learning which determines lifelong learning. While focusing on its complexity, we try to present self-regulated behavior via the areas of Educational Science. We also analyze the main areas of Education Science and point out its close relationship with motivation. Our research hypotheses were based on statements in the theoretical part. The hypotheses were confirmed by the results of the questionnaire. The theoretical and research parts make our work coherent and understandable, pointing to the components that define self-learning, thus recognizing the potential for development.
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Nowadays, teaching writing belongs to the most current scientific fields. There are many aspects that can be examined related this topic. In this paper we deal with the main questions of teaching writing. At first hand, we discuss the concept and difficulties of writing, the general principles for teaching writing and the correction of written works. On the other hand, concrete activities are presented based on the theoretical part, more precisely on the stages of the writing process.
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Today the most pressing global problem in education that all teachers and educators face is the difficulty to awaken students’ natural curiosity and motivation. The study shows how technology changes our brains and explains why young people’s stimulus threshold is higher. The focus of this study is on gamification methodology. Gamification uses game elements in a non-gaming environment. Game designers have used it successfully for decades and they are still using it to improve their gamification method. The purpose of this study is to explain in detail the logical structure and relationships of the method through the MDA (Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics) model, which incorporates elements of game mechanics, game dynamics and aesthetics (enjoyment). It highlights the importance of optimal pressure, correctly chosen leveling and reward system. The study points out that the logic followed by game developers can contribute to the success of the gamification method used in education.
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Il est symptomatique que les grands penseurs, de Platon à Heidegger, ont donné à l’art une place fondamentale dans l’existence humaine. L’intérêt spécial pour le phénomène artistique s’explique par la capacité des œuvres d’art d’encoder dans des formes expressives des significations profondes et de les communiquer à un large public à travers divers langages (littéraires, plastiques, musicaux, etc.). Les changements survenus dans le domaine de la création artistique dans les deux derniers siècles, la succession accélérée des courants artistiques et des mouvements d’avant-garde ont imposé dans l’espace théorique l’idée que l’art est un langage spécifique et une forme distincte de la communication. Cette étude remet en question les traits particuliers du langage artistique et les implications de ces traits dans le processus de la réception artistique. En même temps, j’ai essayé de mettre en évidence la contribution théorique (moins connue) des penseurs roumains à l’analyse du langage artistique et la compréhension du processus complexe de la communication artistique.
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Les réclames préparent aux produits qu’elles recommandent une riche vie symbolique. Quelle envergure symbolique peut-on attribuer à un produit? Les diverses catégories de produits exigent des envergures symboliques différentes? Pour certains produits, les publicitaires veulent éliminer toute hésitation dans l’interprétation des significations proposées; pour d’autres, par contre, ils proposent des lectures imprécises, des nébuleuses de significations (U.Eco).La publicité connaît diverses modalités de symboliser. Les annonces de parfums choisissent des modalités qui, en déployant des nébuleuses de significations, demandent aux lecteurs des interprétations complexes. L’article présente une interprétation d’une réclame pour Jaïpur de Boucheron diffusée dans les années 1990 et en propose une autre.
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Il y a plus de mille ans en France, « rêver » et « devenir fou » possédaient le même radical « esver » qui exprimait les errements de notre esprit. Les anciens semblaient avoir vu une corrélation qui aujourd’hui en français moderne semble perdue. Nous porterons notre regard sur une sémiologie des états du rêveur et leurs similarités avec certains troubles psychiques. Nous esquisserons ainsi l’idée d’une nosologie du rêve à travers la proposition de trois conjectures : les mécanismes de certains troubles psychiques sont identiques à l’état du rêveur au sein de son rêve ; le rêve précède la réalité dans le développement de l’appareil psychique ; certains troubles psychiques seraient des effractions du rêve dans la réalité du sujet à l’état de veille - ils s’agiraient de rappels de mécanismes primaires, une tentative d’équilibre ou de guérison.
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In his famous essay, The One-Dimensional Man, Herbert Marcuse spoke of the most frequent form of alienation typical of the « late capitalism »: the atrophy of one of the two dimensions of a fully humanized human being: the capacity to imagine an alternative reality which transcends what is given and presents itself as a project of a better and shinier reality, of a more inhabitable world. If contemporary man confines himself to the other dimension, i.e. the capacity to adapt to the existing reality, he gets closer to animalism than to humanity. The consumer society nourishes the need for transcendence in the oneiric and in imaginary needs, but atrophies man’s appetite to improve reality - including social organization; it transforms peoples of citizens in masses of consumers. In this paper, we propose an epistemological explanation of the disappearance of the need for transcendence in post-modern culture as well as a way to recover the capacity of active dreaming, of promoting and triggering change. The complete man lives, thinks and dreams between two existential poles: Sein §i Sollen, in default of which it is impossible to think the regional ontology of the human, i.e. the particularity of human existence: the capacity to transform the “must be” and “it is likely to be” in “it is”. As such, human being may be defined as Jean-Paul Sartre put it: “a project-being”. From here, a series of educational consequences unfolds, inventoried in the last part of this paper.
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The study follows the archetype - prototype - stereotype path in the evolution of the plastic model, in order to capture the organic connection between these notions specific to iconic language. The chronology is reversed to capture a contemporary stereotype of advertising images, as a result of an apparent form of expression of female emancipation: the erotic objectification of man. Far from being just "trendy", the visual motif has a whole history that deserves to be pointed out as the different approaches always reflect the spirit of that era.
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During the 2016 presidential election debates, Donald Trump became the subject of a guerrilla campaign initiated by the anarchist group Indicline, through which five grotesque nude statues of the Republican candidate were installed in various cities in the United States. The message was not accidental considering that nude photos of Melania Trump from the beginning of her modelling career were re-published simultaneously. Through aesthetic antithesis, the image of the naked body was supposed to stigmatize the couple in public perception, starting from an artificial reality created in the everyday landscape, but which had to become viral in the online environment.
