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FAILED STATES – CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY – GENERATING ACTORS IN THE REGIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Marius Vasile MANGA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The role of states in shaping the security environment, regional or global, is essential and defining. Wherever fragile societies, ethnic and religious rifts or an eroded sovereignty concept occur, conflict-generating processes affect the whole region.States with such problems often follow an easy-to-understand path: they are becoming weaker, fail to operate at optimal institutional parameters, and then collapse.In these cases, the role of the international community through international organizations is crucial. They need to find short-term solutions towards the rapid humanitarian recovery, but also to identify those mechanisms that erode the state at the institutional level in order to be able to correct them.

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL JOB ANALYSIS IN THE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Author(s): Corneliu Axente,Costache Rusu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The officers’ advancement in the military career is represented by the translation from execution posts to command posts. Commitment to a command post involves an exponential increase of the task diversity and analyses information flow. Also there’s a need for continuous skills development in leadership and resource managing. Under these circumstances, the occupied command post involves a mix of various challenges in managing simultaneously and synchronously human, material, and time resources available within the organization.This paper proposes a classification used for analyzing the management positions within the military organizations, thus obtaining a way of expressing their complexity and their value, as well as identifying the coordinates needed to be achieved by the military organizations managers from the point of view of different skills or managerial types imposed by the specifics of the occupied post.

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TRAINING, FROM NATIONAL TO ALLIANCE REQUIREMENTS

Author(s): Nicu Chirea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays training is running standardized, following very clear rules,norms and principles established at national and allied levels. Given that the environment weare experiencing is changing very rapidly, anticipation and planning over longer horizonsbecomes very difficult, perhaps even impossible. I think there is a need for a new type oftraining to generate perfectly adaptable soldiers, capable of making quick decisions underuncertainty, as in the period ahead, those who will invest in quality training will be far aheadof others.

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CIVIL AND MILITARY COOPERATION –A STAKEHOLDER AMONG WORLD PEACE ACTORS

Author(s): Ciprian Popescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Civilian-military cooperation is and will remain a reference instrument of building world’s peace. Cooperation with civilians represents a challenge for all military personnel, both due to the differences in organizational culture of them, the more active military involvement in humanitarian projects and processes in support of the local population, and the political problems in working with government officials.In order to involve various entities in such cooperation, it is imperative to be proceeded personnel’ training programs conducted both before and after the actions in theatres of operation. Knowing these aspects mentioned above, cooperation between military and civilians could lead to increased confidence, as well as the safety of local population and military force involved. Therefore, CIMIC specialized mission is to continuously grow as much as the number of those who understand that the multinational troops, in general, and Romanian troops, in particular, are there in their country (Iraq, Afghanistan, Kosovo) to bring peace and stability and to help in keeping the host population hope for a better future.Therefore, the paper will present some elements supporting the main assumption,namely, CIMIC structures and personnel promoting peace and stability in the areas of operations.

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PERSPECTIVES ON THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC INFORMATION

Author(s): Lavinia Nicoleta Ghisa,Teodor Frunzeti / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The digital society has experienced exponential growth over the last decade and new communication technologies have enlarged the access of social entities to various types of information. These pieces of information have become an essential resource to which civil society members relate in different ways, within the same legislative framework.However, the perceptions of their value and utility are most diverse and often related to the interests of each individual or organization in a highly competitive social environment. In this context, activities aimed at obtaining information, regardless of the accessibility level, have become increasingly prominent.

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NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AS A CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Author(s): Ovidiu Georgescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The security environment, in its search for raising the degree of security and to attain and maintain the prosperity of its citizens, has tried to establish standards at the level of existing infrastructure through the concept of critical infrastructures. Current critical infrastructure concepts however, seem to have overlooked one infrastructure essential to human development and currently one of the most important resource for value creation:knowledge. Knowledge was an engine of development for human civilization since ancient times and I believe it is essential for any state that wants a high degree of security and prosperity.The concept of national intellectual capital is an important tool in value creation for a state and under specific conditions can be considered a critical infrastructure for the state. It is important to give consideration to the idea of a critical national intellectual capital infrastructure not only to protect a state’s assets but also for value creation and attaining that which I and many others consider to be the most important goal of any modern state:attaining and maintaining prosperity.

