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Posthladnoratovski haos na Balkanu i novi ideološki poredak u svetu

Author(s): Milan Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Uprkos poznatom Marksovom (Marx) političkom i ideološkom radikalizmu, nema sumnje da je utemeljitelj takozvanog naučnog socijalizma bio duhovno dete modernog doba, i naročito modernih društvenih nauka. Njegova analitička paradigma je tipično njutnovska, deterministička, jednolinijska i progresivistička. Ona se lako može rekonstruisati iz celine njegovih mnogobrojnih i rasutih radova, ali najeksplicitnija i najartikulisanija objava ove paradigme nalazi se u Predgovoru prvom izdanju Kapitala iz 1867.godine.

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Организация и финансиране на османската куриерска служба през XVII и XVIII век

Author(s): Alexandra Antonova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper studies the appearance and development of the menzil organization on the main roads of the Empire in Rumelia. The author explores the financing of the currier service. Its development in 17th and 18th century is presented as a complex process which depends on the decisions of the central authorities, but is strongly affected by the interests of the provincial elite and no less by the practices of the ulkas. The constant efforts of the state to bring order to the financing of the menzils can be seen in some fermans from 17th and 18th century. They, as well as the inamat defters, show that the system was difficult to reform due to the difference in the interests of the central authorities and those of the locals ayans in 18th century. Thhe menzils were a solid source of enrichment. They sucked in money from the state and the horses were used mostly for personal needs. This situation continued till 19th century when Mustafa Reshid Pasha established the postahane on the model of the European postal services.

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Polityka równościowa i antydyskryminacyjna w Polsce po roku 2004

Author(s): Piotr Burgoński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

W artykule dokonano analizy "Krajowego programu działań na rzecz równego traktowania na lata 2013–2016", przyjętego przez rząd RP w 2013 r. Celem jest określenie ramy konceptualnej, na jakiej wspiera się polityka równościowa i antydyskryminacyjna polskiego rządu (policy frame). Badanie zmierza do określenia elementów tej ramy, a w szczególności pokazania, w jaki sposób polski rząd, formułując swoją politykę równościową i antydyskryminacyjną, postrzega, nazywa i strukturalizuje porządek społeczny, jak postrzega aktorów społecznych i relacje między nimi, jakie z tym postrzeganiem związane są wartości, idee oraz interesy.

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Odpowiedzialność za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych w Polsce na tle rozwiązań przyjętych we Francji, w Niemczech i Wielkiej Brytanii

Author(s): Wojciech Bożek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest porównanie przyjętych w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej rozwiązań prawnych, które mają na celu ochronę ładu i bezpieczeństwa finansów publicznych, a dotyczą systemu odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych, z rozwiązaniami prawnymi wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej oraz ukazanie znaczenia kryteriów 3E oraz value for money w ocenie sprawnego funkcjonowania jednostek sektora finansów publicznych. W każdym z omawianych państw utworzono instytucje publiczne wyposażone w instrumenty prawnofinansowe, które mają na celu zapewnienie przestrzegania przepisów regulujących procesy gromadzenia i rozdysponowania środków publicznych. Omówienie francuskich, niemieckich i brytyjskich rozwiązań prawnych na tle tych, które funkcjonują w RP, umożliwi wykazanie unikatowości polskiego systemu odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych. W opracowaniu uwzględniono stan prawny obowiązujący na 18 lutego 2015 r.

