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Culture as education: From transmediality to transdisciplinary pedagogy

Author(s): Maarja Ojamaa,Peeter Torop,Aleksandr Fadeev,Alexandra Milyakina,Tatjana Pilipoveca,Merit Rickberg / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

For the past three years, the Transmedia Research Group at the Department of Semiotics, University of Tartu, has been developing open access online materials for supporting the teaching of humanities-related subjects in Estonian - and Russian language secondary schools. This paper maps the theoretical and conceptual starting points of these materials. The overarching goal of the educational platforms is to support cultural coherence and autocommunication by cultivating literacies necessary for holding meaningful dialogues with cultural heritage. To achieve the goal, the authors have been seeking ways of purposeful harnessing of transmedial, crossmedial and other tools offered by the contemporary digital communication space. We have started with an understanding of culture as education – a model which is grounded in cultural semiotics and highlights the role of cultural experience and cultural self-description in learning literacies. From these premises we proceed to explicating the value of a transdisciplinary pedagogy for methodical translation of the theoretical concepts into practical solutions in teaching and learning culture.

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Effectiveness of virtual psychological counseling programs during the (COVID-19) pandemic

Author(s): Kamal Aldhmour,Sulaiman Almasarweh,Sabrin Abdelaty Labib Abdelaty,Nashwa A. Younis,Osaima Sabri Al-Qaralleh,Rana Ibrahim El-Bashabsheh / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of a virtual psychological counseling program to activate psychological immunity during the Coronavirus pandemic among students of Mutah University in Jordan. The program was implemented during the second semester of 2019-2020 on a sample of 30 students over 6 weeks period. The results indicated a presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the psychological immunity scale after applying the virtual psychological counseling program in favor of the experimental group and between the mean scores of the experimental group before and after the implementation of the counseling program in favor of the post-measurement, the results showed that the members of the experimental group retained the effect after the follow-up measurement after 30 days from the end of the program of the psychological immunity program.

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Performance-Based Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment and Player Experience in a 2D Digital Game: A Controlled Experiment

Author(s): Nigel Robb,Bo Zhang / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) in digital games involves altering the difficulty of a game based on real-time feedback from the player. Some approaches to DDA use measurements of player performance, such as success rate or score. Such performance-based DDA systems aim to provide a bespoke level of challenge to each player, so that the game is neither too hard nor too easy. Previous research on performance-based DDA shows that it is linked to better player performance but finds mixed results in terms of player experience (e.g., enjoyment). Also, while the concept of flow is regarded as an important aspect of digital game experience, little research has considered the effects of performance-based DDA on flow. We conducted an experiment on the effects of performance-based DDA on player performance, enjoyment, and experience of flow in a digital game. 221 participants played either the DDA version of the game, a control version (difficulty remained constant), or an incremental version (difficulty increased regardless of performance). Results show that the DDA group performed significantly better. However, there were no significant differences in terms of enjoyment or experience of flow.

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Gender, Stress, Satisfaction, and Persistence: The Complex State of Digital Games as Leisure

Author(s): Christine Tomlinson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Digital games have long been investigated for links to negative influences, but they exert arange of impacts on players. A variety of factors can contribute to stressful experiences in play, including game content, player interactions, and gender. This project uses qualitative methods to better understand how players experience and perceive these stressors and why they persist despite them. There are a surprising number of ways that players’ experiences align in spite of gender. Players encounter stress with both design and social experiences, are inclined to “rage quit” if stressors are substantial enough, and are increasingly averse to toxic communities. However, there are also gender-specific experiences. Men are much more concerned with the skillsets of other players, while women worry about their own performance. Further, these experiences of stress complicate our understandings of distress and eustress, with players less motivated by stressors than they are by the anticipated future relief from distress.