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Historical parks are an essential and inalienable asset conjoining history and memories of communities; they are a part of the city’s cultural heritage that connects past, present and future generations. The pragmatic question addressed in this paper is how can a wide range of heritage values in historic parks be identified and prioritized in a way that informs policies and planning decisions? To answer this question, a Multi-Criteria Analysis was adopted. Delphi method was used to determine significance criteria and their weights. The study depended on the feedback from practitioners and academics in the field of cultural heritage preservation to examine the intrinsic significance of historic parks in Egypt (aesthetic, historical, scientific, social and spiritual values). Collected data were analyzed using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Cumulative Voting methods integrally, and Ranking method in parallel. Results from both methods and different experts are compared. Based upon the analysis, artistic and historical values (0.31) are the priorities; the second-level accommodated intangible historical values (0.22-0.24), finally the use and the condition of the park (0.11-0.12). Weights of sub-variables disclosed minor discrepancies in ranking “emotional attachment, exposer to disfiguration, and preserving original features” variables. Moreover, experts’ opinions fluctuated based on their backgrounds.
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The purpose of the present article is to explore possibilities of enhancement of the curriculum in the specialty „Real Estate Management” in the UNWE. To that aim, an extensive research has been conducted into 109 bachelor programmes in the area of real estate, offered by leading reputable international universities. A comparative analysis of the curriculums has been carried out that covers two main aspects. The first one focuses on the number of the mandatory and optional disciplines, the number of classes, and comparison between essential and specific management disciplines. The second aspect concentrates on analysis of the degree of concurrence in the titles of the study disciplines. We have discussed the possibilities for incorporating new disciplines, offered by foreign universities’ curriculums, in the UNWE’s study plans. We have suggested ways to update and modify the curriculum of the specialty “Management of Real Estate” in the UNWE.
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Since the mid-2000s, the rising phenomenon of coworking spaces (CSs) has provided a flexible and mainly affordable solution for freelancers, entrepreneurs, small firms and start-ups, which may had experienced the issues of isolation when working from home, to work in a shared workplace, interact, socialize and share knowledge. This article explores the phenomenon of CSs within the theoretical framework of proximity measures a là Boschma (2005) – cognitive, organisational, social and institutional – that underpin the aspects of innovation, interaction and knowledge exchange. Though some studies on CSs have indirectly studied the different aspects of proximity, only a few of them focused on the importance of proximity measures at the workspace. With the aim to fill the gap in the literature, an empirical study was applied to Italy with 549 active CSs in 2018. The data was collected through an on-line questionnaire, addressed to a sample of 326 coworkers, focusing mainly on the set of questions devoted to understanding whether coworkers have exploited the proximity typologies in their CSs, have experienced increases in their revenues and well-being. The results are critically discussed, and some insights on policy implications are proposed.
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The subject of this study is the development of the media in Kosovo in general and, in particular, the online media, as well as the stages of development they are undergoing. The subject of the survey is a total of 51 websites of different types of media in different categories: newspapers and news media; online based media that are distributed only via the Internet; news agencies; regional newspapers and news media from the regions of Djakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Prizren and Pristina respectively; news agencies.
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The recently emerging new types of collaborative work and unconventional workplaces indicate that shifting social and economic practices have odd spatial implications. The diversity of work, mostly based on hybrid social and economic logics, has brought forth a number of new contextualised spatial constructs in recent years: makerspaces, fab labs, open workshops, and co-working spaces now require detailed analytical reconstruction and conceptualisation. This article is a theoretical discussion of the nature of fluid and contingent spatialisation against the backdrop of binary explanatory categories (e.g. local-global; proximity-distance). Drawing upon modernised concepts of horizontal scaling, we propose a perspective on hybrid work which focuses on contingent multiple, multidirectional and temporal scalings created by a variety of users while developing their own micro-worlds of work.
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This study investigates the emergence and the rise of Creative Hubs (CHs) in Istanbul, which as Turkey’s economic capital contains most of its creative workforce and the largest number of its CHs. In the last 10 years, the number of co-working spaces (CWSs), incubation centres (ICs), labs, and makerspaces in the city has rapidly increased, following a global trend. This study aims to better understand the changing working forms of the city by investigating the motivations behind the emergence of CHs. 46 CH examples, consisting of CWSs, ICs, makerspaces, and labs, have been examined for this purpose. The study is structured around the four main categories that highlight the different aspects of CHs: structure (establishment structure and community structure), focus (sectors and professions), services (physical and social facilities), and values (motivation). The findings of the study demonstrate that members of CHs are mostly freelancers, entrepreneurs, micro SMSs, and start-ups, consisting mostly of members of Generation Y. They work predominantly in creative sectors and tend to look for flexible and cost-saving solutions, support mechanisms, and new connections for their work. The research revealed that CHs are distinguished through the services that they provide. Having emerged as new forms to respond to the distinctive needs of emerging jobs in the creative economy era, they can be considered a new landscape of the post-industrial city.
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This article is an attempt to answer the question: how one selects a neighbourhood to develop an innovation district, using the case of Cracow. This article mainly refers to the issue of the shape of innovation districts, showing how much the morphology of such spaces and their functions can promote or limit the development of innovative enterprises from the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry. It also refers to our research carried out with quantitative and qualitative methods in Poland, using two locations in Cracow as a case study. In this paper, we focus on the significant restrictions which hinder the emergence and development of such districts. We also indicate the potential solutions to these difficulties such as the temporary spaces of events we mapped and which we called ‘totemic spaces’.
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