Documentos del Consejo de Europa: transparencia y reponsabilidad

Author(s): Izabela Rychel / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The experts have been interested in the process of the second language acquisition for many years. However, the significant changes appeared in the second decade of the twentieth century. The establishment of the Council of Europe, an ogranization which associates 47 countries, provided new common standards of the evaluation of the language proficiency. The most important aim of the work of the Council of Europe was to promote the multilingualism and multiculturalism to create between the European citizens understanding and openness for other cultures. What is more, common norms facilitated people the mobility because the certificates they were receiving started beeing recognisable in ither countries. The creation of the CEFR and European Language Portfolio was the beginning of the new way of understanding the process of the second language acquisition which, nowadays, has to be transparent for students. Furthermore, students have become more conscious and responsible for their own learning. The possibility of monitoring their learning process gives them opportunity to work out their stategies and patterns of work. Therefore, they are not just an audience but they take an active part in the second languages acquisition.

Имигранти и бежанци - опасност или възможност

Author(s): Lyudmil Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the technology for integration of refugees through projects run by unemployed Bulgarians with appropriate education, further education and the provision of employment. Shared significant European experience in organizing training and job placements for refugees, enabling to use any level of qualification of foreigners, and to ensure the security of the population.

Istraživanje: Zločini silovanja i seksualnog nasilja u Bosni i Hercegovini – od procedure prijave do kaznenih politika

Author(s): Nejra Nuna Čengić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Tokom mjeseca jula 2017. godine, polaznici/e Feminističke škole organizirane u okviru Sarajevskog otvorenog centra, proveli su kvalitativno istraživanje o postupanju i stavovima službenih osoba koje rade na procesuiranju krivičnih djela seksualnog nasilja, s fokusom na krivično djelo silovanja, te predstavnika organizacija civilnog društva koje se bave zaštitom prava oštećenih. Istraživanje je zasnovano na strukturiranim intervjuima sa predstavnicima MUP-a, tužilaštava i civilnog društva iz Sarajeva, Zenice, Tuzle, Banje Luke i Mostara. Intervjuima su trebale biti obuhvaćene i sudije koje rade na procesuiranju ove vrste krivičnih djela, te su pozivi za učešće u istraživanju dostavljeni udruženjima sudija u BiH. Nažalost, ista se nisu odazvala pozivu. Urađeno je ukupno deset intervjua. Veliki broj njih radio se u parovima, što je impliciralo dva intervjuera/ke i dva sagovornika/ce. Na ovaj način, ukupan broj sagovornika iz ciljne skupine koji je učestvovao u istraživanju je 17.

Finanční analýza: současné a budoucí možnosti financování provozu jeslí

Author(s): Markéta Novotná / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rovné příležitosti žen a mužů a slaďování osobního a pracovního života na úřadech veřejné správy

Author(s): Helena Skálová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rozwój lokalny a samodzielność finansowa na przykładzie gmin aglomeracji poznańskiej

Author(s): Iwona Nowacka / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Jednym z zasadniczych celów działania gmin jest rozwój lokalny. Aby efektywnie zarządzać lokalną gospodarką, jednostkom samorządu terytorialnego przekazano pewien zakres samodzielności pozwalający podejmować określone działania dopasowane do potrzeb lokalnej społeczności. Kluczowym aspektem tego zabiegu było wyposażenie gmin w określone źródła dochodów oraz przyznanie im prawa do samodzielnego prowadzenia gospodarki finansowej, rozumiane jako samodzielność finansowa. Celem tego artykułu jest ocena stopnia zależności samodzielności finansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego i rozwoju lokalnego. Złożoność analizowanego zagadnienia wymagała zastosowania dwóch głównych metod badań. Pierwszą z nich było wyznaczenie wskaźnika syntetycznego w celu odrębnego pomiaru rozwoju lokalnego i samodzielności finansowej. Druga metoda polegała na wykorzystaniu wskaźnika korelacji Pearsona, aby ocenić zależność pomiędzy tymi zjawiskami.

40-lecie reform w Chinach i nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych USA–Chiny

Author(s): Edward Haliżak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to analyze international relations in the Asia-Pacific regionfrom the historical perspective of the 40th anniversary of the economic reformin China and the establishment of diplomatic US-China relations. China’s successfulreform programme and US-China economic cooperation have helped to transformthis country into a superpower and, as a result, multilateralism in the region hasbeen replaced by new US-China bipolar structure. 2018 was the year regional actorsgrew accustomed to this new strategic environment.