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Rola salda pierwotnego w stabilizowaniu długu publicznego w krajach członkowskich strefy euro w latach 1999-2013

Author(s): Kamilla Marchewka-Bartkowiak,Marcin Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Problem stabilizowania zadłużenia stał się szczególnie istotny obecnie w kontekście kryzysu finansowego w państwach strefy euro. Rodzą się pytania: czy państwa te są w stanie ustabilizować zadłużenie w ciągu najbliższych lat? czy obowiązujące obecnie traktatowe kryterium deficytu sektora general government jest wystarczające do oceny sytuacji finansów publicznych, w świetle braku oceny jego struktury wskazującej na obciążenie budżetu bieżącymi kosztami obsługi długu? czy ocena poziomu salda pierwotnego (deficytu pierwotnego) nie byłaby bardziej adekwatnym warunkiem weryfikacji bieżącego stanu finansów publicznych? W artykule tym autorzy dokonali analizy sytuacji finansów publicznych w krajach strefy euro z uwzględnieniem wybranych wskaźników budżetowych. Celem badania było wskazanie podstaw do oceny możliwości stabilizowania długu przez te kraje, a tym samym próba wskazania na możliwe odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.

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Rosja: zbierają się ciemne chmury

Author(s): Marek Menkiszak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In 2018, even though Vladimir Putin’s mandate was formally confirmed ina presidential election, his approval ratings fell significantly, particularly becauseof his highly unpopular decision to raise the retirement age substantially. Thedecision was one of the ways of seeking savings and building reserves in case theeconomic situation became worse as a result of multiplying American sanctionsand changes in the energy resources market. It was a challenge for the Kremlin, andthe Russian government looked for a way to strengthen the political legitimacy ofPutin’s rule while trying to keep their foreign policy directions unchanged withoutunduly escalating the conflict with the US. Russia attempted to make use of growingtransatlantic tensions while looking to normalize its relations with the main WesternEuropean countries and tightening its unequal anti-American quasi-alliance withChina.

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Social work and social workers in Poland

Author(s): Marek Rymsza / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this chapter is to endeavour a summary of the road travelled in the space of two decades after 1989 (with all the political and economic transformations and modernisation which they brought) by social work in Poland within the meaning of a qualified service provided by social workers within the structure of the social welfare system. And likewise to ponder the current situation and condition of social workers as a professional group.

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Badanie opinii mieszkańców Poznania dotyczących rozwoju funkcji turystycznej

Author(s): Agnieszka Niezgoda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Procesy konkurencji w układach regionalnych i lokalnych zmuszają do poszukiwania rozwiązań wynikających z przyjęcia zasad i reguł zapewniających większe powodzenie w osiąganiu celów rozwojowych jednostek przestrzennych. Jednym z najważniejszych celów w takim ujęciu jest dobrobyt społeczności zamieszkującej miasto. Kategorią uwzględniającą stopień satysfakcji pewnej grupy obywateli (np. mieszkańców gminy, miasta czy regionu) z całokształtu egzystencji jest jakość życia. Jej poziom zależy m.in. od działalności gospodarczej miasta i związanych z nią efektów ekonomicznych. Jedną z funkcji gospodarczych miasta może być turystyka. Jednak zależności pomiędzy procesem podnoszenia jakości życia a rozwojem turystyki mają charakter bardziej złożony. Przyczynia się do tego złożoność produktu turystycznego danego obszaru oraz rola mieszkańców w jego kształtowaniu.

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Политическата култура и предприемаческата активност като предпоставки за позитивно развитие в България

Author(s): Daniela Pastarmadzhieva,Mina Angelova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Thirty years ago, Bulgaria made a shift towards democratic development, but the social environment has the potential to strengthen or undermine the selected direction. The aim of the current work is to identify the state of Bulgarian political culture and entrepreneurial activity and make a forecast about their future development. The object of the study is Bulgaria since 1989. The focus are a selection of indicators, regarding the political culture and entrepreneurial activity. In order to achieve our goal we make review of the studies, regarding the topic and use quantitative data in order to evaluate the political culture and entrepreneurial activity. Among the sources are European values study, World values survey, Eurostat and Global Entrepreneurship Index.

