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Literary works have contributed a crucial role to the manifestation of the dominant themes of the time and the era to which they belong. Each writer and each work has a special orientation in its approach to convey the intended message. This article, having as its approach context and metacontext analysis of the text, scrutinizes Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mocking Bird in order to assess the writer’s tact in the illustration of specific issues through the manifestation of their cultural, historical, and religious context and background. Through the introduction of these materials, this study has also tried to answer the question concerning the manner in which the writer has captured the theme of racism via the projection of the unseen, unfathomable, and the unobjectionable information of the mentioned origins to touch upon our consciousness and arouse sympathy towards the humanitarian crisis practised at that time. The article reveals the plausibility of the interpretation of the novel based on religious, historical, and cultural background references. It renders the fact that Lee contributed a significant share to the illustration of such themes as racism and inhumanness at that time and stands as a landmark of inspiration for others as well.
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The paper presents some aspects of media presentations on a particular ethnic group which in the western psyche brings up associations with Socialism, Cold War Era, wealth, as well as of criminals, and last but not least, as the deadliest secret agents. In particular, the paper dwells on the cases of poisoning of Russian ex-spies in the UK as reflected in the media. The focus is on the way a Bulgarian, a British and a Russian newspaper present the case of the attempted murder of Sergey and Yulia Skripal with Novichok in Salisbury paying attention to the main topics put forward in the media discourse on spies. Some of the coverage of the Bulgarian trace, i.e. Emilian Gebrev, in the case is also analysed.Using CDA as the main method of analysis, the paper looks into the language used to present the whole case, the voices that get heard on the case, the focus of presentation of each media discourse along with the effect all these have on the general population. The paper argues that although articles on the topic are mostly informative and familiarize the general public with the life of spies with all its enchantment, setbacks, and negative or positive consequences, they also reveal the ongoing struggle for political dominance between today’s super powers, the existing ethnic/ national and social stereotypes, and finally stir panic, as despite some overt activities the whole activity remains largely clandestine and spies look just like normal people.
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This article addresses legitimation in discourse seen as a complex and multifaceted concept. The specific focus is on authority legitimization which is understood not simply as ethos construction but rather as a claim to rightness, i.e. the claim to be normatively right to perform the speech act. Building upon work on legitimation by van Leeuwen and van Dijk, the article studies intertextuality as one aspect of authority legitimation. The presence of elements of one text in other texts can take various forms and degree of visibility and intensity. Therefore the main purpose of the article is to identify the types and functions of intertextuality. A framework within the scope of Critical Discourse Studies is proposed by which a small corpus of acceptance speeches of contemporary American political leaders is analyzed. The results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis have shown that speakers of different political backgrounds use intertextuality similarly. It is revealed that the most common source of intertextuality is the voice of the political opponent. The main functions of intertextuality in the analyzed speeches are solidarity and credibility building as well as downgrading opposing points of view.
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he religious radio and television channels play an important role for every believer - they introduce to the viewers various aspects of the spiritual life, trying to help also those who, for some reason, are unable to attend the temples. In this study, an attempt will be made to follow the development of the radio and television channels of religious organizations, as well as the current challenges facing them in relation to digitalization, convergence and Internet-based media. We will also look at the religious media positioning in our country, the appearance of the first radio and TV shows dedicated to the religion, as well as the current trends and problems faced by today's native media channels of the believers.Keywords: media, religion, radio, television, Internet
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In the production and performance of pop music, one of the mechanisms to “measure” and generate statistics, ratings and conclusions, are the charts. Do we have them, in the late 80s at all? A whole new generation of musicians declared its presence and art in this period but is it recognized in the printed media, or it is ignored? In case there is any trace in the press, is it still available in Internet today? In order to be present there, these events needs to be archived in old printed media first, then they need to be transferred in the Net.
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The multimedia journalism includes the media content (audio, video, text), which is created by the traditional and online media via internet. The multimedia content concerns the websites’ interface and navigation, use of animation and flash images, online advertising, use of applications for online gaming, listening of music or watching movies by steaming platforms, social networking communication. The research presents the multimedia journalism features in Bulgarian TV and online media for the news production, created by the audience participation.
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A number of reports of organizations of world, national and regional levels, state poor health condition of people, and especially of children and youth, due to low physical activity. In response, all existing organizations and national Governments have adopted and signed charters and plans for action. As an expression of the Bulgarian State policy, and in accordance with EU recommendations, the Bulgarian Physical Education and Sport Act defines that the subject Physical Education and Sport is integral part of Bachelor and Master education, in the form of compulsory, elective and optional classes, with a minimum workload of 60 compulsory classes per academic year. In contradiction, the Higher Education Act defines that the subject’s curricula is developed according to the profile of the university and the proposals of the Students’ Council. The study aimed to establish the subject PE and Sport’s status in University “St. Kliment Ohridksi” Faculties programmes’ curricula and how it affects the students’ activity and participation in sport classes. The results show that the subject is included in Bachelor programmes only. Furthermore, each Faculty and even programme apply the Low loosely and selectively, which does not contribute for fulfilling the subject’s main purpose of accustoming young people to regular exercise thus improving their health and creating knowledge, skills and habits for future healthy lifestyle.
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The text examines the attitudes of students studying communications related majors towards internal communications. Pointed is that this type of communication is especially important for the company's image and employee motivation. Based on a survey, it was concluded that the preferred information channels are meetings with the line managers, as well as electronic communications. At the other end – as the most unpopular, are stated the sources outside the company and conversations with colleagues. Emphasis is placed on the speed of receiving information and the need to have specially appointed employees who, through their communication skills and abilities to handle social networks not only to perform their formal duties, but also be an informal filter for "capturing" moods and future attitudes.
