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Razvoj političke znanosti i demokratska tranzicija u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Ivan Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Hrvatski politolozi rado ponavljaju kako je Fakultet političkih znanosti u Zagrebu osnovan kao prva akademska institucija za političku znanost u državama koje danas označavamo kao postkomunističke ili nove demokracije. 1 Njegov nastanak nije posljedica transformacije tečajeva komunističkih partija u sveučilišnu instituciju, što je bio čest slučaj, već od samog osnivanja Fakultet djeluje kao sastavni dio Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Osnovan 1962. godine, Fakultet je glavno institucijsko mjesto razvoja političke znanosti u Hrvatskoj, kako u vrijeme SFR Jugoslavije tako i u suverenoj Republici Hrvatskoj. U ovom radu riječ je o glavnim osobinama razvoja političke znanosti u samostalnu disciplinu društvenih znanosti u Hrvatskoj i institucijskom razvoju u uvjetima socijalističkog poretka, državnog osamostaljenja i demokratske tranzicije u Hrvatskoj. Kao što pokazuju i drugi radovi u ovoj knjizi, razvoj, kvaliteta i sudbina same discipline usko je povezana s razvojem institucije, Fakulteta političkih znanosti u Zagrebu, njegovim nastavnim i znanstvenim ograničenjima i potencijalima. Prvih 28 godina formalnog postojanja političke znanosti bilo je vezano za socijalistički poredak bivše jugoslavenske federacije, a 15 posljednjih godina za samostalnu hrvatsku državu. U ovom tekstu nastojat ću ukazati na izazove i mogućnosti što su ih otvorili proces državnog osamostaljenja Hrvatske, demokratski razvoj i tranzicija općenito razvoju političke znanosti.

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Javne politike: razvoj discipline u Hrvatskoj i svijetu

Author(s): Zdravko Petak / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Pisanje priloga o razvoju javnih politika kao grane političke znanosti u Hrvatskoj razmjerno je komplicirana zadaća već zbog terminoloških razloga. Naime, u hrvatskome, jednako kao i u većini drugih jezika (Heidenheimer, 1986), ne postoje zasebne riječi za engleske izraze policy i politics nego obje riječi pokriva izraz politika. Do razlikovanja dolazi tek kad se politikama da specifičan sadržaj, poput socijalne, obrazovne, porezne ili kulturne politike, odnosno nakon što se s općenite razine rasprave o policyju prijeđe na razinu pridjevnih politika (Colebatch, 2004a, 80). No izraz policy postaje problematičan za prevođenje nakon što ostane sam, izvan specifičnoga sektorskog konteksta. Drugim riječima, izraz postaje problematičan nakon što se napusti sadržajni djelokrug politike i uđe u sferu u kojoj političke institucije – neovisno o tome je li riječ o vladi, političkim stranakama ili nekoj drugoj instituciji – nastoje formulirati svoje prioritete u pojedinim politikama. U tom slučaju nije riječ o sadržajnom aspektu neke politike, vidljivom već iz pridjeva koji je opisuje, nego o isprepletenosti različitih politika i njihovim posljedicama na građane. Riječ je, dakle, o tipu političkog djelovanja koji u stručnoj literaturi označavamo koordinacijom politika, a samo se u engleskom jeziku općenito može označiti jednom riječju kao policy.

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Europski studiji i politička znanost u Hrvatskoj: stanje discipline

Author(s): Damir Grubiša / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Iza naziva “Europski studiji” kriju se različiti sadržaji: pojam europskih studija ponajprije obuhvaća područje studiranja koje nude brojni koledži i sveučilišta u svijetu, a kojemu su predmet studija različiti aspekti europske integracije. To znači da su oni kombinacija raznih nastavnih predmeta odnosno kolegija, kojima su u žarištu razni aspekti ili procesi europske integracije. Ta kombinacija nastavnih predmeta varirala je od vremena do vremena: danas možemo općenito reći da ona obuhvaća, u užem smislu, tri skupine predmeta različitih provenijencija, različite matične pripadnosti u univerzumu društvenih znanosti.

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Пандемия, модернизация и популизъм

Author(s): Nikolay Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on populisms – both ruling and in opposition - and thus its impact on the stability of liberal democracy. Against the backdrop of the various policies implemented by different populist regimes and the different reactions of the opposition, we conclude that the pandemic, despite its negative impact on democracy in general, has some positive consequences in destabilizing populism, and that it is not going to bring about the mass emergence of populist democracies.

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Избори в условията на пандемията от COVID-19

Author(s): Daniela Pastarmadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Covid-19 pandemic posed many challenges to the functioning of societies in general and to the socio-political process in particular. States are taking various measures to limit the spread of Covid-19, with some choosing restrictive approaches. The latter are mostly related to restricting the free movement of citizens and mass events. In this sense, the organization of national and/or local elections in some countries is becoming a challenge. Contemporary representative democracies are based on the ability of citizens to form governing bodies through voting, with the relevant bodies having a limited mandate. The inability to hold elections in some countries raises important issues related to the extension of the mandate of the elected body, as well as the introduction of new election practices. Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, a number of reports by reputable organizations have been published, focusing on the study of elections and the electoral process. These studies also consider the possibility of remote voting.