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Административна екология и изкуствен интелект в контекста на доброто управление – политики на приложение в работата на администрацията

Author(s): Ivan Efremovski,Yordan Gyorchev,Borche Serafimovski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article highlights the role and significance of administrative ecology and its relationship with artificial intelligence. The ecological approach in public administration focuses attention on the dynamic relationship between the system of public administration and its environment: – physical, cultural, historical, technological, economic, legal and political, as well as on a good understanding of changes in the administrative system through the ecological aspect, considering it through the ideas and studies of John M. Gauss and Fred Riggs. Artificial intelligence (AI), with all its challenges and dangers, can lead to a wave of changes in society and public policies, especially with all that the fourth industrial revolution brings. The question arises: – How ready are we to apply all this in the principles of good governance and building policies for the application of artificial intelligence in the operation of the administration?

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Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice

Author(s): Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN,Denisa-Cristina Niță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We chose this subject because we believe it represents a head topic for public order activity, especially regarding law enforcement. In the content of the article, we decided to approach some of the similarities in the provisions of the Criminal Code, Law no. 61/1991, respectively Law no. 4/2008.Analyzing the normative framework from the perspective of law enforcement by public order bodies, certain existing challenges can be found during the execution of the missions in terms of the legal framing of the facts, respectively risks that fall on the erroneous application of a misdemeanor punishment for committing an act of a criminal nature. At the same time, it was analysed the managing of a specific case in the sports environment by the bodies empowered to apply sanctions or to ascertain the commission of the act (eg: the statements of former coach Oprița Daniel from the fall of 2022, in the context of confrontations between the gendarmes and CSA Steaua supporters which resulted in acts of violence).

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ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI

Author(s): Nicolae-Cătălin Dănilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

At the center of the concerns of the public authorities are public order and the safety of the citizen, as major benchmarks that condition the proper functioning of the competent state bodies. A particularly important place is occupied by ensuring and maintaining public order and public security, the administration of bodies whose attributions include the defense of the political regime, the interests of citizens, measures that contribute to the execution of laws and court decisions, good coexistence in society, as well as good functioning of state services. Moreover, public order is a state of law and fact that allows the achievement of the balance based on the social consensus necessary for the optimal functioning of the social whole under the conditions of internal legal regulations, consecrating the defense and respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, public and private property, to the other supreme values, in order to promote and affirm social progress in a democratic society. Ensuring public order represents an essential requirement of internal stability that guarantees the provision of conditions corresponding to the establishment of a state governed by law. Of particular importance in the performance of the function of guaranteeing and ensuring public order, the security of the person and society is the coordination activity of the bodies meant to ensure public order.In other words, ensuring public order is a social necessity, carried out through specific activities of special bodies - public order forces, which represent authorities holding powers and attributions in matters of public order and which, by law and other normative acts, are confers tasks in the exercise of the state police right.

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RAPORTURILE JURIDICE DE MUNCĂ ALE FUNCȚIONARILOR PUBLICI

Author(s): Andrei-Răzvan Iordache,Luca Imandi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Through this paper, a brief analysis of the labor relationships of public officials was intended. Different political systems around the world have led to various employment relationships in the public service. While employees in some countries have the right to collectively bargain, regarding the legal employment relationship of public officials in Romania, they cannot negotiate the rights and obligations that make up the content of the employment relationship, nor can they modify them later, as the decision belongs to the public authority or institution where they work. Therefore, the modification of employment relationships is the result of the unilateral manifestation of will by the public institution, which has the right to withdraw or confer responsibilities. The article falls under the section "Personal Safety and Building Social Capital" since it addresses the obligation to understand the relationships that arise with the acquisition of the status of an employee in the public sector. These relationships come with obligations and rights that generate certain responsibilities for the public official. Therefore, public officials must have a clear understanding of their employment relationship to perform their duties correctly and uphold the principles of labor.