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This article represents the projects' method as an effective way of teaching that leads to increasing the quality of education and the students' studying motivation. The projects' method affects positively not only the quality of academic and professional education, but also the improvement of skills, competences and values of the young people, thus guaranteeing their successful social inclusion and creation of lifelong learning skills. The text shows a new role of the teacher – an associate that improves the psychological climate in class, creates an atmosphere of mutual aid, creativeness and discoveries.
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2020 will be remembered with the pandemic of COVID-19. The emergency, which the whole world has fallen into, has posed major challenges for all sectors, including the system for Physical Education and Sport in Bulgaria. The text presents the results of a study among the “St. Kliment Ohridski” University of Sofia students’ activity in the subject PE and Sport in the conditions of online activities. In addition, an updated information about the most preferred by the students sports as per 2019-2020 academic year, is presented. The results show that online education in the subject Sport is relatively successful and the role of the teacher to organize and motivate cannot be performed in an electronic environment. The sports, offered by the Sports Department of University of Sofia, almost completely overlap the students’ preferences.
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The COVID-19 Pandemic has forced schools in most developed countries to accept online learning as the only form of education. In just a few days, teachers had to move to this new form of teaching, which would allow the school year to end normally and students to acquire the necessary skills. The purpose of this text is to summarize the good practices of physical education and sports teachers in schools in different countries. The main research method is the review of the scientific literature in this field. It is concluded that online physical education and sports for school students can become an effective form of teaching that can be used alone or in addition to conventional learning.
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The article examines students' views on online pandemic aerobic activities. Lack of movement and social contacts are one of the main problems during isolation and work from home. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), a person needs at least 75 minutes of intense physical activity per week to be healthy.
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The training programs and methodologies are structuring units in planning and organizing the long-term sports training process. In accordance with the development’s main trends of sports training, they are constantly changing. The need of modernizing the training process is related to the concepts of “optimal-best” or “dose-training effect”. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing programs and methodologies for training U12 kids in Bulgaria. There is established earlier sports specialization (7 – 8 years), decreasing of theoretical training, increasing the technical and tactical training and wide range applying of the “multiball training” method.
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In the light of the fact that education is an area of the greatest public importance and the school as an institution is called to develop the knowledge, skills and abilities of all students, the author considers the need to be paid more attention to additional training of gifted and talented students and to their participation in various competitions and Olympiads in information technology. The text examines the growing motivation and desire of students from the Vocational School of Economics - Pernik to participate in extracurricular activities and in development of projects for participation in national Olympiads and IT competitions. These successes are not only the result of traditional teaching methods and techniques, but also of some typical interactive techniques. One of these techniques is the role of the teacher as a facilitator, mentor, supporter, counselor and teammate. Shown are other techniques that increase student motivation and success.
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It is a fact, undoubtedly, that the students of today are the bearers of a new culture – the virtual one. The virtual culture is easily accessible and it has a whole new world to offer. This is a global world with no boundaries, but at the same time, the culture of reading more and more becomes a remnant of the past. The main reason for this claim is that now one can find almost everything online, philosophy included. This is what causes the main issue philosophy, as a school subject, faces- it has to prove that adolescents need it. Beyond any doubt, philosophy is helps in the search for a meaning in life and can be helpful in the students’ world, but not as a list of eternal questions and a system of eternal truth but rather as an irreplaceable culture of questions and answers, of dialogue and discussion. The competences that Philosophy creates in students are related to their skills to participate in discussions and debate, to development of the way of thinking and also to the skills and techniques to analyze and write, comment on case studies and role-play, presentations and projects. Philosophy, however, most certainly has to cooperate with modern technologies. Should it stay beyond the present-day circumstances and back in time, philosophy would be inadequate and impossible to understand. The main goal of this expose is to prove that students can make the inter-subject relation between philosophy and information technology themselves and also to propose an unorthodox way of teaching philosophy. The introduction and use of innovative teaching methods can significantly improve and facilitate the acquisition of key competences, namely – digital competences, learning skills, pro-activeness, cultural awareness and skills for expressing through creativity. This could also give students the opportunity to develop different applications and this way – to continuously enrich their knowledge. This is the global goal of “The World of Emotions” website, presented as a successful educational project. The development of such interactive applications and their introduction as a method in the process of education would be a tool for significant increase of students’ interest in philosophy as a science.
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In the last decade the effectiveness of the Bulgarian language education has been sought, not only in the processes of successfully transforming the knowledge-centric to a competency-based approach, nor solely in the communicative-pragmatic study of language units/categories and text models. It stays related to an evaluation (quantitatively and qualitatively) correlated with new forming and creative strategies, realized under the shared activities and responsibilities for both educational subjects – teachers and students. In the context of contemporary assessment and training strategies, this research presents results accumulated by a multi-year, multi-faceted, experimental study of trends in the evaluation activity of Bulgarian language teachers in Bulgaria. The analysis of these results presents not only in the plan of ascertainment, but also as a prospect – as possible effective changes in the communicative pedagogical models of assessment. The prospective positivity of teacher’s evaluative activity is justified not only in the context of compliance with normative documents and criteria. It is also in the context of personally predetermined parameters whose text production is the subject of evaluation (motivation for speech development, axiological register, emotional intelligence, reflexive competence, etc.).
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