Das Нежит-Amulett von Кърджали und die rekontruktion seines Textes

Author(s): Ulrich Schweier / Language(s): Bulgarian,German Publication Year: 0

In the past years a lot of lead amulets have been found in Bulgaria and some of them enchantments on them against Nejit, who are believed to be a humanoid spirit in the folklore. The oldest amulet found is dated from 10-11th century. This paper is focused on an amulet that has been found recently near the town of Kyrdjali. The uniqueness of this amulet is that a mix of cyrillic and glagolic letters have been written on it. Two copies of the text exist that were analysed and described once by German and second time by Bulgarian linguists. The interval between the two examinations was 10 years. In this article a comparison between the Bulgarian and the German reconstruction of the text is being made as the two texts are evaluated in the context of the newest information.

Надгробен надпис в чест на шейх

Author(s): Katerina Venedikova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The author makes a short review of publications of Arabic Ottoman inscription in honour of a sheikh. The paper provides a facsimile, a deciphered text transcribed in Latin, a translation in Bulgarian and coments on the monument. The inscription shows that there were members of the Qadiri tariqa (Sufi order) in the 18th century in Plovdiv and maybe that there was a tekke of this brotherhood.

Dylematy interpretacyjne badacza dawnej polszczyzny południowokresowej

Author(s): Katarzyna Sicińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents some problems related to the interpretation of the linguistic facts characteristic of the Polish language of the 17th and 18th century Southern Borderland (illustrated by the example of phonetic features). Due to the complicated genesis of this language variety, it is sometimes difficult or even impossible to determine the nature and origin of some phenomena. Interpretative dilemmas arise in the case of such questions as: 1) does a phenomena in question have a merely graphic or also phonetic nature (e.g. forms such as Błogosławięstwy), 2) should a phenomena in question be considered a peripheral archaism or a result of Ukrainian interference (e.g. forms such as alie, pisarsz, oczekuiąć), 3) should a phenomena in question be considered one of Polish dialect features or Ukrainian borrowings (e.g. forms such as Łaskie, sztachietow, chiba) etc.

Perspektywa badawcza w pracy nad kazaniami 2. połowy XIX wieku

Author(s): Renata Bizior / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents perspectives adopted in research related to linguistics studies dedicated to Polish old catholic sermons, mainly preached in 19th century. First part of this paper presents characteristics of newer linguistic research carried on basis of sermons in 19th century in comparison to sermons preached prior to this period. In second part the author discusses the perspective of research that she have adopted during own research on sermons created and published in second half of 19th century. The author considers as the most crucial reference the concept of historical and linguistic, also communicative idea developed by Stanisław Borowski that has been associated with category of communicative community as well as its bonding and shaping communicative processes. Equally important to author’s research is generic perspective, which allows to describe meaning and function of religious statement genre, such as sermon, in order to realize communicative needs of religious communicative community. Direction of research within this area is based mainly on the concept of genres created by Maria Wojtak and Bożena Witosz, especially assumptions of historical genology. Another point of view, allowing to discover interesting possibilities of analysis, brings consideration of historical, cultural and social realities that accompanied creating and functioning of preaching texts. Last part presents sample lingual analysis of hell’s image, in which it is including delineated research perspectives. The paper discusses assortment criterion in analyzing preaching texts that are believed to guarantee representativeness of research material.

Stan badań nad prawnoustrojową i retoryczną odmianą komunikacji politycznej w I Rzeczpospolitej

Author(s): Małgorzata Dawidziak-Kładoczna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to identify the literature on political communication in Poland by the year 1795. The result of research on the legal notion variety of political communication are devoted to the development of lexis codes and statutes, the semantics of selected terms of political and constitutions and statutes. Linguists study the history and origins of the rhetorical style, the language of individual orators and the effectiveness of speech or politeness language.

AUGMENTATIVBILDUNGEN IN DER SPRACHE DER MASSENMEDIEN

Author(s): Irina Bulgacova / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The following article deals with augmentative formations, that is, word formation products that reinforce or intensify the meaning of the basis. The focus is on the use of augmentation in the language of the German mass media. Based on a number of examples registered in current mass media texts, we have analyzed various word formation methods, the semantic peculiarities and the pragmatic performance of augmentative formations in modern German.