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ROLUL POLIȚIEI FEROVIARE ÎN LUPTA ÎMPOTRIVA DEȚINERII ȘI CONSUMULUI DE DROGURI ÎN TRENURILE DE CĂLĂTORI

Author(s): Lucian GRĂJDEANU,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In general, rail transport is regarded as one of the safest modes of transport, especially when compared to road transport – a fact demonstrated by the reduced number of accidents and resulting casualties in the rail system. However, in recent years, new challenges have arisen for the Rail Transport Police in terms of passenger safety and protection, as many cases of drug possession and use have begun to emerge, particularly among young people who use means of rail transport during the summer season or at various concerts (UNTOLD, Electric Castle, etc.) or in the case of supporters of football teams traveling by train. This article draws attention to such a phenomenon, as well as the need to adapt police prevention and combat measures accordingly (increasing visibility in the field, use of dogs specialized in drug detection on platforms, strengthening intra- and inter-institutional cooperation).

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Reducerea vulnerabilității comunităților urbane în fața dezastrelor

Author(s): Ionel-Alin Mocioi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, worldwide, there is a major increase in losses caused by natural disasters, in a situation where the frequency of occurrence of destructive natural phenomena is relatively constant. It can be said that we are still powerless in the face of natural disasters and that we have to learn to live permanently and consciously with the risk of producing such destructive phenomena. Reducing the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters is a complex process and requires an integrated approach involving prevention, preparedness and emergency response measures. This is also a major concern in disaster risk management. Urban communities are exposed to a range of disaster risks, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, storms and heat waves, and these can have serious consequences for people's lives, the environment and Property.There are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters, as follows:• Identification and assessment of risks specific to the community• Sustainable urban planning• Making investments in infrastructure• Early warning systems• Educating and informing the community• Development and implementation of evacuation plans• Development of a communication network• Preparing the population to respond in case of emergencyBy taking such measures, urban communities can become more resilient to disasters and better prepared to deal with emergencies.The negative effects generated by disasters should rather be seen as an opportunity for the initiation of regional sustainable development programs. Rather, disasters should be seen as an opportunity to implement profound social and economic change.

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Процесите по дигитализация в местната администрация: актуални аспекти

Author(s): Mariya Kazakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In light of accelerated development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the ever-changing internet environment, one of the main challenges for local public organizations is the digitalization of their operations. Regardless of the type of local public services, they are provided by local public organizations in a multi-tasking framework under specific regulations of both strategic and operational nature. This is done not only in terms of digitization of services, but also in connection with the functional purpose and management of local resources – human, financial, etc. This report examines some key aspects of the digitalization processes directly related to the increase of the efficiency of local government operations.In light of accelerated development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the ever-changing internet environment, one of the main challenges for local public organizations is the digitalization of their operations. Regardless of the type of local public services, they are provided by local public organizations in a multi-tasking framework under specific regulations of both strategic and operational nature. This is done not only in terms of digitization of services, but also in connection with the functional purpose and management of local resources – human, financial, etc. This report examines some key aspects of the digitalization processes directly related to the increase of the efficiency of local government operations.

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Procedura celna 42 a oszustwa w zakresie VAT

Author(s): Agnieszka Krysztofiak,Dariusz Strugliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to present basic information on customs procedure 42 and VAT fraud using this procedure. The rules of administrative assistance between EU Member States in the field of VAT aimed at combating fraud using customs procedure 42 were also identified and presented. Administrative assistance instruments such as VIES, Eurofisc network were characterised and compared. Finally, the challenges faced by the tax administrations of EU Member States in the combating fraud using customs procedure 42 were presented. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the purpose, an analysis of legal acts was used, including in particular Council Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 of 7 October 2010 on administrative cooperation and combating fraud in the field of value added tax as well as the documents published by the European Commission and the European Court of Auditors (ETO) and also Olaf, Europol and EPPO. Findings: Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that close cooperation between tax and customs administrations is of great importance for the efficiency of the tax authorities of all EU Member States. The exchange of information between Member States should mainly be based on joint analysis of information and cross-checks of customs and tax information. Such an innovative approach will enable full use of the anti-fraud tools available within the European Union and, consequently, will contribute to faster elimination of VAT fraud using customs procedure 42. Cooperation between countries using the tools described in this chapter is the most appropriate way to combat cross-border VAT fraud using customs procedure 42.