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THE CONTRIBUTION OF GEOPOLITICIANS WITH GEOGRAPHIC ROOTS TO THE DELINEATION AND DEFINITION OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL STATE

Author(s): Silviu Neguţ,Marius-Cristian Neacşu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Romanian unitary national state, Great Romania, a much longer and complex process than it seems at first glance. Along with historical events, the geographic space and the population have played an essential role in the coagulation process of the Romanian national state. The merit of seizing and explaining these assets lies with great geopolitical-geographers such as Simion Mehedinți, Ion Conea (both were teachers at the Upper School of War, the ”Carol I” NDU precursor), Nicolae Al. Rădulescu, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Victor Tufescu and so on. These alone or in collaboration with specialists in fields such as history (Nicolae Iorga, Gheorghe Brătianu, Constantin Daicoviciu), demography and statistics (Anton Golopenția, Sabin Mănuilă), sociology (Dimitrie Gusti, Mircea Vulcănescu – the latter being also aphilosopher) have demonstrated the perfect logic of the constitution of the Romanian unitary national state. They also leaned on the essential natural components of the Romanian state,the well-known trio Carpathians - the Danube - the Black Sea, resuming the significant elements without which it would have been impossible to achieve the Great Romania.

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FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY

Author(s): Florin Cotet / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Currently, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) fire support community faces some fire control challenges and digital interoperability among most members of the alliance. During last years, few nominated NATO Force Structures, were supporting alliance’ efforts to provide digital Fires interoperability and enhancing its own Fires warfighting capabilities to meet its military objectives. To accomplish these tasks, yearly Fire Support Exercises, known as “Dynamic Front” series, were planned, prepared and conducted to demonstrate long-range, digital, multinational interoperability between fire support systems, with a future goal to include joint Fires interoperability.

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ISSUES REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZATION, AND FUNCTIONING OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY SANITARY SERVICE DURING THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

Author(s): Ionuț Rădulescu,Mircea Udrescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In general, the sanitary state of the Romanian army was marked by strongly adverse elements such as important physical efforts made by the soldiers, difficulties on the troops’ supply lines, housing, equipment, transport and providing a minimum of hygienic conditions. At the same time, the heroism, dedication and selfsacrifice of the army’s sanitary service prevailed. The cold and rainy autumn of 1877, followed by a harsh winter, with heavy snowfall, made the situation significantly harsher especially at the siege of Plevna and in the battles around Vidin.

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KEY ELEMENTS REGARDING MILITARY MEDICAL PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION

Author(s): Ionuț Rădulescu,Mircea Udrescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We consider that the Air Force’s best option to attract and retain flight medical personnel is by cultivating a reputation of excellence in all medical and medical related activities, aspect that should imply superior opportunities for professional instruction and development. This involves competitive pay and real opportunities for promotions, but also includes the provision of a rich and diverse clinical environment, meeting standards set by social-professional specific organizations, and establishing new higher standards derived from evidence based research. Because it requires a lot of competence and expertise, things that comes from experience and it is a valued Air Force asset, flight medical personnel is considered to be an elite army specialty.

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Gender Equality and Global Economic Governance

Author(s): Gheorghe H. Popescu,Elvira Nica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Considerable research attention has focused on the relationship between globalization and gender equality, gender differences in labor supply and demand, the social relations of gender, the opportunities for gender-class equality, and the structuring of gender-class differences in paid and unpaid work. Applying new conceptual and methodological approaches, this study advances to the next level research on the new and emerging gender-based developments in Chinese law, the impact of the one-child policy on gender equality in education, the relationship between gender and space, and the translation of women’s human rights rhetoric into concrete action. The main objective of this paper is to explore and describe the pervasiveness of gender-based violence, the underlying reasons for gender differences in cognition in the Chinese context, and the narrowing of the gender gap in educational attainment.