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Регионални геополитически рискове: три сюжета

Author(s): Ivaylo Hristov Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

After the so-called gentle revolutions in former socialist countries creates the deceptive impression that most of the risks to world and in particular to Bulgarian socio-economic development no longer exist. For example, the economic prospects for economic decline will no longer exist, as the transition from a planned to a market economy takes place. There will be no political risks, as the winner of the Cold War is considered a democratic world. Accordingly, democracy will guarantee harmonious political relations within the country, and NATO and the United States will ensure the security of our country, the wound of the “Renaissance process” will be eliminated, ext. All this collapsed and the three topics discussed in the report show it clearly.

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Търговският спор САЩ-Китай: повече политика, отколкото икономика

Author(s): Vasil Gechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The trade dispute between the United States and China began on 6th July 2018, when higher tariff rates for imports of high-tech products from China came into force. The official reason for the new US customs policy is the deficit with China in trade in goods – which for the period 2001 – 2017 increased from $83.1 billion to $375.2 billion. Indeed, a deficit of this magnitude is a serious economic issue. Still, the circumstances determining China’s growing influence in world politics suggest a leading role in the political motives for starting the dispute. If China had a predominantly regional weight in the 80’s and 90’s of the twentieth century, today, the country is the main political and economic competitor of the United States worldwide. In this regard, US action appears to be an element of China’s containment policy rather than a desire to restore trade balance.

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Свързаното управление – българският опит в европейска перспектива

Author(s): Kalin Boyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report is based on the concept of connected governance, which aims to improve cooperation between public services, deepen consultation and citizen participation in this process. This idea transforms the understanding of the relationship between government, business and citizens. All this is related to the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of public administration and policy. for feedback. The concept became apparent to post–communist countries during the economic crisis. Recent trends in administrative reform in Bulgaria and the development of e–government provide evidence of the use of related government mechanisms. They focus on the ideas of the rule of law and rational bureaucracy, the economic approach to property management and the principle of evaluating administrative results, as well as the importance of the quality and efficiency of public services.

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Връзка между преки чужденстранни инвестиции и основен лихвен процент в контекст на демократизацията: на примера на Западните Балкани

Author(s): Galya Mancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present study aims at tracing the correlation between the foreign direct investments (FDI) and the key interest rates (KIR) in the context of the democratization process in the Western Balkans. Bivariate Pearson correlation was used to track whether: (1) there is a statistically significant linear relationship between three continuous random variables – foreign direct investment, key interest rate and democratic rating; (2) the strength of the linear relationship between these variables; and (3) the direction of this relationship. The study included the countries of the Republic of Albania, the Re public of Serbia, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, the Republic of Montenegro and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A 10–year period is covered, namely between 2010 and 2019. After the analysis, it was found that the democratization processes in the countries included in the study do not affect their economic growth.

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Познавателни проблематизации при институционалната сегментация (по концептуалното схващане на Питър Бъргър и Томас Лукман)

Author(s): Yordan Stoyanov Doykov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article discusses some theoretical positions on the scope, nature and procedure of institutionalization. They address the issue of the symbolic interaction of the various institutes. From such starting points, Berger and Luckmann deduce the understanding that the integrativeness of meanings is implemented emphatically subjectively. The problematization of the process is sought in the mechanism of internalization of socially accepted meanings by the individual. The objective meaning of the institutional order is given, well–known and understandable to the individual. The existence of unity between institutional actions and meanings within each individual biography is assumed and the entire available stock of knowledge is updated. The dependence institutional model – institutional meanings is validated. The authors fix the cognitive problematizations in the process of institutional segmentation in the provision of integrative meanings and in the legitimacy of the institutional activity and in the presence of isolated semantic subverses in the society. The emphasis is on the legitimizing affirmation of the semantic universes.

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Просещите принцове на Макиавели

Author(s): Rada Kodzhabasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current work is dedicated to the topic: „(i)legitimacy of representative democracy – the dissatisfied majorities“. It aims to discover that the representation (the political power) is not representative enough, but reasoning efficiency, it minimizes the value system of the society to acceptable symbol models. This process, connected to requirement for loyalty from the society, is facilitated by generalization of values and control system’s enforcement. Last two lead to social tensions. The theoretical frame encompasses the general systems and political risk theories. Based on that, conclusions are presented in two ways: comparative table „values – symbols“ and formula of social tensions, used further as an evidence for the above hypothesis. Milestone of the writing is the statement that the political risk, produced by political decisions, affects not only the business and its investments and projects, but also and mainly the social tensions.

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Начален етап на политизирането на женско дружество „Елховка“ след Деветосептемврийския преврат

Author(s): Stanislav Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the report we are going to present the activities of the „Elhovka“ Women’s Society – Elhovo, based on some documents of f. 66 K, preserved in the State Archives – Yambol. Our aim is to examine the organizational life and the charitable work of the charity society after 9th September 1944, when the society turned into a state organization serving the new government’s interests. The actuality of the article is determined by the lack of any extensive research on the deeds of the „Elhovka“ Women’s Society in this period.

