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Despite the spread of the common law system to many countries over the centuries, the Arab World had remained outside of its range, but this changed a few years ago with the creation of new financial hubs in the Gulf States. Those are based on common law jurisdiction, and this article examines common law functioning in United Arab Emirates free zones set up to attract foreign investments in the financial sector.
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The rapid institutional changes taking place today, including the emergence and global spread of new institutions bring to the fore the question of how new institutions develop. From the 1990s onwards, a new technical term has begun to spread in the literature: institutional entrepreneurship, reflecting the revaluation of people’s activity in institutional change. The aim of the paper is to answer the questions regarding this kind of entrepreneurship. How does institutional entrepreneurship emerge, how can we interpret and define this phenomenon? What kind of driving forces are behind it? How does it work in the real economy? The novelty of the paper is in addressing institutional entrepreneurship as the result of a special ability and activity of actors to combine different, already known elements for building up new institutions. The study introduces the characteristics of institutional entrepreneurship, using the example of the sharing economy, by contrasting sharing as an alternative to conventional market solutions. The paper also demonstrates how the institutional entrepreneurship of sharing changes its socio-economic environment, from mobilization of unused resources through perception of ownership to the increase of the growth potential of the economy
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Professor Niek Klazinga is one of the best known experts in quality improvement, indicator setting, health system research and public health in Europe. He, if anyone, is the leading figure of this field in Europe. He personifies it with knowledge, persistence, integrity and style. He has done so both in form and in contents.
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W trakcie walki o niepodległość i tworzenia się państwowości amerykańskiej ścierały się dwie odmienne tendencje: jedną grupę stanowiła tendencja zachowawcza widoczna w The Federalist, szczególnie w pismach Johna Adamsa i Alexandra Hamiltona oraz w tekście późniejszej konstytucji USA, drugą była tendencja radykalna reprezentowana przez Thomasa Jeffersona i zwolenników demokratycznej myśli politycznej. Przez okres jedenastu lat dzielących ogłoszenie Deklaracji Niepodległości (1776) i zwołanie Konwencji Konstytucyjnej (1787) zachodziły gwałtowne zmiany w polityce Amerykańskiej. Głównym źródłem chaosu w amerykańskim systemie politycznym okazały się The Articles of Confederation (1781), będące ustawą o charakterze konstytucyjnym. Problem formy Konstytucji wiązał się z powszechnie podzielanym na Konwencji Konstytucyjnej poglądem, że należy stworzyć dzieło na tyle trwałe, aby zdolne było wytrzymać próbę czasu. W tym celu zredagowano dokument przejrzysty, i składający się z szeregu ogólnie określonych zasad, pozostawiając miejsce dla ewentualnych przyszłych interpretacji, łącznie z możliwością dokonywania poprawek. W ten sposób projekt Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki (1787) stał się kulminacją eksperymentu ustrojowego, mającego swe źródło w czasach Okresu Kolonialnego, trwającego podczas Rewolucji Amerykańskiej i prowadzącego do utworzenia ustroju państwowego unikalnego w skali nowożytnego świata.
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Program evaluation culture and capacity is at the very beginning of its development in Romania. In this article we highlight one of the fundamental; but not always obvious, connections that support sustainable evaluation culture and capacity building and development: the link between leadership and program evaluation. If properly used, program evaluation results can be a strong instrument in leadership, just as leadership can fundamentally encourage the development of evaluation culture and capacity. More precisely, we identify the ways in which different power sources can help leaders in developing evaluation culture and capacity.
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Professor Dr. György Jenei is the doyen of Central and Eastern European Public Administration. He, if anyone, is the leading figure of the field in our entire region; he personifies it; he has preserved it during darker times and has led it again to prominence since 1989, with persistence, integrity and style. He has done so both in form and in contents – the former both at his home, Corvinus University of Budapest, which together with Tallinn University of Technology and the University of Ljubljana is also the leading respective institution (and with which we have several strong cooperative exchange and research programs), and in his many leadership functions in professional and scholarly associations, including the recent NISPAcee Presidency during the crucial years of the height of the crisis. As a scholar, he is one of the small, 25-people cadre of scientific leaders in the region. And he truly did carry the torch of Public Administration during the times when its inefficiency was not an accident, but a core part of the local system; Professor Jenei’s early work on Max Weber was undertaken at a time when this was a politically highly incorrect thing to do.
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This paper elaborates on the social exclusion in housing sector as a complex social phenomenon with its own characterization, classifications and indicators – all in strong correlation with other forms of social marginalization. Based on the approach elaborated in this paper, the social exclusion related to the housing is a consequence of three fundamental barriers – economic, socio-cultural and legal, which at the same time are related to the persons that are facing the social exclusion in this segment, and to the living quarters and locations that are segregated as a result of a given set of social circumstances. While lacking precisely developed indicators for measuring the social exclusion in the housing sector, this paper is presenting points that refer to the substandard and poverty housing, limit the access to a home and to the financial sources for improvement of the housing, or imply legal insecurity resulting from the informal character of the housing. Understanding the social housing as a compensating mechanism of the social exclusion in the housing sector is also of interest to this paper. It is observed that in Macedonia, this concept is understood in various ways, with risks of misinterpretation, but also, that the normative framework for the housing sector which is in development, is expected to envision beyond the projects for the construction of state-owned social dwellings for specific population groups, that way enabling a perspective for the integrated approach towards poverty reduction and social inclusion in the housing sector.