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“Amazing Thailand” – Its Contribution to Growing the Country’s Competitiveness

Author(s): Ruxandra-Irina Popescu,Răzvan-Andrei Corboş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper describes and analyses the branding campaigns of Thailand from 1998 to 2011, shows how the brand has evolved, explains the best practices applied by the Thai authorities in this field and assesses the effects of the branding strategy from the perspective of the increasing number of tourists, revenues from tourism and the country’s international prestige.

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Türkiye’de Kadınların Siyasal Katılımı: Küresel Toplumsal Cinsiyet Uçurum Raporu Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Hazal Ilgın Bahçeci Başarmak,İrem Ece Akpınar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In the current debates on democracy, the issue of gender is getting more and more space every day. This framework that expands on the need for more participation of women in political decision-making processes in order to establish more inclusive and therefore more democratic structures, is politicized on the axis of debate over women's gender roles and causes the feminist movement to play a big role in these debates.In this study, we will examine the progress of the feminist movement and movement in terms of contributing to their achievement of the right to political representation. Gender equality is defined as having equal participation opportunities for women and men in all areas of social life. One of the main objectives of the states that have adopted the social welfare state understanding is to achieve this equality. In this context, the aim of the study is to establish the situations of countries in terms of gender equality through the proportions of political representation of women. In the study, the World Economic Forum published since 2006, was prepared based on the data of the 2020 Global Gender Gap Index (Global Gender Gap Index) other countries in the preparation of the report of the situation in Turkey will be examined. Countries except Turkey is not in a detailed manner, the position of Turkey in terms of determining the scope of the relevant issues will be discussed to the extent useful.

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27. Dönem Milletvekili Seçiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği

Author(s): Nuray Karaoğlu,Ayşe Kaşıkırık / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The right of women to vote and be elected is the output of a difficult and long-term struggle. In Turkey, women won the right to vote and be elected in 5 December, 1934. The Swiss women were 36 years later, in 1971. In 2021, the rate of female deputies in the Turkish Grand National Assembly is 17.2% and in Switzerland it is 42%!Although the number of female MPs in the Turkish Grand National Asembly reached the highest rate (17.8%) in the June 2015 elections, it has been decreasing since 2015. It is seen that there is no positive situation regarding equal representation of women in decision-making mechanisms and the current situation is below the global average. In order to ensure equal participation of women and men in socio-economic life, it is critical that the government implements gender equality policies and that the selected women create pressure on this issue.In this study, the programs, statutes and election manifestos of 11 parties (AK Party, BTP, BBP, CHP, DP, HDP, IYI Party, MHP, SP, VP and HÜDA-PAR) that entered the 27th term parliamentary elections will be analyzed in a gender equality perspective. However, the data of the parties on women's representation during the election period and the election results will be evaluated comprehensively.

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Analysis of Central Public Administration Institutions in Voivodeship of Transylvania

Author(s): Marilena Marin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present paper proposes the analysis of the institutions of the central public administration in Transylvania, in the voivodeship period. The topic was a researched one by different categories of professionals, and the analysis of these institutions had some peculiarities, depending on the area of study. Thus, historians have analyzed this topic in terms of historical events, the emergence and succession over time of public administration institutions at the central level. The lawyers studied the appearance and evolution of the legal norms that regulated the appearance and activity of public administration institutions. Economists have researched public administration institutions from an economic perspective. In our turn, we intend to analyze these institutions of the central public administration from an interdisciplinary perspective, to observe the particularities of the institutions in relation to the Transylvanian form of organization, both during the voivodship. The purpose for which we started to develop this paper is to share opinions with professionals from different fields, in connection with the topic we have established, and to improve the public administration system, learning from the experience of past eras.