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Оспорване на изборния резултат в новата политическа реалност

Author(s): Plamen Parushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report is a retrospective of the local elections for municipal councilors held in Balchik in 2015 and 2016. Why in 2016 are new elections repeated or held and what are they essentially, regardless of the purpose and specific results? The answer is not according to the personal preferences of the author, but according to the documented or archived facts.

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Дигиталните технологии като арена на демократизация и активизиране на гражданското общество

Author(s): Hristiyana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The content of the report is structured as follows: introduction – the crisis of representative democracy and activation of civil society in conditions of digitalization of technologies; exhibition divided into 3 parts – (1) civil society and digital civil society; (2) online mobilization and forms of protest; and (3) optimistic and pessimistic views on the impact of the Internet on the expression of civil positions and conclusion.

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Дигиталните разкази в новата политическа реалност

Author(s): Maryana Zlatanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The object of the present report is the digital storytelling in the new political situation. A media monitoring of the new political situation has been done. The representation of the political and pandemic crisis in media environment has been analyzed, as well as problems influencing the socio-political reality through the instruments of the internet environment, i.e. through the digital storytelling. The objective of the study is to outline the stories, told in the internet environment in the reality of political crisis, and to trace down the methods of their formation, as well as to do theoretical analysis and suggest a work definition of the „digital storytelling“ concept, to identify the media plat forms, mostly on the Internet where the digital storytelling takes place, to do a content analysis. The methods applied are: media monitoring, case analysis and secondary data analysis. A method of content analysis of media publications has been also applied. The research hypothesis is that the performance of communicational activities for the upcoming needs of political and communicational campaigns is possible in digital environment. In macro plan – based on the general process of decay of social structures, the hypothesis states that there is a decay of the forms of digital storytelling; in mesoplan – on the basis of the development of technologies and so called Fourth Industrial Revolution a hypothesis is possible for the formation of a digital storytelling with immense diversity of technological instruments in planning communicational campaigns; in micro plan – on the basis of digital disunion, a hypothesis is possible for a low level of digital literacy which is not enough for the formation of a digital storytelling in Internet environment.

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Основни институции за формиране на обществено мнение

Author(s): Bozhidar Dzhidzhev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper is structured as follows: a) the nature of public opinion as a political-psychological phenomenon; b) main institutions for public opinion forming; c) focusing on three institutions: family, education system (school) and the media. I mainly refer to Valdimer Orlando Key Jr. (V. O. Key Jr.) and his book „Public Opinion and American Democracy“ (1961). In conclusion, I draw generalizing conclusions about the role of the three examined institutions for the formation of public opinion in the conditions of democracy/post–democracy.

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Приносът на жените в политиката в началото на XXI век

Author(s): Evelin Popadiina / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report aims to show women have contributed to politics in the early 21st century. The rights of women in the ancient classical and medieval world are examined in the first place in order to make a comparison with those at the beginning of the new millennium. It continues to fight for women’s right – the goal is to find out how many women have fought for change and how long it has taken them. Numerous conventions on women’s rights were drafted and the so–called feminism. In the last part, we present some of the women who have made significant contributions to politics at the beginning of the new millennium. We come to the conclusion that women also “understand” politics.

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Основни ценности на консервативната политическа философия: опит за съвременна интерпретация

Author(s): Hristina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

What are the values for preserving the political philosophy from the application to the present day. We will point out the main facts to understand are really the conservative governments of Russia and Hungary. What are the indicators of whether a society is conservative or not. Is there conservation in the 21st century and what are the values that have been preserved.

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Новите реалности и политическата наука (неолиберализмът и неговите неудобства)

Author(s): Martin Srakmajiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The term “epoch–making crisis” is a successful expression of a theoretical demonstration of the similarity between today’s economic and environmental contradictions of the capitalist economy. The crisis of neoliberalism can be distinguished from other ordinary economic crises or developmental crises that accompany the history of capitalism. Such an epoch-making crisis in a historical context arose on the border between the late Middle Ages and the 16th century. This is the end of an entire historical epoch in which the economic, ecological and social find their new manifestations. Black deaths or plague epidemics, land depletion and mass famine, peasant uprisings and escalating wars are the typical consequences of changing eras. The new capitalist economy is extraterritorial and expands on the territory of the newly discovered continents. In this report, I will defend the thesis that the global epoch -making crisis is much more dangerous and unproductive than the one that led to the crisis of feudalism and its replacement by capitalism.

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Социалната политика в контекста на кандидат-президентската реторика

Author(s): Mariyana Kuzmanska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main purpose of this report is to analyze the role of the social policy as a factor in the candidates for president’s rhetoric. This paper addresses the sectors: demographic situation, ethnicity, health and unemployment, taking into account their influence in the context of presidential–candidates rhetoric on the voters. The report aims to determine the importance of the social policy sectors and the degree of dependence between them and the election of the Bulgarian president. This paper aims to take under consideration the approval or disapproval of the voters about the sectors of the social policy as a method of persuasion in the presidential–candidate rhetoric.

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