Două încercări de sistematizare a proceselor de analogie în lingvistică. Pe marginea concepţiilor lui J. Kuryłowicz şi Witold Mańczak

Author(s): Ionel Apostolatu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

Lucrarea ia în discuţie încercările a doi lingvişti polonezi – Jerzy Kuryłowicz şi Witold Mańczak – de a elabora, la mijlocul secolului trecut, fiecare în felul său, o teorie generală a schimbărilor prin analogie, în sensul unei formalizări a dinamicii proceselor de analogie ce ar permite stabilirea, dacă nu chiar a cauzelor ori a condiţiilor care duc la declanşarea acestor procese, măcar a tendinţelor cu caracter general pe care le-ar urma analogia, odată ce intră în acţiune. Chiar dacă ambii lingvişti au recunoscut că nu se poate prevedea când anume se produce o schimbare prin analogie, au susţinut totuşi că, odată declanşat procesul, se pot stabili direcţiile generale de desfăşurare, fapt ce i-a determinat să vorbească despre existenţa unor „legi”, respectiv „ipoteze” sau tendinţe ale schimbărilor prin analogie.

‘Meta’ Modalities in a Testimonial Fiction Production

Author(s): Sofia Dima / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

The article aims at highlighting the valency of the different “meta” marquers of a literary work initially prohibited in the totalitarian regime. Studied from the point of view of their orthography, phonology, morphology, lexicology, semantics and pragmatics, the “meta” marquers reveal their inner referential capacity for providing the necessary clarifications both in the cultural spaces the novel evokes and in those to which it addresses.

Rolul metaforei în discursul economic şi în subtipurile acestuia

Author(s): Corina Dobrotă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

In the exploration of economic discourse, which may be divided into theoretic and mediatic discourse, the most salient issue seems to be related to the pervasive presence of the conceptual metaphorical schemes actualised in various metaphorical models, such as Adam Smith’s, Alfred Marshall’s, John Maynard Keynes’ or Mirowski’s, to quote only the most commonly acknowledged. The article examines the manner in which the economic discourse and its various subtypes are made comprehensible by means of the main conceptual metaphors used in describing economic phenomena.

Silvia Irimiea, Rethinking Applied Linguistics from Applied Linguistics to Applied Discourse Studies, Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2017

Author(s): Dorin Chira / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2017

La filière francophone de l’Académie d’Études Économiques de Bucarest – un progrès vers le processus d’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur roumain

Author(s): Alexandrina Deaconu / Language(s): French Issue: 30/2014

Avec le processus d’internationalisation que l’Académie d’Études Économiques adéclenché, il y a quelques années, la plus grande université d'études économique de payss’inscrit dans les tendances manifestées par les grandes universités européennes. Nousavons assisté, depuis quelques années, à la création et à la consolidation de nombreuxprogrammes d’études qui se déroulent en langues étrangères dans différents domaines despécialisation académiques : économie, finance, comptabilité, management, administrationdes affaires, marketing ou cybernétique économique. Dans cette intervention, nous allonsfaire une synthèse des analyses effectuées dans la filière francophone de la Facultéd'Administration des Affaires en langues étrangères qui organise des études de licence etmaster en langue française, pour les étudiants roumains ou étrangers

Contrôle de la qualité de l’éducation et le développement des programmes francophones

Author(s): Natalia D. Burova / Language(s): French Issue: 30/2014

La qualité de l’éducation au sein des programmes internationaux est assurée par l’expérience accumulée tout au long de la coopération. La création des filières francophones a connu une longue histoire d’adaptation aux règlements éducatifs nationaux, aux marchés locaux du travail du point de vue du choix de la spécialisation et aux compétitivités spécifiques des universités-partenaires pour la répartition des responsabilités et de l’application des méthodes et outils d’enseignement. Le monde des entreprises apporte aussi sa contribution en organisant différents types de projets et de stages pour les étudiants, y compris des études de terrain. Les partenaires des programmes interviennent aussi au niveau du contenu des matières spécialisées, en créant les études des cas, qui reflètent la réalité du travail.