Глобализацията и нейното влияние върху обучението по японски език като втори

Author(s): Magdalena Vasileva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The process of globalization and the mobility of human resources pose new tasks and challenges towards the foreign language education in theoretical and practical aspect nowadays. It focuses on the development of competences outside the classroom that help smooth interactions and co-existence between members in multicultural societies. The aim of the present paper is to: 1) Introduce to the reader some of the methods used in teaching Japanese language as a second language in higher education institutions in Japan; 2) Focus on contemporary methods that meet the requirements of the process of globalization.The process of globalization and the mobility of human resources pose new tasks and challenges towards the foreign language education in theoretical and practical aspect nowadays. It focuses on the development of competences outside the classroom that help smooth interactions and co-existence between members in multicultural societies. The aim of the present paper is to: 1) Introduce to the reader some of the methods used in teaching Japanese language as a second language in higher education institutions in Japan; 2) Focus on contemporary methods that meet the requirements of the process of globalization.The process of globalization and the mobility of human resources pose new tasks and challenges towards the foreign language education in theoretical and practical aspect nowadays. It focuses on the development of competences outside the classroom that help smooth interactions and co-existence between members in multicultural societies. The aim of the present paper is to: 1) Introduce to the reader some of the methods used in teaching Japanese language as a second language in higher education institutions in Japan; 2) Focus on contemporary methods that meet the requirements of the process of globalization.The process of globalization and the mobility of human resources pose new tasks and challenges towards the foreign language education in theoretical and practical aspect nowadays. It focuses on the development of competences outside the classroom that help smooth interactions and co-existence between members in multicultural societies. The aim of the present paper is to: 1) Introduce to the reader some of the methods used in teaching Japanese language as a second language in higher education institutions in Japan; 2) Focus on contemporary methods that meet the requirements of the process of globalization.

За композитумите от типа на "кой ще да е"

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this text, the main object are the composita of the type koy shte da e in the contemporary Bulgarian language. Through specific examples, I establish the specificity of their semantics and their uses in the sentence. The adopted hypothesis is that they are used as indefinite pronouns, and that they share some of the semantic features of the indefinite pronouns of the types koy da e and koyto shte da e. I present the similarities and differences with other types of indefinite pronouns. Emphasis is placed on the paradigmatization of the composita of the koy shte da e type as indefinite pronouns. Some cases of ambiguity of the functions of this type of indefinite pronouns are considered.

Категорията съставни лексикални единици в нормативната граматика

Author(s): Ruska Stancheva,Viara Maldžieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the systematic description of multiword expressions (MWEs) as objects of grammar. The definition of such units is proposed, their scope is determined, criteria for their identification are derived. A framework for description of the grammatical properties of MWEs is presented that takes into consideration two distinct types of MWEs – syntactic phrasemes and phrasemes. Main normative problems related to the use of syntactic phrasemes are noted.

Средна скорост на речта за българския език (пилотно изследване)

Author(s): Gergana Padareva-Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Bulgarian science has not yet established the average speech rate of adult native speakers of Bulgarian during a talking task. This pilot study aims to measure the average rate of natural speech by applying a methodology in which the measurable speech unit is syllable per minute. 30 individuals (10 men and 20 women) participated in the experiment. They were asked to talk for at least 2 minutes on a topic of their choice. The study found that the speech rate was 280 syllables per minute. Within this pilot experiment, a comparison was also made between men’s and women’s speech, showing a very insignificant difference genderwise.

За Говорите в Дебърско, Република Албания и родопските диалекти

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper compares characteristic dialect features of the Bulgarian dialects from the Debar (Dibra) region in the Republic of Albania and features of the Rhodope dialects. The aim of the comparison is to clarify the nature of the similar or identical features in the reflexes of the back nasal and back jer vowel in different phonetic and phono-morphological positions. Attention is also paid to the dialect lexeme ушники – ‘earrings’, which shows common lexical features in the considered area.

Лексикални маркери на българския преселнически говор от смесен тип

Author(s): Svitlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The lexical diagnostic dialect markers of the Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia have not been studied at all. The preparation of a complete markers’ list at the different language levels is vital for determining the genetic kinship of these dialects.

За шуменския говор преди и след класическия труд на Любомир Милетич Das Ostbulgarische (1903)

Author(s): Krasimira Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Prof. Lyubomir Miletich is the founder of the academic discipline of Bulgarian dialectology. His fundamental work on the Eastern Bulgarian dialects is the basis for all subsequent researchers of this language area, an important part of which is the Shumen dialect considered by Мiletich to be archaic and important for the classification of Bulgarian dialects. Here I make an overview of the works dedicated to the Shumen dialect, which are necessarily based on “Das Ostbulgarische”.

Богатство: ценность или антиценность?

Author(s): Svetlana Šašerina / Language(s): Slovak,Russian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Christian doctrine regulates human life, behavior, and relationships with relatives and strangers through the commandments. Breaking the commandments is considered a sin, and overcoming one’s own weakness leads to one’s betterment and one’s coming closer to God, which is ultimately the goal of every Christian’s life. The desire for wealth and well-being is characteristic of human nature, but the Bible says otherwise: “Indeed, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God." (Luke 18, 25). This article examines the characteristics of the perception of wealth and work from the perspective of popular culture and religion.

Интерпретация имён с нулевыми суффиксами в русском языке: Участник или ситуация?

