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Dve faze Vitgenštajnovog razmatranja jezika

Author(s): Nemanja Mićić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 24/2015

Although there is a general concurrence about the incompatibility between the two phases of Wittgenstein’s thought, there can still be found common ground. The philosophy of language and its regularity in human life and thought is something which pervades in both periods, as well as focusing on valid and invalid ways of using the language – that is to say – setting the boundaries of sense and nonsense. This paper aims at representing some of the basic ideas of Wittgenstein’s thought and investigating how much of a novum is there, regarding the philosophical tradition. Also, there is a question about the validity of used methods for the purposes of promoting a somewhat different approach to philosophy and the everyday life.

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Teorijski temelji stoičke prakse: teorija prirodnog zakona

Author(s): Tonći Kokić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2015

Stoicism is the most important and influential philosophical doctrine of the Hellenistic period, and its ethical aspect, implying the totality of stoic philosophy, represents ‘fruit of a garden’. Theoretical foundations and fi rst postulates of Stoic ethics are the most clear and systematic ethical doctrine of ancient philosophy. Review and understanding of their ethics assumes acceptance of wholeness of stoic philosophical thought and inseparability of its aspects: logic (logikḗ, lógos) that studies the content matter and physics (phýsis, nature, God, pneûma, cosmic lógos) that is the true nature. Totality of Stoic teaching and inseparability of ethics arises for the idea of the perfection of nature formed by lógos, which is the reference point for everything including the moral action. Ethical values can be known only through logical analysis of compliance of nature of certain beings with Nature. For this reason, the author presents overview of the mentioned aspects of stoic philosophical thought and its ethical resultant. Finally, it seems unquestionable that the Stoic ethics in Western Philosophy is the first comprehensive and systematic display of the eternal moral law built in the structure of Nature, which can be comprehended by the reason of the morally free agent – a human person. According to this, the theoretical foundation of the Stoic practice is in the ethical natural law theory.

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Lajbnicov pojam nauke – početak i kraj optimizma

Author(s): Zoran Dimić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/2015

One of the most important founders of the modern notion of science was Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. By his own determination of modern science, his name and his philosophy are linked in many ways to the famous catastrophe at the start of the modern epoch in Europe, namely the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Leibniz’s ideal of science was expressed through the idea of mathesis universalis (universal mathematics). According to Leibniz’s interpretation, all things in nature should be understood and explained through size (magnitudo), form (figure) and motion (motus). We could say that according to this idea of modern science particular natural phenomena always need to be explained mathematically. Leibniz’s idea of science is the complete expression of the modern era. The mathematics should not only provide science with certainty (certitude) but our lives as well. Leibniz’s mathematical interpretation of natural phenomena takes us in this way to ”optimism” and the idea of the best of all possible worlds. Unfortunately Leibniz’s optimistic view of the world, which was generally typical for the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century, was later dramatically interrupted by Lisbon earthquake. The ability to measure and compute the strength of the earthquake and the height of the tsunami did not bring tranquility and serenity to the souls of Portuguese and other Europeans. On the contrary, the computing knowledge of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake incorporated into their lives the enormous fear of recurrent catastrophe. The past catastrophe was regarded as a portent of the new catastrophe to come. Hence the author of this paper argues that it is not the 1755 Lisbon earthquake itself which marked the end of the optimism, but the modern notion of the science which brought the fear into the souls of the people by counting and predicting the probability of the new catastrophes.

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Poliformnost kao nastavni, naučni i filozofski princip

Author(s): Šefket Krcić,Đogo G. Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 22/2014

In this paper, the authors examined by the means of a dialogue the very current question of speculative confluence of philosophy and mathematics. In this collegial discourse, they start off from a methodological position that states that polyformism is an inevitable principle based on the dialectical law of negation, which is present in the science of philosophy since the time of Aristotle. The key essential question of this scientific and philosophical phenomenon is in its permanent insistence upon integral examination of various approaches of hermeneutic understanding and reasoning of notions, especially while studying scientific, educational or philosophical phenomena. By studying and exploring the possibility of applying this principle, the authors arrived at the following conclusion: if it is undisputed that evidence (presenting by the means of trivial proof by laws of logic) is a principle, and permanence (maintaining formal order) founded on evident proof is also a principle, then every finite chain of conjunctions of evident scientific, methodic, philosophical proofs, or a multiple conjunction thereof, itself a scientific, methodic or philosophical principle.

