Przeżycie etyczne w badaniach Edyty Stein

Author(s): Piotr Janik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The expression “moral experience”, along with the concomitant notion of experience itself, seems to have been understood in divergent ways. Taking as a background three views currently operative in our culture — emotivism, the ethics of duty, and the notion of an ethics “beyond good and evil” — a conception of ethical experience will be presented based on the findings of Edith S as elaborated in her work Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities.

Praca jako droga rozwoju i odpowiedzialności w autobiografii Alice von Hildebrand

Author(s): Paweł Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2015

Głównym tematem autobiografii Alice von Hildebrand zatytułowanej A Happy Failure jest jej praca w charakterze akademickiego nauczyciela filozofii. W artykule zostanie poddana analizie droga jej rozwoju zawodowego w kontekście instytucjonalnym oraz jej rozumienie własnej odpowiedzialności wobec studentów. Drugim wątkiem tej niezwykłej biografii, ściśle splecionym z pierwszym, jest jej rozwój filozoficzny pod wpływem relacji z Dietrichem von Hildebrandem, jej nauczycielem, a później mężem, współpraca z nim w dziedzinie twórczości filozoficznej oraz poczucie odpowiedzialności za przekaz jego dziedzictwa. W tekście autobiografii jako kategoria podstawowa w pracy nauczyciela, warunkująca jego rozwój i będąca przedmiotem jego odpowiedzialności, jawi się kategoria prawdy. The main theme of Alice von Hildebrand's autobiography entitled A Happy Failure is her work as a university teacher of philosophy. Her career path in the institutional context, and her own understanding of her responsibility towards the students will be analyzed in the article. The second thread of this extraordinary biography, interwoven with the first, is the author's philosophical development under the influence of Dietrich von Hildebrand, first her teacher, and later her husband, creative philosophical collaboration with him, and a sense of responsibility for the transmission of his legacy. The category of truth emerges from the text as the key category in the work of a teacher, a condition for their development and the matter of their responsibility.

Moderne Humanitas

Author(s): Rudolf Hagelstange / Language(s): German Issue: 038/1951

There has been a world which raised man on the shield as he went "forward". There has been a mo-vement called humanism. Certainly there have also been periods which characterized a tolerably gene-ral humanity - for the personal always did and will exist. But no one will be in doubt about the fact that this shield, upon which man was once elevated, has long since been reduced, and that he must, more or less, merely to shield the inhuman from the view of the fellow-world. The fact that one considers it advisable to be inhuman, but at the same time to appear humane, speaks for the decaying respect which one is still paying to the wishes and needs of our contemporaries, but nevertheless for the ret-reat on which man is situated. In this country (Germany) , where people like to sacrifice prudence to a heroic slogan, humanity was considered at this time an insipid hokum. As in other regions as well „humanity“, smilar to „frreedom“ has just the reputation of a bourgeois pre-judice.

Ameliorarea umană și natura umană: două principii etice incompatibile?

Author(s): Ioan Biriș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2022

Transhumanism/posthumanism represents a fear for the future of humanity, but also a conceptual challenge. The present study attempts to show in what consists this challenge through the concepts of human enhancement and human nature. Our hypothesis is that of conceptualization from two perspectives: nominalist and realist perspectives.

Fundamente filosofice ale consimțământului informat

Author(s): Antonio Sandu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2022

Ethical deliberation has been an important component of human culture since the dawn of political and legal thought. Ethical theories analyze the moral acceptability of human actions from the perspective of a set of principles that, in turn, are derived from the process of implementing, in social practice, some human values considered fundamental at the level of a given society or culture. Ethical theories, similarly to scientific theories, shape the reality in which we live, and although they do not constitute the real world, but only a perspective on it, they allow us to understand and react to facts that occur in the real world. The article analyses, from the perspective of the philosophy of law, the concept of informed consent and its philosophical foundation originating in respect for the autonomy of the person. A series of perspectives on autonomy are presented, including the rational one, the relational one, the utilitarian one, and the expressive one, following the way in which they generated the concept of autonomy in bioethics.

