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Struktury uzasadniania. Część III. Kontekstualizm

Author(s): Jacek Ziobrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (103)/2018

This paper is the last part of a series of three articles concerning the structure of justification. The author discusses contextualism regarding the structure of justification in the versions put forward by David Annis and Michael Williams. Williams explicitly contrasts his view with both foundationalist and coherentist theories. He gives a novel and valuable account of the system of beliefs and the structure of justification. Still, one can have doubts as to its normative dimension, i.e. as to whether it correctly shows what the structure of justification should be like from the epistemic point of view.

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Realizmus či antirealizmus

Author(s): VÁCLAV ČERNÍK / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2000

Pri čítaní zaujímavého dialógu o realizme a antirealizme, ktorý prebieha na stránkach Organonu F,1 som si vybavil jednu myšlienku z biografie M. Kopernika od Jána Piaseckého (Podobizna s konvalinkou, 1956).

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Na okraj jednej zbytočnej poznámky

Author(s): Dušan Gálik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1999

Pri listovaní v treťom tohtoročnom čísle Organonu F m a upútala poznámka n a konci state L. Kvasza [1]. Hovorí v nej, prečo Poppera zaraďuje medzi dialektikov.

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Preference a preferenční uspořádání v kontextech hodnocení a rozhodování

Author(s): Ladislav Tondl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/1999

The presented contribution stresses the role of preference ordering and of the logical culture in many spheres of human rational activities, especially in the domains connected with evaluating and decision-making tasks. Since preference relation is conceived as a relation of proposition-like-entities (in the sense of G. H. von Wright), any construction of preference ordering pre_- supposes the application of comparability principles. Preference expressions can be considered as a special form of propositional attitudes and the concept of preference itsself as an intensional operator.

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Realizmus a pravda

Author(s): Paul Horwich / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/1999

Jestvuje nejaký logický vzťah medzi problémom pravdy a problémom realizmu? Poskytuje korektný výklad nášho pojmu pravdy vôbec nejaký základ, aby sme v debate medzi realistami a antirealistami zaujali jedno či druhé stanovisko?

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Teória falzifikácie K. R. Poppera a exaktnosť

Author(s): Jozef Viceník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/1999

Uplynulo päť rokov od uverejnenia dialógu Úsilie o exaktnú filozofiu (po 28 rokoch). Cieľ bol jednoduchý: pokúsiť sa obnoviť diskusiu o rôznom chápaní pojmu exaktnosti, hraniciach exaktnosti vo vede a filozofii, a najmä možnostiach exaktného štýlu filozofovania.

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Platónovo pojetí jsoucna v dialogu Sofistés jako doklad rozchodu se Sókratem

Author(s): Martin Bauer / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/1999

Naším úkolem je analyzovat jeden významný moment Platónova myšlenkového vývoje, jímž je odstoupení od Sokratovy filosofie. Struktura tohoto odstoupení je velmi složitá, má svoji vlastní genezi, specifické projevy a zasahuje více Platónových dialogů.

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Doktrína realizmu: Nutnosť alebo prívesok

Author(s): Egon Gál,Jan Rybar,Tatiana Sedová,Jozef Viceník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1998

Conversation between Ján Rybár, Tatiana Sedová, Jozef Viceník and Egon Gál,

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Madness at the Basis of Knowledge. The Heresy of Jean-Luc Marion

Author(s): Urszula Idziak-Smoczynska / Language(s): English Issue: 62supl./2017

The article addresses the development of Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology in one of his last book entitled Certitudes négatives. If negativity has always been present in the phenomenology of giveness through parallels with negative theology, the second term of the title addresses a Cartesian notion – the certitude of distinct and clear knowledge. Negativity that appears in late Marion is being interpreted as a gesture of compromise towards thinkers claiming the death of the subject and the triumph of the other in its otherness and, as such, it will be read as a new point in Marion’s discussion with Derrida about the gift. Challenging negative certitude Marion exposes himself to a heterodoxical dialogue with other authors of the French Theory about knowledge, faith and fiction all entangled around certainty.

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Poznanie estymatywne jako niemetodyczny i nieobiektywizujący modus myślenia w myśli Descartesa

Author(s): Jean-Luc Marion / Language(s): Polish Issue: 62supl./2017

The article’s starting point is an analysis based on the Passions of the Soul and other writings of the “late” Descartes, where the author describes the epistemological status of esteem as a modus of cogitatio. Estimating a thing according to its value is supposed to be a kind of estimative cognition, devoid of objectivity. The author emphasizes the passive dimension of estimation, as well as some convergence between esteem and doubt, which opens the way for a new phenomenological interpretation of Descartes’ thought. The text closes by a reference to Pascal, whose discussion with Descartes is both a confirmation of the importance of the concept o f esteem in Descartes’ philosophy and an emphasis the need to develop it in accordance with the third order of love.