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Franz Rosenzweig: Das „Neue Denken“

Author(s): Kurt Walter Zeidler / Language(s): German Issue: 14/2010

According to his own understanding, in his work The Star of Redemption (1921) Franc Rosenzweig offered „the system of philosophy“ which tended to new thinking, i.e. to philosophy renaissance by virtue of „theological notion of revelation“, but his critique of the „old philosophy“ was primarily focused on historical-relativistic cultural conscience, by which god, world and man – „the three last and first subjects of all philosophizing“ – are scattered away in a disarray of gods, worlds and men. Therefore it can be asked whether Rosenzweig’s critique of the three former ideas of reason (Kant) should be understood only as an existential rejection of „universality of thinking“ (Levinas) or as something more – as a demand that the logic of ideas and mediation of ideas be reconsidered again.

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Nastava logike u srednjoj školi – od 1950. do 2010.

Author(s): Ana Kuburić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2010

This historical overview of logic teaching shall begin with school year of 1952/53, when eight years long elementary education was introduced. It can be noted that, in literature concerning logic teaching in our country, emphasis is not put on that period. Considering the fact that the state of Yugoslavia was existent at that particular time, formal decisions immediately related to all republics. Valuable ideas from one territory were implemented in others, being of common interest. Intensive engagement in the field of methodics of logic teaching took place in Croatia, as it is today. Textbooks Logic from Gajo Petrović and Methodics of philosophy teaching of Josif Marinković are still in use in Serbia today, due to the fact that they are still considered as the best solution. That is why history of logic teaching should be analysed since that period up to today.

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Axiomatik als Grundlage einer Rhetorischen Logik?

Author(s): Damir Smiljanić / Language(s): German Issue: 13/2010

In the following paper I will consider the question how the idea of axiomatization could be realized in the field of philosophical thinking. For that purpose I proceed from the so far singular attempt to develop consequently an axiomatic theory of philosophizing: from Eberhard Rogge’s Axiomatik alles möglichen Philosophierens (1950). At first a short sketch of Rogge’s self-reliant axiomatic approach will be given where the focus of the attention will be on the implications which this approach has for the philosophy of language. After Rogge has directed his axiomatic theory of philosophizing to the „rhetorical logic“, the next task of the paper consists in showing (or at least indicating) what sense this kind of logic could have within the philosophy. A reconstruction of this logic is very difficult because Rogge’s considerations about this matter are fragmentary. It is possible that the evaluation of his rare reflections on the concept of rhetorical logic leads to a genuine metaphilosophical theory of argumentation. Finally, proceeding from the succinctly described conception of Eberhard Rogge I will discuss the question whether an adequate structural determination of philosophizing can succeed by means of axiomatization.

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EBİ SALT DANİ VE İBN TUMLUS’UN ÖNERME ANLAYIŞLARI

Author(s): İbrahim Çapak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2006

This study explores Abu Salt Dani (d. 579/1134) and Ibn Tumlus’s (1160-1223) examination of propositions. Firstly, it examines Abu Salt Dani’s views on propositions, which can be summed up in four main categories: quality of proposition, quantity of proposition, mutuality of proposition and modality of proposition. Contrary to the approaches of most Muslim logicians, he starts his survey with all types of modal proposition, which can be classified in four main categories: absolute, possible, necessary, impossible. Secondly, it examines Ibn Tumlus’s views on proposition. Ibn Tumlus also examines quality of proposition, quantity of proposition, mutuality of proposition and modality of proposition. Furthermore, he examines, simple, component and conditional propositions. Finally, it will compare the approaches of these two logicians.