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Fortnite as Bildungsspiel? Battle Royale Games and Sacrificial Rites

Author(s): Renata E. Ntelia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article examines the online multi-player game Fortnite: Battle Royale as a modern-day representation of sacrificial rites. It is argued that Fortnite: Battle Royale constitutes a simulation of a sacrificial rite due to its gameplay mechanics. In the game, the players need to kill each other off and come out victorious. As such, the players need to recognise themselves in opposition to others, exterminate those others, and sacrifice their innocence in the process. As conceptualised by R. Girard, this experience of a sacrificial rite constitutes a form of social education and conditioning. Such experiences are predominantly represented in the genre of Bildungsroman: coming-of-age stories that concern a literal or metaphorical rite of passage from childhood to adulthood. In Fortnite: Battle Royale, the psychological effect of this conditioning is amplified due to the medium-specific affordance of having the player as both the spectator and the spectacle of the sacrifice; namely, the player watches themselves being offered as a sacrifice while trying to overcome the trial. In this regard, Fortnite: Battle Royale follows and expands on the tradition of the Bildungsroman establishing a new take on the genre that is thereby termed Bildungsspiel – a coming-of-age game.

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Pen & Paper & Xerox: Early History of Tabletop RPGs in Czechoslovakia

Author(s): Michal Kabát,Juraj Kovalčík,Alexandra Kukumbergová,Radek Richtr / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The study presents preliminary research focused on the history of tabletop role-playing games (RPGs) in the former Czechoslovakia, especially Dungeons & Dragons (1974) and its local clone Dračí doupě (transl. Dragon’s Lair, 1990). Based on theoretical literature, period sources and semi-structured interviews with first-generation players, it gives an overview of the first contacts with RPG in the specific post-communist cultural and economic context, focusing on the distribution and reception of Dragon’s Lair, mainly in the Slovak part of the former common state. As a partial outcome of an ongoing research into the local gaming experience, the focus is not on the game itself or its commercial success, but rather on its players, their characteristics and initial experiences with tabletop RPGs in the early 1990s.

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TREACHEROUS PLAY

Author(s): František Rigo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: CARTER, M.: Treacherous Play. London, Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press, 2022. 141 p. ISBN 978-0-262-046312.

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RESIDENT EVIL VILLAGE

Author(s): Klaudia Jancsovics / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: CAPCOM: Resident Evil Village (PlayStation 4 version). [digital game]. Osaka : Capcom, 2021.

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THE TRANSLATION OF REALIA AND IRREALIA IN GAME LOCALIZATION: CULTURE-SPECIFICITY BETWEEN REALISM AND FICTIONALITY

Author(s): Mária Koscelníková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: PETTINI, S.: The Translation of Realia and Irrealia in Game Localization: Culture-Specificity between Realism and Fictionality. London, New York, NY : Routledge, 2022. 231 p. ISBN 978-0-367-43232-4.

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Cortana: (Un)finished Journey from NPC to Virtual Ambassador?

Author(s): Zdenko Mago / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Since 2001, Cortana has originally been a fictional non-playable character (NPC) appearing in Microsoft’s game series flagship, Halo1, specifically in games in which Master Chief is the main protagonist, and considered one of the most important parts of the entire franchise storyline.

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BİR ÇAĞDAŞ MİT ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK COVİD-19’A DÖNÜK ELEKTRONİK KÜLTÜR ORTAMINDAKİ KOMPLO TEORİLERİ, SÖYLENTİLER VE İDDİALAR

Author(s): Fatma Akin Çelebi / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 37/2022

People living in the primitive period define many events in nature (lightning, earthquake, flood, etc.) as divine knowledge. Apart from this, the question of "Where did humanity come from, how did the world come to be, is the world eternal, what will happen at the end of the world?" etc. There are answers that he finds and produces while searching for answers to questions. These answers met the information needs of archaic people. Today, just as science and technology meet the information needs of modern people, the people living in the primitive period also met this need with myths that we will define as divine knowledge. Research on myth shows that contemporary myths continue to be formed today. The need of modern people for the esoteric knowledge and power offered by myth continues beyond the limitations of time. It is seen that today's myths concentrate on interesting and uncertain subjects. UFO narratives, Lake Van monster, etc. narratives are narratives of the modern myth type. Today, in the media and on some pages that are known to share information on the internet (Ekşi Sözlük, Uludağ Dictionary, etc.), there are allegations that the corona virus was produced in a laboratory environment, that the superpowers used this virus as a biological weapon, and that it was a punishment or warning to people who defy God. Claims made about the corona virus can also be considered as such mythical narratives. The functions of myth, such as filling a gap in human life, answering a question, and creating an ideal of behavior, are also seen in the claims made about the corona virus. When these claims are evaluated in the context of the factual transformation of myth, it can be argued that these are contemporary myths produced by modern man. The study questions not the reality of the columns, rumors and claims about the coronavirus, selected by the sampling method seen in the electronic culture environment, but whether these claims can be considered as a modern time myth.

