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Научният Еверест - мечта или реалност

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian

The academic forum “Literature of the Recent Past (1944-1989)”, organized by the Faculty of Philology at the South West University, combined the efforts of literary theorists of several generations to reflect on that part of Bulgaria’s recent past which has already turned into history. However, this history has not been completed yet in a comprehensive and objective manner. The aim of the forum was to create the proper discourse in which the history of literary theory writing will be attributed a multifaceted pluralistic ring. The project was a part of the attempt to reveal the Bulgarian literary history not only from the point of view “the history of generals”, but from the perspective of cultural identity manifestations on a national scale.

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TRANSPARENTNOST PARLAMENTA CRNE GORE

Author(s): Nataša Ružić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Istorija je pokazala da su već prvi vladari pokušavali upravljati građanima koristeći različita komunikaciona sredstva. Shvatajući značaj komunikacije, Gaius Julius Caesar osnovao je prvu zidnu novinu Acta Senatus sa ciljem obavje- štavanja javnosti o radu i odlukama Senata. Potreba za informisanjem građana i kontrolom rada političkih institucija vremenom se samo pojačavala. Tako su se sredinom XVII vijeka u Engleskoj pojavili prvi politički nedjeljnici, koji su ne samo izvještavali o radu parlamenta, već i kritikovali parlamentarne rasprave. Tačnije, od novembra 1641. godine objavljuju se izvještaji o raspravama u parlamentu koji, u zavisnosti od teme rasprave, dobijaju naziv Diurnall Occurrences, A Perfect Diurnall of the Passages in Parliament. Diurnall su zapravo objavljivali nezvaničnu informaciju dobijenu od članova parlamenta. Novina se ogledala u tome da su se u nedjeljnicima mogle pročitati međupartijske rasprave skupštinskih domova (Gocini, 2001:51). John Birkenhead je otišao korak dalje i osnovao nedeljnik Mercurius Aulicus radi napada na lidere parlamentarnog pokreta. U želji da se obračuna sa političkim neistomišljenicima, ponekad je koristio čak i klevete. Kasnije su osnivani politički listovi koji su se prvenstveno borili protiv vlasti i za slobodu štampe.

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RUSSIA’S GRAND STRATEGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORDIC-BALTIC REGION

Author(s): Ieva Bērziņa,Māris Cepurītis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The general task of the project ‘Russia’s (Dis)Information Activities Against the Nordic-Baltic Region’ is to provide an assessment of Russia’s influence on the information environment of the Nordic-Baltic countries (NB8). An analysis of the information environment requires a comprehensive understanding of the major elements of Russia’s grand strategy and their impact on the region, because the information environment reflects all major spheres of interaction between the NB8 countries and Russia. For the purpose of this study, the grand strategy is defined as the integrated use of all military and non-military means to pursue the interests of the state in the international system.4 What are Russia’s interests, and what implications do they have for the NB8 region in general—and for its information environment in particular? How do these interests translate into narratives promoted by Russia? To answer these questions, an analysis of the following documents has been conducted: Russia’s Concept of Foreign Policy (2016), Russia’s Military Doctrine (2014), Russia’s National Security Strategy (2015), and Russia’s Information Security Doctrine (2016). To understand the meaning of the documents, they are viewed in the context of actual events, research data, and the rhetoric of Russia’s top officials. The study is structured around four dimensions of analysis: political, military, economic, and informational. These dimensions cover all major power instruments that states use to advance their national interests. The political dimension includes such areas of influence as diplomacy, geopolitics, and involvement in the domestic policies of foreign states.

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LANDSCAPING THE MEDIA MARKET AND IDEOLOGICAL POSITIONING

Author(s): Igor Munteanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

News-making is a powerful instrument for shaping public sentiment. We have attempted to map the Moldovan media in order to highlight its variety. Three factors were considered in positioning the various media outlets on the chart: (1) Are the media outlets state owned or privately owned? (2) Do they broadcast in Russian or in Romanian? (3) Do they use cultural/ geopolitical framing? Ownership data is publicly available, but the rest of the information was gleaned by surveying the editorial line of each media outlet.