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Teleological Metaphilosophy

Author(s): Richard Raatzsch / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2009

The paper addresses a problem regarding the nature of philosophy. How are we to think about the variety of philosophies and the disagreement among philosophers which goes along with it? After stating the problem and looking at an organic and teleological approach to solving it, a Wittgensteinian dissolution is sketched.

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Filozofija i spekulacija: Links Orientirt, Politisch Verdächtig!

Author(s): Mina Okiljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2008

The review of: Milan Kangrga, Klasični njemački idealizam, Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb, 2008.

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Marksov pojam praxis-a

Author(s): Bogdana Koljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2007

In this article the author investigates the perplexed set of meanings of the concept of praxis in Marx. Departing from the relation between Hegel’s concept of spirit (Geist) and Marx’s concept of activity (Praxis), the author first of all considers the genesis of praxis from Phenomenology of Spirit and Science of Logic, as well as the concepts of self-production, labor and perverted praxis (alienation). In the second part, through the figures of „witness“ and „actor“, the relation between theory and practice is reflected through the idea of realization of philosophy. The author argues that this is, primarily, a process of simoultanious subjectivation and objectification – a specific continuity within discontinuity, because of which the important role of theory can not be neglected. Differentiating between various stages of praxis, the author emphasizes that the crucial category of dialectics is not necessity but possibility, exposed through the inner relation between human potentiality and potential humanity.

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Odnos fenomenologije duha i nauke logike kod Hegela

Author(s): Milenko A. Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5-6/2006

Od vremena kada je Hegel objavio djelo “Nauka logike” i dovršio svoj filozofijski sistem odvijaju se diskusije među njegovim interpretatorima i kritičarima o problemu statuiranja “Fenomenologije duha” i same ideje fenomenologije duha u odnosu na nauku logike i enciklopedijski sistem filozofije. Autor je u tekstu izložio ključne momente te diskusije, nastojeći da ih implicitno kritički osvijetli vlastitim tematskim ispitivanjem postavljenog problema. Na samoj lektiri Hegelovih djela i njihovog imanentnog smisla autor nastoji dokazati tezu da iza spoljašnje inkonzistentnosti ideja fenomenologije i logičke nauke postoji njihova duboka unutrašnja konzistentnost. Njome se dokazuje stav da “Fenomenologija duha” ima svoje specifično, ali i pouzdano mjesto u cjelini sistema Hegelove filozofije.

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«Spekulativnost» Hegelova stava: «Istinito je cjelovito»

Author(s): Milan Kangrga / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5-6/2006

U tekstu se tematizira mogućnost da se poznati Hegelov stav iz Predgovora «Fenomenologiji duha», koji glasi «Das Wahre ist das Ganze», dvojako tumači: filozofijsko-metafizički i spekulativno, odnosno, kao metafizički ili spekulativni stav. Autor daje argumentaciju za mogućnost jedne i druge interpretacije iz samoga duha Hegelove filozofije, ne presuđujući definitivno koja bi od te dvije interpretacije bila misaono legitimnija.

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Apsolutni princip teorije relativiteta. Ajnštajn i Njutn

Author(s): Mirko Aćimović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

Philosophical bases of Einstein's conception of space-time and motion, as a crucial development of knowledge in this field of mathematical physics and cosmology based on it, presuppose a difference between theoretical statements of Euclidean geometry and non-Euclidean geometries, as well as their relations towards the science of physics and cosmology. That constitutes the foundation for differentiation between Newtonian classical conception of space, time and motion, and the conception of these notions within the theory of relativity.

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Bergson, Einstein and the Conceptual ‘Transformation’ of a Meter

Author(s): Matthew Morgan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2005

Although the light based definition of a meter was not established until 1983, the current resolution to use light as a standard for measurement has roots in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Even though general relativity has enjoyed widespread support, critics like Henri Bergson challenge essential assertions within this theory. Following Bergson’s challenge, this essay will explore faulty assumptions operating in general relativity and then show how these assumptions adversely affect current practices like using light to determine the length of a meter. The critique developed in this paper serves primarily as an example pointing to a larger problem affecting the natural sciences. Scientists do not always understand the restricted nature of their studies. When these scientists overstep the limits of their discipline, theoretical problems emerge. This illustrates one reason philosophers need to interact with the scientific community.