Author(s): Alexander Letuchiy / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In this paper, I discuss Russian deverbal zero-derived nouns, both prefixed (vyezd ‘departure’) and compound (gvozdodёr ‘tool for pulling out nails’, snegopad ‘snowfall’). It turns out that prefixed nouns mainly denote a situation or its result, while compound nouns may either denote a situation (snegopad) or a participant (agent or a similar instrument-like participant like gvozdodёr). The interpretation depends on the transitivity of the base verb: if it is transitive, the participant interpretation is chosen (gvozdodёr, lesorub ‘lumberjack’, lit. ‘wood-cut’), while with intransitive verbs, the default interpretation is situational (snegopad, ledoxod ‘ice drift’). I explain this possibility by the fact that in complex words, the zero suffix is attached simultaneously with root compounding, and the second root (e.g., -dёr-, -rub-) is not usually a word and does not have a fixed interpretation. By contrast, in words like vyezd the zero suffix is attached to the existent prefixed verb vyexat’ / vyezžat’ ‘drive out’. The properties of the verb are retained under nominalization, including the situational interpretation.

Българският дискурсен маркер 'де' в балкански контекст

Author(s): Ekaterina Tarpomanova / Language(s): Albanian,Bulgarian,Romanian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the discourse marker де in the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund (Bulgarian, Albanian, Greek, and Romanian). Theories on the etymology of де in the Balkan languages are analyzed in view of the likelihood of a substratum, Turkic or Slavic origin. The focus is on the use and meaning of the discourse marker. In Bulgarian, Greek, and Albanian, three main meanings can be distinguished, along with some set phrases, while Romanian deviates from the Balkan pattern in the use of the marker.

За мекостта на билабиалните консонанти в българския и в румънския език (акустичен аспект)

Author(s): Vladislav Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian,Romanian Publication Year: 0

The study analyzes the acoustic characteristics of the bilabial consonants bj, pj and mj in the Bulgarian language and of the bilabial consonants b, p and m in the Romanian language, when preceding the graphic combination ea. The comparative analysis is based on the type of F1 and F2 transition, as the transition of F1 frequencies with soft consonants is lower at the beginning (onset) and higher at the end (offset), while F2 is characterized by higher initial frequencies and lower final frequencies. The experiments show that the acoustic characteristics of the Romanian bilabial consonants b, p and m before ea are close to the acoustic characteristics of the Bulgarian soft bilabial consonants.

CUM SĂ TE ,,ÎNDRĂGOSTEȘTI” DE GRAMATICA LIMBII ROMÂNE? PREDAREA TIMPURILOR VERBALE STUDENȚILOR STRĂINI DIN ANUL PREGĂTITOR DE LIMBA ROMÂNĂ. STRATEGII TEORETICE ȘI DIDACTICE (I)

Author(s): Silviu-Constantin Mihăilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

My paper intends to illustrate a possible didactic scenario of how to teach The Subjunctive Mood to international students enrolled in the academic program entitled „The Preparatory Year of Romanian Language for Foreign Citizens” at Bucharest University of Economic Studies. The study is the partial result of teaching the „Practical Course of Romanian: Phonetics, Vocabulary and Sentence Structures” for about 9 academic years. This is part of a wider research, now in progress, as I am working on a Practical Romanian Grammar Book for Foreigners. I do believe that after The Present Tense in Romanian, the Subjunctive Mood is considered to be the 2nd most difficult tense in Romanian language, by foreign students, although there is a close grammatical connection between these 2 verbal tenses aspects. I can say for sure that knowing very well the Present Tense in Romanian ensures in the same time a good acquirement for the students of the Subjunctive Mood too. Of course, the peculiar grammatical aspects for the 3rd singular and plural person are to be mentioned and exemplified.

Семантични студии. Синтактично и семантично описание на български глаголи. Предговор

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Extended ontology of noun semantic classes

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The primary aim of this study is to propose an effective approach for characterising the frame elements of conceptual frames within the Bulgarian FrameNet using noun classes. This approach will facilitate the prediction of comprehensive and semantically valid combinations between verbal lexical units that evoke conceptual frames and appropriate nouns. The study provides a concise overview of the semantic classifications of nouns in WordNet, Corpus Pattern Analysis, FrameNet, and VerbAtlas, emphasising their significance in predicting verb-noun compatibility. The structure of the Bulgarian FrameNet (BulFrame) is presented, containing components adapted from FrameNet for Bulgarian along with a substantial amount of lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic information specific to the Bulgarian language. One distinctive feature of the Bulgarian FrameNet is the specification of noun classes, indicating appropriate nouns for the lexical realisation of frame elements. By aligning synonym sets from WordNet with the semantic types of Corpus Pattern Analysis and FrameNet, as well as with the selective preferences of VerbAtlas, the foundational structure of the Extended Ontology of Noun Semantic Classes is established. The Ontology concepts are linked, not exclusively, to synonym sets from WordNet and thereby to sets of nouns suitable for combination with verbal lexical units that evoke the corresponding conceptual frames. The contribution of this development lies in detailing the steps for selecting semantic classes (concepts) and constructing the structure of the Extended Ontology of Noun Semantic Classes.