Not the Party of the Welfare State: The Boundaries of the Concept of the Welfare State in the Construction of Political Identities across the British Press

Author(s): Małgorzata Paprota / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Positioned within the discourse-historical approach (DHA) to discourse analysis, this paper examines the function of discursive constructions of the welfare state as a concept in asserting political identities in a corpus of British newspaper articles. It finds the boundaries of the concept are an important factor in the construction of such identities and proposes that delineation of concept boundaries be considered among the discursive strategies analysed in DHA.

NEŠTO O SPEKTRU ZNAČENJA KONSTRUKCIJA INTRANZITIVNOG KRETANJA U ENGLESKOM I SRPSKOM JEZIKU: POGLED KA PERIFERIJI

Author(s): Nataša R. Milivojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

Set within the theoretical account proposed by Levin (1993) and Goldberg (1995) the paper deals with intransitive motion constructions in English and in Serbian. Specifically, it deals with those instances of the construction where the head element of the structure is a verb of emission (either a verb of sound or light emission). The overal theoretical framework of the research is the combination of two theoretical models, namely the model ofprojectionist and the model of constructional semantics, while formal descriptions of the construction are offered within the semantic framework proposed by Zwarts ( 2005, 2006). Theoretical results presented in the paper are backed up by literary examples from original texts in English and Serbian, as well as by examples from various online language corpora, serving as empirical support to the theoretical conclusions of the reserach. The research positions the intransitive motion construction within a larger set of similar resultative constructions in a contrastive perspective, showing that resultatives are a relevant trans-language phenomenon. It is also shown that the full range of meanings exhibited by intransitive motion constructons belongs to a semantic continuum which depends on identical formal and structural restrictions in all of its instances and that this range of meanings is simlarly manifested in both languages under inspection.

Intensionality, Reference and Games of Partial Information I. Intensional Transitive Verbs

Author(s): Mihai Hîncu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

In this paper I focus on the linguistic constructions in which intensional transitive verbs (ITVs) occur. In order to present the complex semantic profile of the ITVs, I contrast them with the extensional transitive verbs and I inspect the semantic differences of their inferential behaviour with respect to the existential entailment, to the substitution salva veritate of the coreferential terms and to the semantic specificity. Insofar as the sentences containing ITVs are structurally ambiguous between an intensional, de dicto interpretation, and an extensional, de re interpretation, they threaten the coordination between agents. For this reason, if the speaker uses an ITV in one way and the hearer’s reading of it diverges from the speaker’s intended meaning, both agents have a coordination problem. In this regard, using the mathematical framework of games of partial information, I show what conditions have to be satisfied in order for a rational speaker and a rational hearer to efficiently communicate with a sentence in which an ITV occurs and to converge on the right interpretation of the intensional verb construction, when the sentence’s surface syntax is probabilistically silent about which of the de re or de dicto meaning the hearer has to choose in order to coordinate with the speaker. This is the first part of a two-part study.

Intensionality, Reference and Games of Partial Information II. Semantic Verbs

Author(s): Mihai Hîncu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

In this paper, I look at the semantic behaviour of the most emblematic verb of our semantic lexicon, „refer (to)”, through the prism of the semantic features considered definitory for the extensional verbs and I show that there are strong theoretical reasons for considering that it belongs to the class of ITVs and that, in consequence, it generates structural ambiguity at each level of language in which it is involved. In this regard, I show how the conceptual framework of the games of partial information can successfully accommodate the semantic verb’s inherent ambiguity. In order to accomplish this task, I present a scenario of strategic communication involving semantic verbs and I model it as a two-agent coordination game. The cognitive dynamics peculiar to the agents’ interaction will be presented on the background of some reasonable assumptions introduced to guarantee the finding of a solution concept corresponding to the game. In this regard, after I compute the expected utilities of the strategic profiles, I determine a set of Nash equilibria and I show that the game’s unique solution can be equated with that set’s member which passes the test of Paretian efficiency. In the end, I present the picture of the interplay between the speaker’s reference and the semantic reference which emerges from the game-theoretical framework adopted here and I show some of its methodological consequences related to the way in which the key concept of reference has to be theoretically framed. This is the second part of a two-part study.