Ethical Subjectivism: A Lost Cause

Author(s): Carlo Alvaro / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Individual relativism, also known as ethical subjectivism, is an attractive theory about morality. It argues that morality is a matter relative to the individual in a way akin to personal taste. For example, subjectivists regard the ethical judgment ‘Stealing is wrong’ as comparable with the judgment of taste ‘I dislike Brussels sprouts’. Yet, subjectivism is not nihilism. While nihilism denies the existence of moral value, duties, principles and truths, subjectivism claims that they exist, but they are subjective like taste. In this paper, I argue that ethical subjectivism ought to be rejected as it is an incoherent, undefendable, and a pernicious position.

Közösségi döntések és közösségi identitás. Egy fenomenológiai megközelítés kísérlete Husserl, Heidegger, Ricoeur és Tengelyi nyomán

Author(s): Bence Péter Marosán / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 12/2023

In the present study, I would like to analyse four different views on collective identity and decision-making from a phenomenological perspective: the conception of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Paul Ricoeur, and László Tengelyi. I would like to show that we can already find an account of narrative identity in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl, according to whom “the ego constitutes itself so to speak in the unity of a story” (Cartesian Meditations, §37). But in Husserl’s opinion, the ego also constitutes itself necessarily as an intersubjective being – and in the end, Husserl attributes a narrative identity to whole communities also. We can find a more specific idea of collective identity and decision-making in the philosophy of Heidegger, who attaches fundamental importance to moods in this regard, and to collective moods in particular. But the first phenomenological author, who analysed the problem of collective identity and decision-making in a really detailed manner, embedded into the historical, cultural, and practical context, was Paul Ricoeur. Lastly, I try to demonstrate that László Tengelyi, and his concept of “destinal (or fateful) events” (Schicksalsereignisse, sorsesemény) made a substantial contribution to the theory of narrative identity, even at the collective level. In my opinion, all these philosophical treatments of collective identity and decision-making could be fruitfully used in contemporary positive scientific research on the topic.

ЕТИКА НАУЧНИКА И ПРОФЕСОРА ПРЕДРАГА ПИПЕРА

Author(s): Mitra M. Reljić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The paper discusses the ethical principles of Professor Predrag Piper expressed in his memoir books, scientific books, articles and interviews. The meaning of human life presented in Predrag Piper’s work, at the center of which is the idea of virtue, is here considered through the prism of Aristotle’s practical philosophy, on the one hand, and from the aspect of his deeply-rooted Orthodox Christian view of the world, on the other. By striving for truth, goodness and beauty, by his perseverance, selflessness, demands on himself and others, by creating mutual respect and trust, and by many other qualities of a scholar and pedagogue based on the highest standards of research and enlightenment that were evident in his work with students and associates, Professor Predrag Piper confirmed the inseparability of his own thoughts and deeds.

How to use Ethics. Review of Applied Ethics. An Introduction, by Robin Attfield

Author(s): Andrzej Waleszczyński / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Moralność zwierząt – wokółDzikiej sprawiedliwości Marca Bekoff a i Jessiki Pierce. Analizy wstępne

Author(s): PRZEMYSŁAW STRZYŻYŃSKI / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2023

The article analyzes the concept of morality proposed by Bekoff and Pierce in the context of animal morality in the book Wild Justice. Differences are shown in comparison to the understanding of morality in the human context. On this basis, it is suggested to use the name (proto)morality for animal behavior similar to the moral behavior of humans. Part of the article analyzes the concept of empathy used in the context of animals. The article also argues to use the third type of moral status of moral (proto)subjectivity.

Prudent Reflective Equilibrium

Author(s): Denis Coitinho Silveira / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The main aim of this paper is to propose the inclusion of the expertise of a prudent agent within the procedure of reflective equilibrium by adding a disposition for identifying reasonable beliefs. This can be seen as the starting point of the method, and would safeguard against the criticism of conservatism and subjectivism. In order to do this, I will begin by analyzing the core characteristics of the method and its main weaknesses. I will then investigate the characteristics of prudence as a disposition for identifying an adequate means for achieving a good end. With this in mind, I will apply prudence to the procedure which is carried out by an agent who deliberates well and can identify reasonable moral beliefs. These beliefs must be justified according to their consistency with ethical principles and with the factual beliefs of relevant scientific theories. Finally, I will argue that this deliberative process is consistent with ethical pluralism and democracy, and can be interpreted as a kind of moral knowledge.