WAR FOR WATER

Author(s): Viorel ORDEANU,Benoni ANDRONIC,Lucia Elena Ionescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The role of water is so important in all practical aspects of life, then the need to control water resources is a mandatory condition for mankind, that has and will always lead to conflicts and even war, be it declared or not, for water. Conflicts have been a constant throughout history, as well as the regulations for water access, all these may be shortly named politics of water – hydropolitics. Fresh water is a limited natural resource, and the growing demand for this resources may be the cause of conflict escalation and wars, as it is the case for oil. The availability of drinking water per capita is inadequate and insufficient on a global scale. The spread of water on the planet is not equal, considering geographical area, season and historical period, which poses a potential threat for the relations between people, nations, countries and alliances. The history of conflicts for water is old and when the political and diplomatic means fail, wars for water can emerge.

THE SECURITY OF EUROPE: SAFEGUARDING FREEDOM IN THE CONTEXT OF CROSS-BORDER THREATS

Author(s): Ion Alexandru Manoliu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the recent years, security, freedom, especially the social, political, economic and religious sectors, with their set of individual and group rights have been undermined by the growing international terrorism as the number of victims scaled up. The measures taken to preserve the safety of the European continent, including the use of police and military force where impacted by the need to manage relations with a determined Russia trying to impose its geostrategic importance, the pressures exerted by migration and the influx of refugees, UK’s decision to leave the EU, and the separation of European states in main and second-hand actors. With the emerging challenges of the European security and their dynamics, the paper concentrates on the future agenda of the EU states. Special attention is given to the Copenhagen School with regard to security in politics, society, economy, and religion, with the hope that all incoming measures are to fulfill the defines and safeguarding requirements of the population.

Analýza nabídky bankovních produktů pro subjekty veřejné správy v regionech

Author(s): Jan Krajíček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The financial sector is undoubtedly a major impact on the economic development of regions. It cannot forget the influence of the state, and particularly the state budget subsidies from the European Union, from which also financed numerous municipal projects, regional development, but the effect of the financial sector is indispensable. For support for regional development of the financial sector (especially banks) must be considered not only the provision of funds in the form of loans to municipalities directly, but also ensure that payments and other financial services to municipalities and last but not least, for the further development of business activities, which are then reflected in developing regions.

Politicization of Civil Service in Slovakia: Case Study of Selected Ministries in 2004-2014

Author(s): Naďa Adamicová,Katarina Staronova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Politicization of top civil service in Central and Eastern Europe has been discussed among both academics and practitioners for some time now. It has been concluded that the politicization of civil servants has resurged since the accession into the EU, which has lead to a great deal of uncertainty among civil service. Nevertheless, the evidence on turnover is mostly stemming from interviews and expert survey since CEE countries lack basic data on HR functions. This paper wants to address this gap and looks into turnover data [both scope and depth) among top civil service officials at the six Slovak ministries between 2004 and 2014. During this period, the Slovak government was completely changed three times.

Public administration reforms in Visegrad countries: “two steps forward – one step back” processes (?)

Author(s): Juraj Nemec,David Špaček,Vladimír Tiutiuriukov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The starting point for all the countries in 1989 was similar – the need to create the foundations for a new democratic model of public administration in all four countries. Changes in this period were intended to overcome and eliminate the shortcomings of centralized control of state administration. This period was characterized by the creation of a new set of state institutions corresponding to the requirements of liberal democratic principles. The political, legislative, and economic changes also required transformation regarding the perception of its role, activities of executive apparatus and institutions, nature and quality of public administration employees, and effectiveness of their work. During certain period after first dramatic changes realized especially in 1990-1991 in all the countries the focus was on fine-tuning new structures and mechanisms, and new major changes came only significantly later – differently for each country. In the following text we describe country by country what happened in next phases of PARs.

Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Göç Politikaları ve Göç Yönetiminin Belirlenmesinde Avrupa Birliği ve Avrupalı Değerlerin Yeri

Author(s): Yusuf Soyupek / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türk kamu yönetiminin hem idari hem de hukuki açıdan değişiminde ve gelişiminde Avrupa devletlerinin ve değerlerinin geçmişten günümüze önemli etkisi ve katkısı olmuştur. Son yıllarda Türkiye ve dünya gündemini derinden etkileyen olaylardan birisi olan göç konusunda da Türk kamu yönetimi idari ve hukuki açıdan Avrupa Birliği’nin yönlendirmesi ve zorlamasıyla önemli değişiklikler yapmıştır. Göç, içine birden fazla aktörün dâhil olduğu çok karmaşık bir olaydır. Bundan dolayı göç yönetimi ve göç politikalarının belirlenmesi ve uygulanmaya konulması da aynı şekilde karmaşık ve bir o kadar da zorlu bir süreçtir. Her ne kadar göç olgusu insanlığın tarihi kadar eski olup günümüze dek sürekli devam etmiş olsa da göçün kamu yönetimleri ve kamu politikaları gündeminde üst sıralara çıkması 1950 ve 1960’lardan itibaren olmuştur.

Ocena oddziaływania samorządu na rozwój funkcji turystycznej dużego miasta

Author(s): Grzegorz Gołembski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Celem artykułu jest określenie sposobu oceny oddziaływania władz miasta na rozwój turystyki, umożliwiającego wczesną diagnozę popełnionych błędów. Przy próbie osiągania tego celu musimy sformułować założenie: sposoby oddziaływania samorządu na rozwój turystyki uzależnione są od poziomu natężenia funkcji turystycznej miasta. Ponieważ jednostki samorządu terytorialnego zarządzają obszarami o różnym natężeniu i dynamice zmian poziomu natężenia funkcji turystycznej, nie pozostaje to bez wpływu na kształt prowadzonej przez nie lokalnej polityki turystycznej. Działania władz samorządowych skierowane na aktywizację lokalnej gospodarki turystycznej powinny być podejmowane w różnym zakresie i z różnym natężeniem w jednostkach o odmiennym stopniu ukształtowania funkcji turystycznej – zgodnie z różnymi potrzebami i celami w zakresie rozwijania turystyki na ich terenie. Oddziaływanie samorządu na rozwój turystyki dotyczy zarówno sfery popytu (oddziaływanie na klienta – wizerunek miasta, oferty „konsumpcyjne”), jak i sfery podaży (oddziaływanie na inwestorów i już funkcjonujące podmioty gospodarcze). Założenia te pozwolą określić pytanie badawcze, na które będziemy starali się odpowiedzieć, a mianowicie: znając poziom natężenia funkcji turystycznej miasta i tym samym fazę cyklu życia obszaru turystycznego, określić, w jaki sposób oceniać oddziaływanie samorządu na rozwój funkcji turystycznej dużego miasta. Innymi słowy, w jaki sposób władze samorządowe wykorzystują będące w ich dyspozycji instrumenty oddziaływania na turystykę. Możliwości oceny sposobu postępowania władz samorządowych dopatrujemy się w weryfikacji kompleksowej ankiety, która umożliwi zdiagnozowanie istniejącej rzeczywistości.

Принос на политиката за сближаване за стабилност и иновативност на МСП

Author(s): Svetlana Aleksandrova-Zlatanska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

EU industry is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and it is a driver to the economic sustainability and competitiveness. The European priorities is to develop the economics sectors by technological and digital transformation and to increase competitiveness by internationalization and circular economy. The future cohesion policy (2021-2027) is aimed to boosting EU competitiveness through innovation, technological transformation, low-carbon economy and efficient use of natural resources. The growth of business activities is influenced by many factors, one of which is access for funding. The analysis focuses on the results of the Bulgarian program for innovation and competitiveness in terms of SMEs and industry development. The EU grant schemes have supported the technological modernization of the SMEs and start up innovative productions.

Демократична отчетност на Съвета на Европейския съюз след влизане в сила на Договора от Лисабон

Author(s): Gergana Radoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper explores the democratic accountability in the EU after the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. Research claims that democratic deficiencies are being observed and they trigger a discussion among academics and policymakers. Author refers to the theoretical concept about the social relation of accountability between actor – forum (Bovens, 2007) in which the actor has an obligation to explain and to justify their actions while the forum is empowered to challenge the actor and ask questions for justifications of the actions taken. Author presents main institutional and leadership functions of the EU and challenges as they conduct their assigned duties especially related to the Council, interaction with the European Parliament and the Rotating Presidency of the Council of the EU. In conclusion it is observed better information and transparency between the involved parties post-Lisbon Treaty. The author suggests, however, more dynamic and result-oriented forums for accountability on both EU and member states level.