„Genitalium membrorum (…) foeditates”. L’analisi dei termini sessuali ricorrenti nell’ Adversus Nationes di Arnobio

Author(s): Anna Kucz / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2016

The aim of this article is to present the ways in which Arnobius speaks of the body and its sexuality, in particularhis linguistic strategies employed to articulate sexual terms. It analyses those fragments of AdversusNationes where the Rhetorician of Sicca Veneria does not shy away from sexual terms describing various bodyparts, yet is far from being vulgar or literal. Arnobius’s apologia constitutes a rich source of lexical materialcovering human anatomy and obscene behaviours. It is also an example of how to observe the rules of aestheticsin Late Antique literature.

Grecka nazwa ślimaka σέσῑλος i jej indoeuropejska geneza

Author(s): Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The author discusses three Ancient Greek names for ‘snail with a spiral shell’: (1) σέσῑλος, (2) σέσηλος and(3) σέσελις (gen. sg. σεσέλιτος). It is suggested that the first name σέσῑλος is of Ionic origin (with the regular representation of the diphthong ει as ῑ), the second one σέσηλος belongs to the Doric heritage (see the Laconiangloss in Hesychius’ lexicon: σέσηλοι· κοχλίαι. Λάκωνες), and the third σέσελις represents a purely Attic form.The Proto-Greek archetype should be reconstructed as *σέσελϝος (m.) ‘snail’. In fact, the disappearance of theglide *ϝ in the Ancient Greek dialects causes the lengthening of the original vowel *ε to ει (later ῑ) in Ionic,to η in Doric. Only the Attic dialect preserves the short vowel ε with no change, see e.g. Ionic ξεῖνος, Doricξῆνος, Attic ξένος (m.) ‘guest-friend; guest; stranger, foreigner, refugee’ < Proto-Greek *ξένϝος, see Myc.Gk. ke-se-nu-wo [ksenwos], Aeolic ξέννος, Corcyrean πρόξενϝος (m.) ‘public guest, deputy’. The archetype*σέσελϝος was created as a reduplicated form of the Indo-European verbal root *tsel- ‘to creep, crawl’, cf. OldIndic (Vedic) tsáru- m. (u-stem) ‘a crawling animal’ (< IE. *tsélus m. ‘snail’). A related term with no reduplicationis attested in the Hesychian glossary (σ-374): σελάτης· κοχλίας, as well as in the Celtic languages, e.g.[1] MIr. selide ‘snail’, Mod. Ir. seilide, seilchide, seilmide, slimide ‘id.’ (< Celtic *selantī- < IE. *tsel-n̥t-ī); [2]OIr. selige m. (gl. testudo) ‘tortoise’, MIr. seilche ‘tortoise; snail’, Scottish Gaelic seilcheag ‘snail’ (< Celtic*selaki̯ās < IE. *tselə2ki̯ās).

Satyra, rozmowa zmarłych czy dialog polityczny? O formie gatunkowej utworu Klemensa Janickiego „In Polonici vestitus varietatem et inconstantiam dialogus”

Author(s): Monika Szczot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The articles focuses on the analysis of the genology of a literary piece by Klemens Janicki. Its form turns outto be of complex and syncretic nature, likewise the issues discussed therein and concerning the politics andsocial manners.

What Does the Long-lived Nestor’s Cup Hold in Store? Remarks on the Reception of the Theme in Iconography and Literature

Author(s): Barbara Milewska-Waźbińska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The paper studies selected aspects of the reception of Homeric theme of Nestor’s cup in the early modern times,both in emblematics and in literary worksThe longevity of king of Pylos and his oratorical skills were oftenalluded to in the Greek and Latin literature. As it turns out, the interpretation of the cup’s adornments includedin Athenaeus’ Banquet of the Learned was widely discussed in the early modern times. This interpretationcontributed both to the study of emblematics and literary works. The Homeric theme left its indelible markalso on the Old Polish literature, as in the funeral oration in honor of Bishop of Cracow Jakub Zadzik entitledNestor Sarmaticus written by Jan Cynerski-Rachtamowicz.