An Application of the Corporate Virtue Scale to Assess Managers’ Perceptions of Ethical Behaviour in Public Organizations and Service Provision

Author(s): Emmanuel Selemani Shindika,Priviledge Cheteni / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

A strong ethical culture is the key to any organization’s long-term success. The purpose of this research was to investigate the link between an organization’s ethical culture and its effect on workers’ well-being, as well as to test the construct validity of the Corporate Virtue Scale (CEV). In South Africa’s Buffalo Municipality, 277 managers from different government agencies made up the sample. The eight-factor CEV scale was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis. Employees’ stress and emotional exhaustion were linked to their views on the prevalence of an ethical culture in public agencies. The results of this study show that an organization’s ethical culture significantly affects its employees’ quality of life on the job. The CEV scale was found to have construct validity, proving its reliability and validity in practice. The government is urged to prioritize the streamlining of regulations and processes that foster an ethical culture in public institutions.

Ethical Considerations in Research about Organizations: Compendium of Strategies

Author(s): Sue L. T. McGregor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper concerns ethical considerations when conducting research about the policies, procedures, practices, and culture of organizations and institutions rather than research with the humans owning, operating, employed at, volunteering for, benefiting from, or impacted by the organization. Ethical conventions for research with humans are well developed but less so for research about organizations. A pressing concern in the nascent literature is weighing protecting the public interest versus the organization’s interests when sensitive, controversial, or damning information about the latter emerges from the research. Given the absence of formally codified procedural ethics, organizational researchers are encouraged to constantly reexamine, debate, and address related ethical concerns. In that spirit, an inaugural compendium of ethical concerns and recommended strategies gleaned from the literature reviewed is shared, and a discussion of omissions from said literature is tendered to scaffold future conversations around this ethical aspect of organizational research.

Detection of Conspiracy Narratives Using the Information Marker Method. A Study in the Methodology and Philosophy of Information

Author(s): Mariusz Szynkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The article will present the main assumptions of the information marker method, which can be used for recognizing the characteristics of conspiracy theories conveyed in the content of informational messages – texts, statements, recordings, etc. The proposed method draws on the conspiracy thinking model CONSPIR (Lewandowsky & Cook 2020) and has a practical component. However, the technique presented in the paper constitutes a modification and addition to the original proposal. First, it deals with a problem frame that is different from that of CONSPIR, since it is applied to formulated information messages. Hence the marker method is not an instrument for analyzing cognitive attitudes or patterns of conspiracy thinking. Secondly, the proposed tool is profiled in terms of content focused on scientific issues (mainly pertaining to the natural and applied sciences). Third, given the characteristics and structure of the communication under consideration, I replace the widely used term “conspiracy theory” with the more universal concept of “conspiracy narrative,” which seems to reflect more adequately the specific features of such information messages. Fourth, given the more specific purpose of the marker method compared to that of the CONSPIR model, I will try (where possible) to refrain from citing specific examples of conspiracy narratives, referring to singular events and personal examples. Consequently, to use a phrase widely used in methodology, the presented technique can be applied to all cases of a given type.

The Role of Personal Values in Forming the AI Ethics of Prospective Accountants

Author(s): Lyna Latifah,Rediana SETIYANI,Sandy Arief,Nurdian Susilowati / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This study aims to discuss how to form AI (Artificial Intelligence) ethical behavior with insight into the personal and organizational values of prospective accountants. This was a quantitative survey method. The sampling technique with a saturated sample was used as the research sample. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was conducted on 421 data points using WarpPLS software. The study results show that organizational and personal values significantly positively affect the intention of prospective accountant students to engage in AI ethics. Organizational values have a positive effect on the personal values of prospective accounting students. Intentions had a significant effect on AI ethics. Personal values did not play a role in mediating the impact of organizational values on intentions toward AI ethics. Intention succeeds in mediating the influence of personal values on the intention to engage in AI ethics among prospective accountant students. The findings referred to are very applicable to be implemented in different cultural settings due to the personal and organizational values tend to be implemented in general situation and condition. The findings provide universal outlook that values within organizations have an essential role in enhancing future accountants to be ethical in respect to AI.