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Медийният клипинг – баланс между права и недобросъвестна търговска практика

Author(s): Diliana Kirkovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2022

Media clipping in all its variants is paid supplying to certain clients of copyrighted journalistic materials. Journalists are content creators and being authors they transfer their copyrights to publishers of periodicals or to producers. Their use for commercial purposes by companies that provide media clipping as a paid service raises the question of how regulated its use as database is. The legal protection is considered from the point of view of copy and related rights of publishers and the violation of the principles of competition.

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Oбръщението на религиозните водачи като жанр: специфика и структурни компоненти

Author(s): Elenitsa Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2022

Religious leaders have become important partners in finding solutions to the COVID-19 crisis. Their statements are part of the "influential speech", and their opinion influences the media agenda. The main research problem of this article are the publications containing the religious messages, considered as a radio genre, on the Internet portal of the Bulgarian National Radio. The increased presence of the religious speech in the media is a confirmation of the importance that journalists attach to this genre - short and monologue in its nature, emotionally charged, called to spread values and views.

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Sources and Impact of Non- and Post-Truth Situations

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Sources and Impact of Non- and Post-Truth Situations

Author(s): Michel Wieviorka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Post-truth and fake news are part of the contemporary age and they are a new phenomenon, connected with a deep crisis of universal values and important changes in social life and in culture, changes leading to important aberrations, including of memory and history. This is highly visible in political representation; and it leads to relativism that tries to appear as truth. The article distinguishes here between warlike relativism ‒ my truth against your truth, and ecumenical relativism ‒ all truths are acceptable; the author emphasizes the responsibility of the elites with respect to such issues.

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Public service broadcasting in Serbia – challenges and perspectives from the professionals’ point of view .

Author(s): Ljubica Lj. Krminac / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2022

This paper presents the results of a part of research into the manner in which the employees of the Serbian Broadcasting Corporation (hereinafter: the SBC) see and understand their social roles, functionality and idiosyncrasies of this media company, as public service broadcasting (hereinafter: PSB). This paper is focused on operational-level editors at the SBC and their perception of the functions and principles of PSB, as well as the implementation of such roles and principles through various forms of programming content. Empirical research, conducted by means of the focus group method, has shown that editors play a significant role in creating content and that they are fully aware of the roles of PSB. However, they are not entirely familiar with its principles. The research has demonstrated a significant discrepancy between the official editorial policies of the SBC and the views of respondents-editors regarding editorial policies of PSB.

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LA RECHERCHE QUALITATIVE, PREMIER PAS DANS L’OUVERTURE D’UN SYSTÈME STABLE

Author(s): Ana Tudoran / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

A qualitative research inspired by the dynamics of the interaction between Romanian professionals in the cultural sector and their French and German colleagues revealed numerous factors that influence the international communication. Thirty-two interviews were taken and for their analysis, a comparative approach was adopted. The thematic analysis of the collected interviews disclosed the differences between the ancient and the new member states of the European Union, as well as between the Europe above and the Europe below. In this qualitative research the new, sometimes sensitive information provided by the professionals, gave the opportunity to the researcher to observe the anomalies and the dysfunctions in the international communication. This methodology allows therefore to generate debates about possible changes in a socio-political system.