Semiotics of Old Age in Polish Neo-Latin Poetry. Samboritanus, Cochanovius, Treter, Sarbievius, Ines

Author(s): Elwira Buszewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The main aim of this paper is to analyze several early-modern Neo-Latin poems written by Polish authors; thepoems deal (in different ways) with old age. The poets undertake a kind of intertextual game with the reader,applying various stereotypes and clichés. On can speak about a “semiotic landscape” of old age. The authorstaken into consideration are Jan Kochanowski, Grzegorz of Sambor, Thomas Treter (16th century) and MaciejKazimierz Sarbiewski, Albert Ines (17th century).

The Son of Homer – Ezra Pound’s Odyssey

Author(s): Gerson Schade / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Ezra Pound was obsessed with Ulysses. He identified with him throughout his Cantos, a work Pound opensby stealthily reworking a passage from an obscure 16th-century Latin translation of Homer’s Odyssey. The sonof Homer Pound, Ezra led a Ulyssean life in various senses – leaving his home country only to return after hisadventures, simulating madness, telling lies. He shares the lying and the way of life with his contemporaryLawrence of Arabia. Both translated the Odyssey and both, like Ulysses, lost all their friends (or alienatednearly everyone). All three were much despised for their habits, Ulysses in general by the Greek classicaltragedians, Pound in particular by George Orwell, and Lawrence by practically everybody.

The Tears of Odysseus: Brandstaetter’s Revisiting of the Ancient Homeric Tradition

Author(s): Elżbieta Wesołowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The paper focuses on the connections between Homeric poems, mainly Odyssey and the Polish dramaOdysseus Crying by the Polish playwright Roman Brandstaetter, especially in the light of the motif of weepingand crying.

Jana ze Stobnicy (1470–1519) wykład o Grecji. Inspiracje Eneasza Sylwiusza Piccolominiego (1405–1464).

Author(s): Robert Krzysztof Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article offers insights on the reception and cultural transmission of one of the most important Renaissancetexts entitled De Europa written by Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, an Italian scholar (he became Pope Pius II in1458). His work was adopted and adapted by the Polish scholar Jan of Stobnica. In his dissertation Introductioin Ptolemaei cosmographiam cum longitudinibus et latitudinibus regionum et civitatum celebriorum, he tookup all issues of Piccolomini`s treatise, including geographical and historical aspects of Greece. His attitudeto this material was very positive. The article considers the motifs of Greek districts, such as Macedonia,Thessaly, Boeotia, Attica, the Peloponnese, the Isthmus, Achaea, Acarnania, Epirus, and the significance of Greece for Polish Renaissance culture.

Thematic Metaphors in Idiomatic Expressions Illustrated with Examples from English, German, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian

Author(s): Bianca-Iuliana Misinciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

Language is shaped by life experiences and we see how occupations, leisure activities and common practices are reflected in language, due to their significance in the evolution of mankind and in the forming of communities. Idiomatic expressions contain aspects of reality which are transformed into metaphors that make figurative references, adding depth and enriching the discourse, and they stand as testimonies and mirrors of the past. Idioms tell stories of history and culture, encompassing aspects that are specific or relatable to people in general and notions that define the human being. References to various activities become imprinted onto language in the form of metaphors that can be classified into different themes, based on the realities that they stem from: hunting, sailing, fighting practices, spirituality in its many forms, arts, magic, religiousness, trades and handicrafts, sports, games and even technology. These themes or conceptual domains around which metaphors and idioms are centered are universal and can be found in many different languages; this is proven through examples from two Germanic languages – English and German, and three Romance languages – Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian. Along with many similarities, contrast can be found as well, and observing the different ways in which certain concepts are illustrated in different languages gives us a taste of linguistic and cultural uniqueness.

A Contrastive Study of the Similarities and Differences of Bulgarian and German Economic Journalistic Texts

Author(s): Silviya Vasileva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article presents research work on the similarities and differences of Bulgarian and German economic journalistic texts. It starts by analysing textlinguistic models to determine the kind, type, and genre of the text and focuses on those which are defined by the function of the text and the way the topic is developed. At the same time the problem of „specialized text” and its percentage has been solved. The constituent elements of „specializedness” are revealed in detail: terminology, non-terminology specialized vocabulary, and various lexicosemantic features. Depending on the topic development the texts are grouped into descriptive, descriptive with explicative elements, argumentative, and argumentative-explicative, which are comparable according to a textlinguistic model in both languages.