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The article deals with the background and features of the model "service" of the state under decentralization. Analyzed the transition from the customer bureaucratic model of public administration, which is based on service logic operation and development of the general government. In order to implement the model of "service" state proposed a conceptual orientation in public administration sector.
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The experience of the reform of the territorial device in Poland and Slovakia has been described. The experience of the administrative reform in Hungary and Romania has been analyzed. Czech experience in the reform of public administration has been studied. It has been determined that the main objective of the reform is the consolidation of the basic administrative and territorial units for optimization management.
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It has been proved that the key to successful implementation of the decentralization process is the functioning of democratic mechanisms: fair elections, freedom of the press, a strong civil society. At this stage of the Ukrainian government according to the European model of society integrates state to European approaches to effectively manage, use and management of the resource base, optimal use of the potential of local communities.
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The article proved system of training and professional development of public servants under decentralization will require substantial upgrading of their leadership training, improve their professionalism, the daily willingness and ability to competently and responsibly perform administrative functions, implementation of new social technologies for the development of the institutional capacity of the public administration, promote innovation processes in the country, personal maximum efficiency and effectiveness in local communities.
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In this work research the basic trend of decentralization of higher education and models of government regulation of higher education systems in different countries. Foreign experience shows that decentralization improves the efficiency of higher education, and it can improve government regulation of higher education in Ukraine
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Found that the current system of budget funding expenditures of local budgets, which is formed on a sectoral basis, is flawed and needs revision. Defined, decentralization of power while the distribution of authority and responsibility for violation of budget legislation between the control center and the regions is key to providing the financial basis of local government. The mechanism of financial support for local governments, which will consist of three units of local budgets, taxes and charges resource (rent) payments and tax revenues.
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In 2009 election manifesto Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) leaders voiced their decisive support for stronger engagement in international climate negotiations. The promises were realized by an ambitious climate mitigation proposal presented by Prime Minister Hatoyama Yukio at COP 15 in Copenhagen. 25% CO2 levels reduction commitment was heavily criticized by Japanese opposition, METI bureaucrats and business circles. Despite strong domestic opposition Prime Minister Hatoyama decided to place climate mitigation among priorities of his foreign policy. Next DPJ administration quickly backtracked from the position of climate leader. The head of the Japanese delegation at COP 16 in Mexico stated that Japan would not be a part of new Kyoto Protocol commitment period. The aim of the article is to identify changing factors in decision–making process that led to quick change in DPJ’s approach to international climate mitigation efforts.
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Pomoc publiczna udzielana przedsiębiorstwom w Polsce od czasu jej przystąpienia do UE dostosowywała się do zasad obowiązujących w tym ugrupowaniu i prowadzonej przez uprawnione organy polityki kontroli tej pomocy. Kontrolą w Unii objęte są funkcjonujące i wprowadzane programy pomocy. Badana jest ich legalność, czyli zgodność z obowiązującymi regułami traktatowymi, licznymi przepisami prawa wtórnego oraz z wypracowaną w toku stosowania tych zasad interpretacją. Na podstawie wydanych przez Komisję decyzji w sprawach dotyczących pomocy publicznej i sprawozdań z zakresu polityki kontroli tej pomocy można ustalić, jak Polska stosowała zasady przyznawania pomocy i czy jej postępowanie różniło się od zachowań innych państw członkowskich.
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W niniejszym opracowaniu dokonano analizy aktualnych przepisów prawa traktujących o odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych dotyczących środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej, tj. przede wszystkim art. 4, 4a oraz art. 13 Ustawy z 17 grudnia 2004 r. o odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych (dalej: uondfp). W szczególności podjęto próbę wskazania wpływu na porządek finansowoprawny zmian wywołanych Ustawą z 19 sierpnia 2011 r. o zmianie ustawy o odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych oraz niektórych innych ustaw (dalej: ustawa zmieniająca). Autor próbuje udzielić odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy działania ustawodawcy, ukierunkowane na osiągnięcie naczelnego celu, jakim jest poprawa skuteczności eliminowania niezgodnych z prawem zachowań w sferze gospodarowania środkami publicznymi pochodzącymi z Unii Europejskiej, mogą być osiągnięte przy pomocy wprowadzonych w uondfp zmian.