Understanding Policy in Immigration

Author(s): Simeon S. Magliveras / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Policies have become a form of social institution and are tools which governments use to organize contemporary societies (Shore and Wright 1995) . The intensions and functions of organically formed institutions evolve as the social/biological environment changes through time but, policy in its genesis has specific intensions. Post-modernist thought avoid the nature of policy because it focuses of the individual and the individuals' ability to usurp power structures by avoiding categorization (Kirtsoglou 2004; Butler 2005). However, the nature and purpose of policy is to essentialize and categorize people and define subjects' access to power structures and determine individuals' roles and statuses in society (Shore and Wright 1995; Haines 2013). Thus, individuals are defined, enabled and limited by the categories policy imposes on them (as Citizen, refugee, legal/ illegal immigrant, etc). Thus, deeply embedded in policy are the cultural norms and ideologies, which help us understand power rhetorics and meanings of a society.

Harmonisation of higher education system for the purposes of public administration efficiency improvement – some of the propositions for successful reform implementation

Author(s): Jelena Dujmović Bocka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper the author addresses the issue of recognition of the harmonization process as a significant part of higher education system reform in the Republic of Croatia. The first part of the paper emphasizes neo(institutionalism) as a theoretical approach, which has once been used in conducting empirical research, while at the same time confirming both the hypothesis that the national systems are more frequently being harmonized, as well as its sub-hypothesis, that the harmonization of national systems of higher education is mostly the result of Europeanisation process (along with its corresponding indicators – the Bologna process implementation, international collaboration – inter-institutional cooperation between institutions of higher education, project activities, European higher education politics, teaching and non-teaching staff mobilities). The basis for the paper refers to the Bologna process, that has been recognised as the key contributor for harmonization with the European system of higher education and has, as such, been implemented into the Croatian system of higher education. The necessity for applying the same and/or similar institutional propositions, that is, the necessity for approaching the common model is considered to be the centre of reform goals. The final part of the paper presents the results of a part of the mentioned research, which verify the aforementioned hypothesis and its sub-hypothesis and refer to specific propositions which should be taken into consideration for more successful reform implementation in one of the most significant public administration areas, public service, or better said, higher education system as part of public service.

Dopłaty do oprocentowania kredytu restrukturyzacyjnego udzielane przez Agencję Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa jako jeden z trybów restrukturyzacji zadłużenia podmiotu prowadzącego gospodarstwo rolne

Author(s): Adrian Jaworski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present one of the ways of restructuring the indebtedness of agricultural holdings by granting an interest subsidy on a restructuring loan by the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. This is a new solution introduced to the Polish legal order by the Act of 9 November 2018 on debt restructuring of entities running an agricultural holding. The author first discusses general issues related to the constitutional foundations of the agricultural system and the system of the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. Next, author moves on to assess the motives of the legislator, introducing the Act on Debt Restructuring of Farm Operators, and then discusses the legal problem of public aid granted by the ARMA. The work ends with a summary and conclusions de lege ferenda.

Programy przebudowy miast wobec wyzwań społecznych, ekonomicznych i środowiskowych kształtowania terenów zurbanizowanych

Author(s): Anna Bernaciak,Alona Revko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The main aim of the study is to depict the characteristics of some of the most common concepts of urban reconstruction (compact city, sustainable city, smart city, as well as their hybrids), present practical aspects of the indicated urban policies and attempt to verify their implementation. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on the presentation of selected theoretical concepts. In the empirical part, the authors use the method of case studies, presenting the effects of municipal investments and practical obstacles occurring during their implementation. They form assessments based on current media reports, articles in specialist press, as well as statements made by residents. Findings: Contemporary cities are spaces of various challenges that become sources of conflicts as well as places of unmet needs and unfulfilled ambitions. Although the decision-makers make their decisions in connection with these challenges, their interventions are not always effective. The concepts of a compact city, a smart city and a sustainable city serve as recipes for the problems of modern cities: both the short-term ones and those which require shaping a comprehensive policy for the development of cities and urban areas. However, cities are not always properly diagnosed, and local authorities often lack specialists who could consciously and skilfully propose an optimal therapy. Originality and value: The study presents an original analysis of selected case studies which relate to the shaping of the space of Polish cities. The study focuses on the challenges of shaping urban areas in relation to contemporary trends in city planning and design determined by the importance of such issues as the quality of life of residents, the quality of space, its democratisation and sustainability, the presence of art, closed circulation or the use of modern technology and creativity in the process of managing modern cities and their space.