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Trends in Digital Marketing in the Context of Information Society Development

Author(s): Valentyna Shevchenko,Iryna V. Taranenko,Svitlana Yaremenko,Tetiana Mishustina,Oleksandr Poprotskyy,Anastasiia Mostova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article examines the trends of digital marketing in the context of information society development. Under the influence of informatization of society, the spread of innovative development of the economic environment are transformed all its components, including changing approaches to marketing, which uses more and more digital opportunities to increase its efficiency. In society, specific relationships are formed associated with the search, receipt, transmission, production and dissemination of information using information technology. Under the influence of informatization of society, the contemporary consumer and his requirements are changing, which is reflected in marketing activities. The reaction to the growing role of social networks and communities in consumer buying behavior was the formation of crowd marketing. Digital marketing is a contemporary tool for promoting a product, brand or brand through digital channels, and also uses a number of techniques that allow you to reach your target audience even in an offline environment. Digital marketing means that consumers, customers or society at large can access any information they need. Today, digital marketing is becoming an increasingly important tool for promoting almost any type of product compared to traditional marketing.

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Research note

Author(s): Lyubov Bobchynets / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The research note deals with the analysis of lexico-semantic means used in the creation of the pun, such as homonymy, polysemy, and also morphological and syntactical means including re-grouping of syllables inside the phrase. Research material comprises puns by the Spanish author Caco Santacruz about the inhabitants of La Gomera Island. The aim of the article is to reveal lexico-semantic ways of creation of the author’s jokes based on the use of the pun. Therefore, the definition of the pun in multilingual resources has been analysed. To reveal the ambiguity, the context in which the pun is used is needed, which we define as a communicative situation of ambiguity created by the author to reach the humorous effect. Most of the analysed jokes contain a dialogue of two people who understand the meaning of the phrase in their own way, creating an apparent misunderstanding based on polysemy or homonymy. The regrouping of syllables and polysemic grammatical meaning of prepositions are among the morphological and syntactical means of pun creation. The means of making a pun used by Santacruz include pseudo-words or pseudonyms, based on the creation of new words by analogy in terms of word-formation to reach the humorous effect. Future studies of the use of the pun as a source of humour may be focused on the analysis of linguistic means of pun creation on the material of other European languages in order to reveal the common patterns of pun creation and differences conditioned by linguistic peculiarities of the correspondent language systems. The term “pun context” may be applied to further studies of ambiguity created by the author.

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Hideous or hilarious?

Author(s): Justyna Jajszczok / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article compares disgust as defined by the Parasite Avoidance Theory (PAT) and humourexplained through the Benign Violation Theory (BVT) in order to analyse whether their affinitycould be explained by analogous evolutionary conditioning. Both disgust and humour can beseen as specific, involuntary reactions toward particular triggers, and both may be connectedwith certain types of violations, particularly violations of body and violations of social norms.Moreover, disgust-sensitivity and humour-sensitivity are assumed to be largely dependent onpersonal circumstances and thus very difficult to predict before exposure to triggers. Accordingto these theories, the fundamental difference between disgust and humour is that while thesuccess of the latter is predicated on its benignness, the former must necessarily appearmalignant enough to elicit the desired effect. The final part of the article is a case study of a“disgusting” joke by British comedian Jimmy Carr, in which various violations recognised byPAT and BVT are analysed.

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Joke identification, comprehension and appreciation by Spanish intermediate ESL learners:

Author(s): Santiago Arróniz Parra,Manuel Padilla Cruz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This paper reports on an exploratory study examining joke identification, appreciation andcomprehension by Spanish intermediate ESL learners. The study is based on a relevance-theoreticclassification of jokes, which assumes that humorousness results from manipulation of three parameters:make-sense frames, cultural information and utterance interpretation. It firstly ascertains whetherSpanish ESL learners recognise orally-delivered samples of seven types of purportedly jocular texts.Secondly, it examines whether these learners actually regard such texts as comical and why. Finally, itlooks into the learners’ interpretative problems in order to single out which joke type(s) is/are morechallenging. The study relies on quantitative and qualitative data elicited through an onlinequestionnaire comprising four tasks. The results indicate no correlation between joke identification andappreciation, and independence of successful joke recognition from sophisticated interpretative skills.Jokes involving invalidation of an activated make-sense frame were most easily identified and foundmost funny, but jokes exploiting cancellation of an initial, seemingly plausible, interpretation posed moredifficulties.

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