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O stosunku Augustyna do filozoifii

Author(s): Rafał Toczko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 57/2012

This paper treats about Augustine’s definitions and reflections on philosophy. It proves that there occurred a major shift in Augustine’s understanding of philosophy both in the field of epistemology and ethics. Author presents chronology of these changes, that takes into account not only strictly philosophical writings, but later works as well, especially these dedicated to polemics with Pelagius. Early Augustine understood philosophy as a domain of actions of ratio. Philosophy was – in Cassiciacum – a method of getting to grips with the eternal truths, different than simple faith, but one that leads to God just as well. Its advantage is that it enables one to reach full insight into the true reality. At this stage he believes that any man trained in artes liberales can achieve intellectus Dei and reach perfect happiness. These views ceased to be repeated by Augustine already in the last decade of 5th century and later on. The optimistic view on ratio and philosophical way of life was shadowed by a more complicated nucleus of ideas, known as the theory of grace. Author discusses also G. Catapano’s thoughts on a shift in Augustine’s attitude towards philosophers, even those from the school of Plato.

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Ešte raz o esenciách biologických druhov

Author(s): Dušan Gálik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/1998

V statiach [3] a [4], týkajúcich sa problému esencializmu v otázke biologických druhov som sa dopustil niekoľkých omylov a nepresností, ktorých dôsledkom bol spravodlivý hnev P. Sýkoru nad tým, že mu pripisujem názor "druhy sú triedy, ktoré majú esencie", čím ho zaraďujem medzi tradičných esencialistov.

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Poznámky na okraj jednej diskusie

Author(s): Tatiana Sedová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/1998

Diskusia, ktorá odštartovala pod názvom Epistemologický relativizmus: áno a nie (Organon F 4 (1997), č.4, 387-402) ma zaujala natoľko, že som sa rozhodla prispieť svojou troškou do mlyna aj ja.

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Černík, V. - Viceník, J. - Višňovský, E.: Historické typy racionality

Author(s): František Mihina / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/1998

Review of: Černík, V. - Viceník, J. - Višňovský, E.: Historické typy racionality, Historické typy racionality. Bratislava, Iris 1997.

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Posągi jako źródła nowej epistemologii (przypadek Michela Serresa)

Author(s): Katarzyna Trzeciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2017

The article attempts to read the metaphor of the statue in Michel Serres’ philosophical discourse. Sculpture understood in the broad sense, as Serres proposes in Statues: The Second Book of Foundations, enables him to trace a whole array of concepts in western thought, and to make the statue itself a model of new cognition, extending beyond binary oppositions and open to unpredictability and a lack of continuity. For Serres a statue also offers the possibility to cross the boundaries of science and the humanities, and consequently to become, at the same time, both a critical and utopian figure.

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Úvod do filozofie mysle (I)

Author(s): Silvia Gáliková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/1998

"Za najväčší škandál vo filozofii," napísal K. Popper v jednej zo svojich klasických prác Objective Knowledge, "považujem to, že zatiaľ čo badáme, ako sa príroda okolo nás vytráca, filozofi sa zaoberajú otázkou, či svet existuje." Domnievam sa, že v súčasnej filozofii mysle postihol podobný osud fenomén, ktorý sa nám zdá byť azda najbližším a nespochybniteľným, náš vnútorný svet, našu myseľ a vedomie.

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Thomas Kuhn, kamene a fyzikálne zákony

Author(s): Richard Rorty / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1997

Although many philosophers do not consider Thomas Kuhn to be a great philosopher, there are at least two reasons to do so. First, he helped to remap our culture and created for it a new structural plan, and second even without being educated in philosophy his work bears an important metaphilosophical message. I took his work and applied consequences on the field of philosophy which helped me to view our culture not as an epistemological and ontological hierarchy reaching from formal sciences down to rhetoric, but as a spectrum of viewpoints with rigidity of norms on one end and constant change on the other. There are still those who think Kuhn should not be taken seriously. Among them there are both analytic philosophers and natural scientists. Steven Weinberg serves as a great example. He believes that by virtue of his participation in the actual process of making physics he knows all the problems of philosophy of his discipline. He uses terms which philosophers were deciphering for a long time without any contemplation over their meaning. Kuhn is one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century and although he was afraid to articulate all consequences of his revolutionary work, he did a great job in showing us that the privileged position science has in our culture in not entirely justified.

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T. S. Kuhn a teória vedeckých revolúcií

Author(s): Jozef Viceník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1997

In his paper the author focuses on the analysis of 1. Kuhn's self-reflection, his discovery of hermeneutics and its importance for the new way of reading (interpretation) and understanding the text, 2. Kuhn's comprehension of the relation between history and philosophy of science and of many different factors which influence upon forming and development of a modern history of science, 3. Working out of Kuhn's specific conceptional apparatus (paradigm, normal science, anomaly, crisis, scientific revolution, and so on), 4. Kuhn's cycle of scientific knowledge (his conception of scientific paradigms alternation) and 5. some methodological controversions concerning incomensurability of scientific paradigms, understandig of the normal science and Kuhn's antirealism.

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Možné svety v dejinách vedy

Author(s): Thomas Kuhn / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/1997

Pozvanie otvoriť diskusiu o možných svetoch v dejinách vedy na tomto sympóziu som vřele privítal, pretože viacero otázok, ktoré sa vynárajú v súvislosti s touto témou, hrá v mojej súčasnej vedeckej práci ústrednú úlohu. Ich centrálne postavenie je však aj zdrojom problémov.

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František Mihina: Racionalita. K náčrtu genealógie, modelov a problémov

Author(s): Jozef Viceník / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/1997

Review of: František Mihina: Racionalita. K náčrtu genealógie, modelov a problémov, Mana Con, Prešov 1997, 168 s.

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