The Ethical Significance of the Consequences of Our Actions: Contemporary Theory of Action, Aquinas, and the Utilitarian Point of View

Author(s): Stefan Hofmann / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Human actions have consequences for others and for oneself. The consequences may be positive. They may, however, also be devastating. This is why it is important for the moral evaluation of actions to take their consequences into account. The ethical significance of the consequences may depend on many aspects: From the point of view of action theory, ethicists may distinguish different kinds of consequences, like intended/unintended or foreseen/unforeseen consequences. From the point of view of normative ethics, scholars give different ethical weight to the consequences. This paper tries to combine insights from both disciplines: In section 1, I present a view of the consequences which draws heavily on contemporary theory of action. In section 2, I compare the normative accounts of three exemplary moral philosophers: the act utilitarian theory of John J. C. Smart, the rule utilitarian account of Richard Brandt, and the scholastic approach of Thomas Aquinas. I argue that we should give different moral weight to different kinds of consequences. It is shown that when it comes to complex actions, Aquinas’ account is more sophisticated and has more intuitive support than its utilitarian rivals.

Becoming you while being me: exploring the limits of Christian love and identity

Author(s): Iain Matthew / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Does love - can love - transform one person into the other without loss of personal identity? Taking a cue from a phrase in Aquinas’s Commentary on the Sentences, we seek in the writings of St John of the Cross an understanding of how love works in relation to the identity of lover and beloved. The article considers a specific verse in his Noche poem, and four texts from the commentary on the Spiritual Canticle. The Carmelite poet’s intution about love’s efficacy then finds confirmation in texts from Ratzinger / Benedict XVI, with his hallmark attention to personal relationship.

Munka nélküliség. Elképzelhető-e a munka nélküli társadalom, vagy legalább joggal utáljuk-e, hogy dolgozni kell?

Author(s): Juli Károlyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2023

George M. Alliger: Anti-Work: Psychological Inverstigations into Its Truths, Problems and Solutions. New York (NY), 2022. Routledge. 324 pp. ISBN: 9781003164319

Zvolit si Evropu: Konstantin Sigov a lidská důstojnost

Author(s): Marguerite Léna / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

Czech translation of Marguerite Léna’s Choisir l’ Europe: ConstantinSigov et la dignité humaine. The article discusses Konstantin Sigov's perspective on Europe and human dignity, reflecting on Ukraine's role in shaping a new Europe. It highlights the importance of national identity, cultural diversity, and the defense of human dignity amidst the challenges posed by war and historical conflicts. The text delves into the philosophical and cultural influences that have shaped Sigov's views, emphasizing the significance of dialogue, memory exchange, and the pursuit of truth in fostering a united yet diverse Europe. It also underscores the role of universities and legal institutions in upholding universal values and the need for Europe to reflect on its ethos in the face of current crises.

Teorie a praxe. O možnosti klasického určení jejich vztahu

Author(s): Günter Figal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 65/2023

Czech translation of Günter Figal’s lecture Theorie und Praxis: Über die Möglichkeit ihrer klassischen Verhältnisbestimmung. The abstract from the opened PDF file is as follows: The article discusses the relationship between philosophy and science, particularly in the context of classical determinations. It explores the shift from philosophy as a theory to philosophy as science, highlighting the challenges this poses for defining philosophy itself. The text delves into the ambivalent relationship between everyday life and philosophical theory, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a distance from daily life to engage in theoretical philosophy. It also examines the historical and linguistic limitations of philosophical interpretations, suggesting that philosophy must remain an interpretative act that transcends everyday life to remain relevant. The article concludes by considering the role of philosophy in articulating a comprehensive understanding of the world, while acknowledging its inherent limitations and the need for a new orientation.