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Prilog istorijskoj rekonstrukciji filozofije duha

Author(s): Mirko Aćimović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

U modernijim koncepcijama naučne logike teorijski se postavlja i pitanje o ontološkim osnovama epistemoloških razmatranja o odnosima tela i duše, fizičkog i mentalnog. Jer, filozofska nauka o poreklu i prirodi logičkog mišljenja pretpostavlja znanje o prirodnim osnovama ljudskog bića, ali se nauka logike ne svodi na enciklopedijski sistem postignutih spoznaja o biotičkoj i psihičkoj anatomiji svesti, ona teorijski ide prema misli o mišljenju misleći mišljenje mišljenja, pojmovno mišljenje kojim se svo mišljenje u pogledu svoga savršenstva i dovršava. Ontološki odnos tela i duše teorijski prethodi filozofskom razmatranju o suštini logičkog supstrata mišljenja. U istoriji filozofije duha, kao i u istoriji filozofske psihologije, time i modernijih tendencija naučne logike, ovaj odnos pokazuje se u svojim opštijim stavovima kao metafizički dualitet, prirodnonaučni redukcionizam, apsolutni logicizam i kao jedna apstraktna teorija psihofizičkog identiteta, a nešto pobliže, kao fizikalizam, naturaizam i funkcionalizam.

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Logički intuicionizam. Uvodna rasprava

Author(s): Brankica B. Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2005

In this article author is offering a short overview of the philosophical history the logical concept of intuition, taking into consideration standpoints of Plato, Aristotle, Plotin, Augustine, Descartes, Kant, Schopenhauer and Loski. The aim of the paper is to point out the historical bases for a logical theory of the intuition of reason.

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Branislav Petronijević

Author(s): Slobodan Sadžakov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

Kada je reč o filozofskom stvaralaštvu u Srbiji u prvoj polovini dvadesetog veka, mišljenja su uglavnom jedinstvena u tome da taj period pre svega obeležava ime Branislava Petronijevića. Takva jednodušnost ocena o Petronijevićevom mestu u našoj filozofskoj tradiciji podstaknuta je činjenicom zaista obimnog i višestranog dela kojim se ovaj mislilac afirmisao i u evropskim okvirima. Ove godine se navršava 50 godina od smrti Branislava Petronijevića te je i to, između ostalog, povod za podsećanje na rad ovog istaknutog filozofa. [...]

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К вопросу о бесконечности в философии И. Канта

Author(s): Vladimir Nikolaevich Katasonov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2004

Роль понятия бесконечности в философии И.Канта в высшей степени любопытна. Кант как-бы резюмирует в своей философской .системе 200-летний опыт развития науки нового времени. Однако, при чтении его трудов создается впечатление, что все философские бури XVII века, касающиеся актуальной бесконечности, прошли мимо него. А ведь классическая механика, этот “чудо-ребенок” новой цивилизации, обоснованию которой и сам Кант уделяет немало страниц своих сочинений, прогрессирует именно с помощью дифференциального и интегрального исчислений, использующих актуально - бесконечномалую. Разве Кант не понимал значения математического анализа и, тем самым, проблемы бесконечности для механики? Это трудно предположить... Анализ показывает, что кантовское разделение разума на теоретический и практический позволило ему осознать проблему бесконечности в перспективе, далеко выходящей за пределы господствующей в его время “догматической философии”. В этой статье мы анализируем кантовские представления о бесконечности (в основном в рамках его первых двух “Критик”). [...]

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Megjegyzés az asszerció illokúciós aktusának elemzéséhez

Author(s): Alpár Gergely P. / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2018

The basis of this article is the Searleian analysis of the illocutionary act of assertion. I try to sketch an alternative interpretation of the illocutionary act of assertion based on the arguments brought forward by John R. Searle, Paul Grice, Rom Harré, Robert Brandom. This possible interpretation might help us raise some questions about the Searleian interpretation.

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