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CASE STUDY: LATE-NIGHT SHOWS ON PERVIY KANAL AND DISCREDITATION OF WESTERN POLITICAL LEADERS

Author(s): Sigita Struberga / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This case study looks at how Russian television uses humour as a support mechanism for strategic communications with its audience, specifically on the issue of Western leaders, and endeavours to determine the essence of the core message. To do this, various Russian Perviy Kanal (Первый Канал/ Channel One) entertainment broadcasts specializing in comedy will be analysed.

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CASE STUDY: KVN

Author(s): Solvita Denisa-Liepniece / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This case study examines the KVN (Klub Vesyeliykh i Nakhodchivikh) TV show. This is the “post-1991 version of the Soviet-era show KVN, which achieved cult status among students, spawning a nationwide competition with teams from every Soviet republic competing against each other in leagues, forming panels of experts with socio-political satire skills”. KVN could be considered a phenomenon, having extended beyond being a TV show, it presents concerts in cities and runs local competitions in schools.

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USE OF HUMOUR FOR SOLIDARITY, DENIGRATION AND STRESS-RELIEF IN THE UKRAINIAN MEDIA DURING THE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION IN 2014-2016

Author(s): Maksym Kyiak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ukraine is a unique case for study as far as the use of humour as a strategic communication tool is concerned. Russia launched a massive information war against another country. During the first months after the annexation of Crimea and the war in Eastern Ukraine, there was no unified or coordinated approach to countering Russian propaganda. Furthermore, during the first phases of the war, civil and military volunteers, and the Ukrainian diaspora took the place of the official Ukrainian authorities in countering Russia’s information attacks. A horizontally organized, post-Euromaidan Ukrainian civil society had to combat Russia’s vertically constructed propaganda machine. That horizontally structured civil society provided such functions of humour as solidarity (belongingness) and stress-relief. As the information war progressed, Ukraine, a country with no real experience in counterpropaganda and with restricted financial capacity, had to learn how to fight back, literally from square one. That is why Ukraine counterpropaganda and use of humour were and still are more a product of a variety of independent and spontaneous initiatives, rather than a systemic approach. Nevertheless, the diverse landscape of humour in the Ukrainian media provides a rich source of information for the case study.

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Author(s): Ivars Austers,Jurģis Škilters,Žaneta Ozoliņa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Humour is a universal concept that has been analysed within different disciplines of social sciences. The study presented by a group of scholars aims to elaborate a multidisciplinary methodological framework that can be applied in the analysis of humour, particularly if researchers or practitioners are confronted with very large sets of data, as well as to the construction of humorous messages for strategic communication purposes. The methodological framework is not a template to follow when generating humorous stories or jokes, but rather a collection of the most relevant attributes of humour that can be combined in different groupings to achieve the initial strategic goal. In order to test the functioning of the methodological framework and identify its strengths and weaknesses, three case studies were conducted. The first case study, on the discrediting of Western political leaders in late-night shows broadcast by the central Russian TV channels, identified humour as a massive propaganda tool aimed at national and international audiences. The second case study dealt with KVN (Klub Vesyeliykh i Nakhodchivikh) which is a TV-show and competition broadcast since the early 1970s. While the third case, focusing on the use of humour by the Ukrainian media, provides rich evidence on humour as a tool of counter-propaganda. The Ukrainian case also serves as an example of the role of humour in a situation of on-going information warfare. The following conclusions and recommendations were identified from the analyses of the three case studies.

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MEDIJI

Author(s): Amer Džihana / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U poglavlju se opisuju osnovne karakteristike medijskog sistema Bosne i Hercegovine. Neprestano se ukazuje na jaz između zakonskih odredbi, koje u pravilu sublimiraju najnaprednija svjetska rješenja, i stvarnosti u kojoj mediji djeluju, a koja je snažno određena post-konfliktnom i tranzicijskom prirodom bosanskohercegovačkog društva. U prvom dijelu razmatra se opći regulatorni okvir za elektronske i štampane medije, zatim se, u drugoj sekciji, opisuje medijsko tržište. U trećem se dijelu portretiraju osnovne karakteristike medijskih sloboda kao i odgovornosti novinara i medija u BiH. U zaključnom razmatranju, snažno se zagovara prevazilaženje postojeće diskrepancije između „idealnog“ zakonskog okvira i nezadovoljavajućih praksi implementacije.