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За някои особености в администрацията на министъра на културата

Author(s): Stefan Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the present work, the reader's attention is again directed to the distinction between a state body and its administration and, in particular, the Minister of Culture from the Ministry of Culture. The administrations under the Minister of Culture and the administration of the Ministry itself are also examined, paying attention to the general and special administration.

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Integration of nature and city: a strategic approach to green-blue infrastructure in Râmnicu Vâlcea

Author(s): Teodora Ungureanu,Andreea Catalina Popa,Antonio Valentin Tache,Adrian Simion / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study explores the strategic integration of green-blue infrastructure (GBI) in the Râmnicu Vâlcea Metropolitan Area (MA-VL), Romania. The research addresses environmental, mobility, and quality-of-life concerns while examining local urban strategies and their approach to GBI implementation, identifying gaps and opportunities for sustainable development. Despite different levels of engagement with GBI concepts, most local plans incorporate elements like green spaces, water management, and sustainable transport. The study proposes a unified GBI framework for the area, emphasising stakeholder engagement, pilot projects, and community involvement to enhance environmental resilience and quality of life.

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RACIONALIZACIJA TROŠKOVA JAVNOG SERVISA KAO METOD ZA JAČANJE LOKALNIH MEDIJA

Author(s): Predrag Panić,Nikola Burazer,Jelena Dmitrović,Vuk Stanojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Postojanje javnog servisa predstavlja evropsku praksu, uvedenu zarad očuvanja većeg stepena medijskih sloboda i nepristrasnog informisanja. Evropi nema jedinstvenog modela za upravljanje i finansiranje javnih servisa. Glavni problemi sa kojim se susreću svi javni servisi su održivo finansiranje i uređivačka nezavisnost. Tema ovog predloga praktične politike fokusirana je na finansijsku održivost javnog servisa. Cilj nam je da pružimo uvid u jedan od načina za uštede, u jednom od segmenata poslovanja javnog servisa. Bavićemo se unapređenjem organizacione strukture kroz stvaranje privatno-javnih partnerstava sa lokalnim medijskim stanicama, kao načina racionalizacije sredstava i puta ka podizanju kapaciteta lokalnih medija i produkcija, a takođe i načina za dostizanje veće finansijske održivosti. Srbija se, kao zemlja kandidat za E, nalazi pred otvaranjem poglavlja putem kojih će biti ispregovarani rokovi za implementaciju evropskog zakonodavstva u pravni sistem Srbije, a i putem kojih će se uvažiti određene specifičnosti sa kojima se zemlja suočava. Među 35 poglavlja koja čekaju Srbiju u okviru pregovora o članstvu u E, poglavlje „Informativno društvo i mediji“ se odnosi, između ostalog, i na funkcionisanje javnog servisa. Međunarodni standard je da svaki javni servis mora imati stabilno finansiranje. Kakvo će biti finasiranje zavisi od zakona svake pojedinačne države. Najbolje je da javni servisi imaju sigurne prihode od pretplate. Iako je to ponekad teško osigurati, kada se pređe na finansiranje direktno iz državnih fondova dolazi se do problema mogućeg upliva političkih struktura na odluke unutar javnog servisa i na njegovu uređivačku politiku, ali i do mogućeg ugrožavanja konkurencije na tržištu. Sa druge strane, kada se pređe na finansiranje isključivo od pretplate, čuju se često predlozi da treba ograničiti prihodovanje javnih servisa od marketinga. Kroz ovaj predlog praktične politike želimo da stavimo naglasak na stvaranje održivog i efikasnog javnog servisa, koji bi omogućio uspešno realizovanje obaveza predviđenih Zakonom o javnim servisu, kao i da predložimo na koji način i kroz koje akcije će ove ideje biti ostvarive u predstojećem periodu.

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