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Youth Political Participation and Prospects for Democratic Reform in Iraqi Kurdistan

Author(s): Munir H. Mohammad / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the establishment of Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in 1991, political participation among youth has generally been an unseparated reality in the region’s political space. In the last three decades, Kurdish youth in the KRG have participated in three main activities: voting in local and national elections; participating in decision making institutions such as parliament, political parties, and civil society groups; and participating in informal politics such as demonstrations and protests. Despite youth participation in these three types of political activities, democratic reform in Iraqi Kurdistan (IK) remains weak and largely unsuccessful. Presently, the KRG faces serious challenges in consolidating its nascent democracy. This chapter asks why Kurdish youth participation has had limited impact in producing democratic reform and consolidating democracy in IK. It addresses this issue and aims to assess democratic reform in the Kurdistan region in regard to youth political participation. More specifically, it attempts to shed light on the current political situation of youth in IK, with a particular focus on their formal and informal participation in politics and the implications of their participation for democratic reform in Iraqi Kurdistan.

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An Elitist Interpretation of KRG Governance: How Self-Serving Kurdish Elites Govern Under the Guise of Democracy and the Subsequent Implications for Representation and Change

Author(s): Bamo Nouri / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One consequential political breakthrough on the road to Kurdish independence was the formal establishment of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) in Iraq’s 2005 Constitution, which granted autonomy to the KRI and allowed the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) to govern through parliamentary democracy. Proponents of Kurdish statehood viewed the official recognition of the Kurdistan Region as a crucial step toward furthering Kurdish autonomy in the neighboring states of Turkey, Iran, and Syria, with grander aspirations of an independent Kurdish nation-state. The possibility of Kurdish autonomy evolving further would be heavily dependent on the KRG’s establishment of a constitutional, democratic, and prosperous governance model that could represent a blueprint for similar structures in neighboring countries. Many viewed this as a momentous opportunity for the Kurds to build on previous soft-power gains—as popular proponents of freedom and democracy—by building a prosperous and democratic KRI. However, after fifteen years of formal KRG rule, the KRI has failed to live up to these expectations. Instead, the region has become a haven for repression, political violence, corruption, and oppression. This chapter posits an elitist argument based on empirical and analytical coverage of the KRG’s relations with the Government of Iraq (GOI), patronage politics, clientelism, partisan institutions, and constitutional violations by ruling elites in the KRI, analyzing how this has subverted democracy and prevented progressive change. The drawbacks are almost immeasurable and limitless, as symptomatic disseminations of a stagnated elitist system span far and wide. One key implication that this chapter will highlight is how a dysfunctional elitist political system has contributed to a disillusioned generation of youth who have lost faith in the KRI’s political system. This is evidenced by significantly low—and decreasing—voter turnout in tandem with a diminished reliance on political participation as an avenue for political change in addition to a festering mental health crisis.

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Educational Policy in the Kurdistan Region: A Critical Democratic Response

Author(s): Abdurrahman Ahmad Wahab / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this section, I examine the meaning and scope of nationalism and the idea of a nation as a modern social and political construct. I briefly elaborate on the principles and factors of nationalism and illustrate the modernist project of nationalism in constructing the concept of a nation and establishing a modern state through processes such as power, ideology, and hegemony in homogenizing the national culture. I then scrutinize the roles and positions of education as they pertain to nationalism within the process of establishing a modern nation-state.

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Regenerarea urbană a oraşelor dunărene. Studiu de caz Vukovar (Croaţia)

Author(s): Andreea Catalina Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The war had a devastating economic and social impact on the city of Vukovar. After the end of the war, urban regeneration began, both the city and the port, which had a vital role in the local economy. From an economic point of view, the war determined the closure of the most important factories, which had thousands of employees until the beginning of the conflict. The restoration of the city of Vukovar was based on the creation, in 2001, of the Fund for Reconstruction and Development by the Croatian government. The fund became operational in 2002 and aimed to provide loans, stimulate investment, and support collaboration with other public authorities and private companies. This paper follows the most important measures taken to support the urban regeneration of the city. It was also highlighted the impact of Croatia's accession to the European Union on the Vukovar projects.

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Merkel’s positive agenda has collapsed before it started

Author(s): Cengiz Aktar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The German Government is desperately trying since years to appease the Turkish dictatorial regime to the expense of Turkish democrats but also EU’s core values. Alas, as always with similar regimes appeasement doesn’t work. Today the more the EU appeases the more Erdoğan abuses.

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