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Purpose: The main aim of our study was to contribute to this increasing body of the regional entrepreneurship literature by a better understanding of the regional entrepreneurial activity in Slovakia as an example of post-communist economy. Design/methodology/approach: We exploit the existing measures of entrepreneurship from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, and we explore the inter-regional differences in the levels of entrepreneurial activity among eight Slovak NUTS 3 regions during years 2011-2015. We also employ the multivariate regression models and empirically investigate the relationship between the business environment and entrepreneurial activity in Slovakia. Findings: The average engagement in entrepreneurship in Slovakia was during the analysed period 16-18% of the economically active population depending on the measure used. The results of multivariate regression models have shown that the overall improvement of the general business environment positively influences the levels of entrepreneurship in Slovakia. Research/practical implications: We believe that such an observation may serve as an encouragement for the further efforts invested in improving business conditions for the established and new Slovak entrepreneurs. We also encourage future researchers to study further other location factors of entrepreneurial activity such as cultural, logistic and socioeconomic variables. Future research might also address the role of entrepreneurial infrastructure and public entrepreneurship and SME policies. Originality/value: The presented study empirically contributes to the body of knowledge on the regional entrepreneurship and the conducted approach towards quantification of the entrepreneurial activity might serve as an inspiration for other scholars.
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Autor koncentruje się na podstawowych zasadach funkcjonowania wyspecjalizowanej części public relations, jaką stanowią relacje z inwestorami. Zjawisko relacji inwestorskich występuje we wszystkich organizacjach, które mają charakter publiczny i posiadają prywatnych interesariuszy. Autor omawia pięć obszarów tematycznych. We wstępie przedstawia wąskie i szerokie definicje relacji inwestorskich oraz typologię podmiotów, których te relacje dotyczą. Pierwszy podrozdział jest poświęcony celom relacji inwestorskich, modelom realizacji tych celów i kluczowym zasadom oceny informacji, mających owe cele realizować. W podrozdziale drugim autor przedstawia adresatów działań podejmowanych w ramach relacji inwestorskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem akcjonariuszy i inwestorów. Multiplikatorzy opinii, istotni w perspektywie relacji inwestorskich, to temat trzeciego podrozdziału. Autor najwięcej uwagi poświęcił instrumentom relacji inwestorskich, opisanym w ostatnim, czwartym podrozdziale. Zalicza się do nich m.in. spotkania różnego typu, raporty, walne zgromadzenia akcjonariuszy i stronę internetową danej organizacji.
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The second year of Donald Trump’s presidency was not a time of breakthroughs orevents of historical significance. However, there have been some signs foreshadowingsignificant changes for the US.After Trump’s two years in office, the economy is still booming, although afteryears of prosperity one could expect slowdown in the nearest future. In domesticpolitics, the President focused on fulfilling his campaign promises and supportingthe Republicans in maintaining the majority in Congress after the midterm elections.The greatest obstacles for accomplishing Trump’s election goals include: growingconflicts between the President and Democrats, problems related to the investigationby the special prosecutor R. Mueller’s commission, instability and rotation at the toppositions in the administration, and the President’s war with the news media.The “America First” approach continued to dominate in the field of foreignpolicy. The President concentrated his efforts on disposing of Obama’s legacy andimplementing initiatives aimed at protecting the interests of the US and of Americancitizens. However, the lack of a clear vision and consistency in foreign policy,disputes within the administration, a stiffer position and tightening of dialogue withforeign partners led to a further drop in confidence and loss of US credibility on theinternational arena.In general, in fulfilling the vision of Making America Great Again, D. Trump usesmethods and means which are far from the standards previously known in Americanpolitics. As a result, the nature of American domestic and foreign policy is changing.It is an open question, however, whether the processes will prove permanent, to whatextent, and, if so, how will it affect the US political system and international order.
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The object of the article is the award of the public procurement in compliance with the principles of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and more specially the ones for free movements of goods, freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services and mutual recognition. From them comprise other principles, which are explicitly mentioned in Art. 2 in the Public Procurement Act – among them is the principle of free competition and this is the subject of this research. The purpose is to analyze the significance of the principle of free competition in public procurement award procedures both in the spending of public funds and for the successful management and implementation of the growth, sustainability, convergence and competitive development policies of the regions.
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Turkey has developed into the sending, transiting and receiving position in regard of migration throughout the republic’s history. These characteristics have differed from time to time depending on the global migration trends. In the early period of the republic, ethnic concerns became the main influence of the policies. Like the other contemporary nation states, Turkey used migration as an instrument of “homogenization” and building the nation-state (Kirişçi, 2007; Erder, 2007, p:6). İskan Kanunu (settlement law), issued in 1934, is important to show a typical policy of the early period. Turkey maintained the iskân kanunu and was in force until recently. The iskan kanunu deteremined that only the Turks or people of Turkic origins including the Muslims coming from the ex-territories of the Ottoman Empire were accepted as an “immigrant” (İçduygu, 2007, p: 206).