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Historia języka polskiego – subdyscyplina polimetodologiczna

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author presents the history of scientific reflection on the history of the Polish language situated in the context of positivist, structuralist, communicative and cultural-cognitivist paradigm in turn. In the closing remarks he highlights the polymethodology of the Polish language history, proving that the scientific paradigms coexisting on that ground today might remain in a nonantagonistic complementary relation, due to the fact that each of them might dominate a certain fragment of the history of the language as a heterogenous and multiperspective discipline.

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O kierunkach genologicznych transformacji – w poszukiwaniu zmian w przestrzeni kształtowania się komunikacji społecznej

Author(s): Danuta Ostaszewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with research into the process of evolution of speech genres and attempts to reflect the stages of the transformation of forms of expression representing mass communication since the beginning of its functioning until the present day. Thus, the author focused on a press release as a genre that already appeared in the oldest Polish newspaper, in “Merkuriusz”. The observation covered two stages of the development of the newspaper – the beginning – the seventeenth century and the end: contemporary times. Such an approach towards the text material helped the author compile and compare the constitutive features of the seventeenth-century press messages with the properties which the contemporary definitions and studies ascribe to this genre, and which are important for its development. Conclusions reflecting the evolution of the studied genres are supported by the fact that these periods were milestones in the development of the Polish press – the analysis included to a large extent the specificity of the state of development of the formal and technical means: in the seventeenth century the invention of printing and modernization of post offices were the state-of-the-art technologies, while nowadays these are the technical revolution and the internet.

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Onomastyka literacka wobec tekstologii i teorii dyskursu – perspektywa historyczna

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the paper are proper names appearing in Old-Polish idyll and noble poetry. Proper names in idyll and noble poetry prove certain similarities. In both domains appear topic names and – in different shape – realistic or authentic ones. In Old-Polish idyll the conventional proper names perform poetic function, constitute the context for described situations or created scenes, in which significant part concerns the body and sexual spheres of a human being life. On the other hand the noble discourse uses the topic names in the negative aspect and the background of the main idea of the discourse, which means the apology of life consistent with nature valorizing country life.

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Selected Essays by Young Authors (Vol. 2)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This is the second collection of selected essays by the authors who attended the courses and seminars the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia organized in 2005. Within the tree-year project “Building up Democracy and Good Governance in Multiethnic Communities” that is being implemented with the assistance of the European Union, twenty-four 5-day “Schools of democracy” and sixteen 3-day seminars under the common title “Life and Living in Multiethnic Environments” were held in 2004 and 2005 in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Novi Pazar. Over 1000 trainees attended these courses and seminars. The project is aimed at capacitating young people - by the means of attractive courses of training - not only for a life in multiethnic communities that are particularly burdened with the adverse experience of the recent past, mutual distrust and stereotypes, but also for a life in the conditions that mark a modern democracy and reflect its standards. An objective as such implies, among other things, rational perception of notions, developments and trends that are in Serbia still blurred, marginalized and subject to relativism or, moreover, to various and even misguiding interpretations. The Helsinki Committee’s experience testifies this is all about a process that takes time but is worthy of effort - the more so since young people, as evidenced by the selected writings as well, fully perceive it as an imperative need of their own.

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LJUDSKA PRAVA I ODGOVORNOST - Srbija 2003 -