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Housing has always been important factor in social policy that is directly related to the quality of life of the population, their general health and functioning. The article analyzed different theoretical approaches to the concept of housing, examines the importance of quality housing in rural and urban areas, this paper presents a sociological emphasis on the role of housing in the general welfare of the population. In this paper is going to be analyzed the quality of housing in the Republic of Macedonia with a special focus on Zelino municipality located in Polog region and at the foot of the mountain Suva Gora. The municipality is composed of 17 villages and a total 24.390 people (data are taken from the last census of 2002). We will use action research that involves analysis of statistical data which will be supplemented with empirical research in the field through surveys and interviews about how the population in this region are satisfied with their housing conditions, whether and how satisfied the other factors that directly have impact on the quality of housing as a drinking water, street lighting, sewerage, electricity etc. Given that a municipality which is extended to 199 km² where some villages are in mountainous areas and who are physically are more isolated from other villages, which explores the fact whether and how local authorities are willing to provide equal conditions of this population versus the population living in more available parts of the municipality. The topic is relevant because it is directly related to the quality of life of the population living in Macedonia, which may attract interest as in scientific circles also and in public ones.
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Journal of Social Policy talked to Sofija Spasovska about legislative and institutional support for housing through the social protection system.
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FICE Macedonia, as a part of the FICE Southeast Europe network, is a permanent member of FICE INTER - International Organization for Communication and Education, which contributes to the proper development of children who grow and develop outside of natural families.
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On November 19, 2010, the Institute for Social Work and Social Policy at the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje, together with the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, organized an International Conference on the topic: European and national practices in facing poverty and social exclusion.
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Journal of Social Policy talked to Cvetanka Ivanova about the system of social protection and social security in Macedonia.
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Journal of Social Policy talked to Živko Mitrevski about the system of social protection and social security in Macedonia.
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Journal of Social Policy talked to Tatjana Ristova Dimova about social protection system in Macedonia and licensing of professionals in the system.
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The pilot project is being introduced in urban communities, in the municipalities: Centar, Gazi Baba and Gjorce Petrov. The project is realized in cooperation with the City Red Cross of Skopje, which participates in the implementation of the program by providing professional social workers in the planned teams. Patrol social work, in 2012. will be introduced in other cities throughout Macedonia.
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Today, social problems go beyond the boundaries of the area in which they emerge and they go through different social sectors. For these reasons, the solutions for them should be comprehensive, flexible and adapted to the new reality. Adjustment of the current situation, among other things, means multi-sectoral cooperation that in its essence involves tackling the problems through joint and simultaneous action of entities from different sectors. Multi-sectoral cooperation refers to activities that are organized, implemented and attended by entities from different sectors, by sharing responsibility, but also by utilizing their resources and expertise. Although multi-sectoral cooperation is practiced at the local level for the most part, it has the opportunity to apply in a variety of combinations involving central (national) and local authorities, representatives of the private profit and non-profit sector, as well as citizens who live or work in the actual local community. Considering the complexity of the occurrence of juvenile delinquency, that is, children's offending, which according to all scientific knowledge and statistical data, decreases the age limit of children with educational and social problems and perpetrators of crimes, but at the same time the increase in the seriousness of committed criminal acts, the need for systematic, organized and comprehensive social action is imposed. As a result of the above, this paper aims to explain the need for multi-sectoral cooperation in the area of prevention and tackling the problem of child offending, but also to describe the place, role and activities of key actors in this area.
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In many of the political studies the policy transfer concept is primary engaged with the processes leading to transfer of specific policy and measures, although it is recognized that the use of specific ideas or programs outside their political environment depends on many mediating factors. Within this report the transfer is refered as including the transfer of administrative and institutional knowledge, but not necessarily, and transfer of political styles and structures. Through the example of European Employment Policy the benefits of knowledge transfer (policy learning) are emphasized instead of copying ready examples of policy and measures (policy transfer). Theories of learning offer an alternative to the fully rational approach, because unlike it they specify that the choice of behavior is driven by combinations based on selection and adaptation more than rational calculation. In this context, of particular interest is the European Employment Strategy (EES) – implemented through a new method of governance – Open Method of Coordination (OMC). Thus, the European Employment Policy highlights the mutual learning and joint development of agreement on a common interpretation of problems, objectives and results as factors of development and public policy change. This happens in a very complex environment of multiple actors with conflicting interests - institutional environment in which copying policies is impossible.
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The text is a case study of the relationship between the initiation of activities defined in the Roma Government Integration Program as being aimed at increasing the participation of the Roma community in the social life of rural areas, and the real nature of relations between Roma and non-Roma. The article was devoted to the role of local government in implementing Roma integration strategies. We describe the situation of a Roma community belonging to the Bergitka Roma group. The main subject of analysis is the consequences of the “integration” measures taken by officials and local policymakers in contact with the inhabitants of the Roma settlement. From the perspective of local authorities, the current situation is defined as difficult. Its represen- tatives try to avoid on one hand accusations of discrimination against ethnic minority communities on one hand, and of favouring the Roma on the other. Balancing the expectations of both sides, local authorities use solutions known as “participatory actions”.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem related to the return of formermembers of the Islamic State (IS) to Europe. As part of this material, following issueshave been raised: the importance of US invasion of Iraq in 2003 for the emergence of IS;the possibility of admission of former IS members by countries of origin; consequences ofthe presence of former IS members for the security of Europe; the ability to judge andconvict them effectively in accordance with national law; effectiveness ofderadicalization and integration programs operating in Europe. The conclusion is that inthe near future one should expect an increase in the number of terrorist attacks inEurope and increased military actions in IS provinces, among others in the north Africa.In the next few months, former IS members will establish contacts again, which willresult in spectacular terrorist attacks in Europe and other parts of the world.
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