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First of all, it is essential to point out the importance of the cooperation with the neighboring countries. Solely the protection of European Union's (hereinafter EU) borders cannot be successful unless neighboring countries cooperate in the fields of irregular migration and the fight against cross-border criminality and terrorism. In order to do this, the EU should offer a certain level of compensatory measures that incentivize such cooperation, such as economic privileges or visa facilitation. As an incentivizing measure, the EU recently signed readmission agreements with its neighboring countries and offered economic advantages, such as access to the single market, free trade agreements or the possibility of easier visa acquisition, which can be considered a "realistic option".
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Since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in the spring of 2011, the number of Syrian nationals seeking refuge within the borders of Turkey has surged, and the recent intensified threat of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has only caused the number of Syrians fleeing to Turkey for safety to rise further. Today, Turkey hosts more Syrians than any other country in the world; according to official United Nations Refugee Association (UNHCR) registration statistics as of April 10, 2015, there are 1,758,092 registered Syrians in Turkey (UNHCR 2015) although estimates among academics, representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and others predict the actual number of Syrians in the country as closer to 2.5 million. However, the legal status of Syrians in Turkey is unique. Not legally recognized as refugees due to Turkey’s historic and current migration policies, Syrians in Turkey are considered as ‘guests’ in the country and remain here under the legal status of temporary protection. Although this status provides for many basic rights - including shelter, food, education, medical support and the possibility of employment - Syrians often remain uninformed of and unable to access their rights-based provisions. Additionally, as the governmental and societal discourse of ‘guests’ suggests, Syrians are expected to be ‘hosted’ by the Turkish government and society and subsequently return home. Although governmental policy and many Turkish humanitarian aid-based NGOs continue to convey this discourse of Syrians as ‘guests’ under temporary protection, Turkish society is becoming tense - the Syrian ‘guests’ have overstayed their welcome.
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France has among the European countries one of the longest tradition of receiving immigrants (Freeman, 1994) and was considered for long time as one of the model countries of incorporation of immigrants. France has represented the model called “assimilation”, i.e. the attitude that gives to immigrants all the civic rights very quickly, but in exchange it’s expected that they will give up their cultural particularities and that they will in some sort “forget” from where they come (Seidlová, 2008).
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Bu makale, Ankara Anlaşması olarak bilinen Avrupa Topluluğu Ortaklık Anlaşması’dan (European Community Association Agreement - ECAA) Britanya’da yararlanan kişilerle yapılan görüşmeler neticesinde şekillendirilmiştir. Ankara Anlaşması yoluyla oturum almanın, göçün değişen karakteri ve göç etmeyi zorlaştıran düzenlemeler bağlamında “yeni bir göç yolu” olduğu makalenin iddialarından birisidir. Makalede üzerinde durulacak bir başka husus ise, göçe sebep olan çatışmaların göçten sonra da başka şekillerde devam ettiği ve bunun da insan hareketliliğini artırdığı görüşüdür.
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The multidimensional health crisis that broke out in late 2019 and early 2020, amid the transition from the epidemic of Sars-CoV -2 virus that initially appeared in China, to the pandemic generated by the same virus, had multiple implications in almost all areas of activity. The restriction of citizens' rights and freedoms has had profound economic implications, upsetting the social and legal order. The effects of coronavirus disease (COVID 19) caused by the virus, materialized in the overcrowding of health facilities, overwork of medical staff, the suffering of those who contracted the disease or loss of life, did not prevent some citizens from denying the danger, often generating riots against protection measures. initiated at the level of all states of the world. In Romania, as in most countries of the world, restrictive measures have been imposed to prevent the spread of the virus, measures to support the affected sectors of activity, but also measures to adapt activities to the new epidemiological context, such as teleworking, where this was possible, or online school. The procedures by which state bodies have implemented measures to limit the spread of the virus and the way in which the social reaction against the measures ordered by the State, viewed from a criminological perspective, can be briefly analyzed in terms of political crime, this being a type of crime widely debated in the literature.
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The crises generated by the Covid-19 pandemic have become a major problem in front of which the states have started to reflect their interests as well as possible. Developments in this area are aimed at deepening bilateral and multilateral cooperation in various areas affected by global crises. The dynamics of international relations were mainly due to the adaptation of regulations to changes in interdependent relations between states and the diversification of their concerns, including for contemporary challenges such as those given by pandemics. Instruments specific to public international law are brought into the spotlight in cases such as pandemic prevention, preparedness and response or in areas such as artificial intelligence or financial technologies. In the face of these challenges, public international law manifests its regulatory function. However, not all states react at the same rate. It is difficult to predict how and if this goal will be achieved, so we will follow the significant developments in the near future. To make this article we used a fundamental research method (directed for the purpose of knowledge) on the part of research that identifies relevant issues, with prospective ramifications and identification of features that promote the coherence of hypotheses. The notions we referred to will be exposed by using the most efficient methods, such as exploratory, descriptive but also explanatory.
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