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian

Ubistvo premijera Zorana Đinđića obeležilo je ne samo celu 2003. godinu, već će, sudeći po razvoju situacije u Srbiji, predstavljati istorijsko raskršće za Srbiju: za ili protiv Evrope. Ubistvom reformskog premijera, ne samo da su zaustavljene reforme i prekinuta saradnja sa Haškim tribunalom, već je otvoren put radikalizaciji Srbije, što su potvrdili i vanredni parlamentarni izbori. Nesposobnost i nespremnost DOS da napravi diskontinuitet sa Miloševićevim politikom, posebno ratnom, otvorilo je put restauraciji regime anciene i ubedljivoj pobedi njegovih predstavnika na vanrednim parlamentarnim izborima. Od ubistva premijera Zorana Đinđića do parlamentarnih izbora ostvareni su skoro u celosti ciljevi puzećeg puča, uprkos pokušaju međunarodne zajednice da održi kurs reformi kroz, pre svega, prijem SCG u članstvo Saveta Evrope već tokom vanrednog stanja. Sve aktivnosti ujedinjenih snaga (cela opozicija, većina nevladinih organizacija i medija) bile su usmerene na obaranje vlade i njenu kompromitaciju. Na izborima su pobedile one snage koje su zbog rešavanja "nacionalnog pitanja" odlagale tranziciju i demokratizaciju društva. Zbog istrošenosti i poraza nacionalnog projekta, kao i zbog sprečavanja stvaranja alternative, konzervativna srpska elita našla je novi oslonac populističke politike u produkciji afera i skandala. Njihov cilj nisu bile ekonomske reforme već diskvalifikacija protivnika, što je potpuno devalviralo stvarnu borbu protiv korupcije, kao i same reforme. Pobeda SRS i DSS garancija je da će se kurs nastaviti, što se prelama preko debate o novom ustavu, rešavanju kosovskog i vojvođanskog pitanja, saradnji sa Haškim tribunalom, odnosu prema državnoj zajednici i odbijanju suočavanja sa neposrednom prošlošću. Radikalizacija politike u Beogradu dodatno destabilizije, ne samo zemlju, već i ceo region.

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Annual Report: Serbia 2007 - Self-Isolation - Reality and the Goal

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The international community’s intervention put an end to two decades of massive violation of human rights (genocide, war crimes, persecution, torture, etc.) in the Balkans. The international community also set up the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia to impose non-impunity and justice. Unfortunately, the end of massive and brutal violation of human rights did not result in adequate punishment of crimes. The process of establishment of a legal frame that would incorporate relevant international human rights documents is slow-paced and meets a number of obstacles – from both local and international players. Almost ten years after the intervention, it is still disputable whether the endeavor to protect human rights has actually promoted the human rights concept as imperative for a modern, democracy-oriented society. Serbia’s experience – but also that of neighboring countries – clearly indicates that such an ambitious plan necessitates decades of commitment. Some progress has been made in Serbia that – under the pressure from the international community but also from domestic actors – had to sign all relevant international conventions and regulate the domain of human rights under the Constitution and a number of laws.

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Human Rights in Serbia in 2012: POPULISM: ENTROPY OF DEMOCRACY (Abridged version)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

EU strategic decision on Serbia’s candidacy is crucial for the country’s further movement towards European integrations. Had it not been for it, Serbia’s poor democratic potential would have been trapped by its strong, populist right-wing. The Serbian society is still incapable to definitely opt for a substantive, democratic transformation and fulfillment of the Copenhagen criteria. Regardless of all the pressures to which it has probably been exposed, the political pivot’s, the Democratic Party’s, failure to progress more towards Europeanization testifies of its lack of states manly leadership and inability for a political U-turn. Having radicalized the Kosovo issue Belgrade has undermined its standing in EU. Mainstream political and intellectual elites do not look to the future. Serbia needs to take stock of its situation. The society’s un-readiness to cope with the past plays into the hands of the political right and its attempts at blocking Serbia’s Euro-Atlantic integration. Rather than accept the reality, the political elite is autistic and trapped by self-pity. As long as its elite role-plays a victim Serbia will not be able to work constructively on its future and the future of the region.

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Turkish Migration 2016 Selected Papers

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Turkish Migration 2016 - Selected Papers - Compiled by Deniz Eroglu, Jeffrey H. Cohen, Ibrahim Sirkeci offers a selection of papers presented at the Migration Conference 2016 held in Vienna, Austria. The pieces collected here are just a sample of the work that was presented at the 2016 Turkish Migration conference. Our meeting, the 4th symposium on Turkish migration, brought together scholars from around the globe to share their research and debate mobility. As in our earlier symposia, we explored demography, sociology, culture and art as they are related to mobility. New this year was an increasing awareness of the “return” of Turks to Turkey from Germany, the challenges faced by Syrian refugees who have settled in Turkey or are passing through the country on their way to Europe as well as issues facing Kurdish minorities, Roma and other minority groups living in or transiting through Turkey. This collection is challenged by two competing poles. One pole is centered in xenophobic nationalism. Around this pole, migrants and refugees are described as criminals, religious fanatics and “moochers" who challenge the working class and the freedoms that come with life in the West. The second pole laments the insecurity that migrants and refugees face. Around this pole, movers are described as victims who lack so much at home. In this example, migrants and refugees are moving because there are no jobs and few prospects for work; civil liberties are proscribed and banned in the face of state imposed limits and there are no opportunities to strike out on a unique path to the future. Complicating both poles is the 24-hour news cycle that denies us the opportunity to understand and analyze. Instead, we are forced to pick one pole or the other. In either case, the outcome dehumanizes the mover, signals their pathos and emphasizes why they are different.

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Exclusion and Inclusion in International Migration: Power, Resistance and Identity

Author(s): / Language(s): English

People on the move face new barriers in a globalizing world. Some of these barriers are related with the rise of an increasingly security-oriented approach towards international migrants. Notwithstanding the forces of globalization, states have maintained their monopoly power over whom to admit and whom to deny within their borders. In other words, they remain the sovereign authority regulating the entry and exit of people. However, in recent years, a number of states have singled out international immigration as the greatest political and social threat to their cultural and national security. The securitization of immigration is founded upon the premise that the international movement of people represents an exceptional risk for the survival of the nation and this is often associated with terrorism, instability and criminality. The securitization of immigration is also based on the idea that the ‘traditional’ authority vested in states to regulate immigration is somehow insufficient and needs to be enhanced. These assumptions correspond with a real policy shift in some countries such as the United States, where the government is planning to spend approximately 23 Billion Dollars on border security and immigration enforcement in 2019 alone." "This edited volume is an exploration of the global landscapes inhabited by refugees and labour migrants, although the focus is largely on the former. Despite the fact that most of the empirical studies are drawn from within Europe, the book also includes research on Nepal, Australia, the Middle East and Japan in order to reveal the truly global dimensions of migration and the regimes governing this.

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Türk Göçü 2016 Seçilmiş Bildiriler 1

Author(s): / Language(s): Turkish

4th Migration Conference was held in Vienna. After a meticulous referee process at the Turkish Migration Conference, a conference program consisting of 72 sessions and 2 workshops was created. 350 oral presentations were made by 400 authors from various countries around the world. Some of the selection papers presented at the 4th Turkish Migration Conference were revised and expanded and published in various national and international magazines and books. In this review, we offer you a selection of the papers presented at the conference. This abstract collection consists of four sections within the framework of the basic areas in the field of migration. The first part includes migration, economy and social policy, migration, identity and diaspora in the second part, Urbanization, Politics and Migration Policies in the third part, and the fourth part of history, art and migration under the heading various works. We hope that these studies will also contribute to the development of turkish migration.

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Сборник с доклади от юбилейната международна научна конференция „Рискове пред етнорелигиозния мир в контекста на националната и международната сигурност в Югоизточна и Централна Европа“ (Докторанти и студенти). Том 2

Author(s): Dzhansu Asan Danadzhieva,Margarita Atanasova Mollova,Petar Georgiev Kostov,Arseni Emilianov Kolarov,Nadezhda Vasileva Dzhankova,Rositsa Petrova Hambarliiska,Stefka Velichkova Bangova,Dimitar Rumenov Popov,Tsvetana Valentinova Barzinska,Boris Vladimirov Zarkov,Viktoria Spasova,Ivelina Dimitrova Dimitrova,Ivanka Nenova Nikolova,Boyan Stanimirov Vidolov,Iliyan Iliyanov Iliev,Georgi Minkov Minkov,Ilian Ivanov Yordanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian

The present Proceedings of the Graduate School of Security and Economics (Volumes I and II) reflect the highly academic and highly productive International Research Conference on „Risks to Ethno-religious Peace in the Context of National and International Security in Southeastern and Central Europe“ held in November 2023. The edition contains the main and plenary papers. They are structured in four scientific panels focusing on topics such as „National Security and Ethno-religious Peace – Dilemmas, Challenges and Prospects“, „Risks to Ethno-religious Peace and National Politics – Security Aspects“, „State Politics, Ethnic Relations, National and International Security“ and „Ethno-religious Peace, National Security and Social Sciences“. Among the authors are Bulgarian and foreign proven names in scientific and academic circles.

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