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The development of educational sciences in recent decades following major UNESCO initiatives as well as the development of educational policy theory has led to discussions on possible further refinements also in the field of basic concepts, which include the terms learning and education. Although their content is often confused or overlapped, by focusing on education (formal, non-formal and informal) as the institutional side of organisation and on learning (intentional, incidental and functional) as the internal side of processes, it is possible to better classify a range of activities in a situation where education has gone beyond the school system and learning has become a lifelong process.
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Although the change in the electoral system used in elections to the Chamber of Deputies has attracted the attention of lawyers, political scientists, and sociologists, we still lack a comprehensive comparative analysis of the new system with the original one or other alternatives. The main reason for this is the lack of empirical data. This article overcomes this problem using a simulation of electoral results that correspond to the real Czech election environment. On the basis of this simulated dataset it is possible to generate generalisable conclusions about the proportionality, integration effect, and legitimacy of three electoral formulas: the original D’Hondt divisor, the newly adopted Imperiali quota, and the Hare quota. Our results show that the Hare quota is clearly the best choice. Its advantages in proportionality significantly outweigh its disadvantages in integrative effect. Moreover, this formula sees the least disruption to the logical sequence of results, i.e. where a party with fewer votes gets more seats, a phenomenon that is undesirable and undermines the legitimacy of elections. We are convinced that among the three formulas compared the Hare quota is the one that best fits the constitutional requirements of the electoral system as interpreted by the Constitutional Court, and that - unless the legislature is planning to change other parameters of the electoral system - it is the one that should be implemented.
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Background: Cross-border cooperation regulates organizational, legal, economic andother principles of interstate relations of border regions in particular. The agreements indicated inthe paper can envisage the establishment of cross-border cooperation bodies that perform thetasks assigned to them by territorial communities, their representative bodies, and local executivebodies, in accordance with the powers and in the manner prescribed by the legislations of thecountries. Objectives: The paper focuses on the examination of the existing institutionalmechanisms, which implies a consideration of the structure and role of institutions and agreementsthat regulate Slovak-Ukrainian cross-border cooperation and the assessment of the effectiveness ofthe institutional framework and their impact on the development of cooperation between theregions. Another objective is to study the challenges of identifying key problems and obstacles ofan institutional nature that can inhibit the development of cross-border cooperation, and toconsider possible ways of overcoming the institutional ones. Methods: The research was conductedwith the use of the method of analyzing the normative-legal basis of bilateral cross-border relationsat the national, regional, and local levels. It aims to study the institutional framework ofcooperation and involvement in joint programs at the national level, to examine the existingagreements of local and regional entities, their role and competence. There have been conductedinterviews with experts who are involved in the explored field. Results: The entire list of crossbordercooperation forms has been recorded: cross-border groupings and cross-border bodies,particularly a Euroregional cooperation grouping and a European grouping of territorialcooperation; Euroregions; agreements, joint initiatives, projects, events, programs, strategies;mutually beneficial contacts and other forms not prohibited by law (though not specifically definedby the legislator either). To the promising ones worth implementing, belong a cross-bordergrouping and a cross-border cooperation body, a Euroregional cooperation grouping and aEuropean grouping of territorial cooperation. Considerable attention in the paper is devoted to thestate strategies and programs related to cross-border cooperation in Ukraine, which weredeveloped during the specified period, and to bilateral local and regional agreements. Discussionand conclusions: The paper describes the challenges and prospects of cross-border cooperationproviding some recommendations on institutional changes for the improvement of cooperationthrough implementing joint cross-border projects, and at the same time for integrating Ukraineinto the EU.
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The purpose of this article is to identify the nature of the relationship between supervision and the resilience approach in its practical application among professionals from the "Child Protection" department. Supervision is examined from a theoretical point of view and the possibility of conceptualizing it through different theories is highlighted. The resilience approach as an eclectic concept of support through personal strengths is presented in this context. Resilience factors have been theorized to help people cope after experiencing traumatic events. Two areas of support in supervision have been examined theoretically and empirically. The first is the emotional support of the supervisor to the feelings and experiences of the supervised professionals and the improvement of their professional competencies. The second field aims at the indirect support to the client of socio-pedagogical assistance in casework. The empirical study is a qualitative study of monthly supervision reports. It was carried out over a period of one year with 45 professionals working in the Child Protection Department of the Social Assistance Directorate in the regions of Pazardjik and Plovdiv.
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The topic of social oppression is particularly relevant today, against the background of increasing differences between people, discriminatory manifestations, and social inequalities. The concept is the object of study in various fields, but it has its place in modern social work, where the oppressed can receive help, understanding, and support, including emotional, psychological, normative, property, and financial. It is important to emphasize that social oppression is not only studied in a historical aspect because the results of the conducted survey clearly show that oppression is possible in all interpersonal relations and relationships: parent-child; teacher-student; husband-wife; employer-worker. The problem is that the consequences of oppression are so permanent that the vulnerable rarely have a real idea of what is happening and are even more fleeting about their behavior afterward, which is often the reason for not seeking or refusing socio-pedagogical help. Through a questionnaire, the opinion of 75 adult respondents was studied to analyze their attitudes about the behavior of the oppressor and the oppressed during a period of oppression. Figures and tables illustrate the results. Relevant conclusions have been suggested.
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The complex nature of social work includes various supporting activities aimed at achieving a positive result when working with clients. This study identifies the basic components of the art therapy process when working with vulnerable people with limited health opportunities, focusing on the essential nature of creative methods. Along with standard approaches in social work, art therapy as a specific approach provides an opportunity for personalized support, adapted to the specific needs and creative preferences of the clients. The individualized approach of the art therapy process helps clients to overcome their functional limitations and to build a positive emotional background and to express themselves through art and promote creativity.. Practice reveals that the success of the integration process of vulnerable clients is realized through the provision of a wide range of social services in the community. The integrative approach in social work and the successful involvement of clients in the process of social integration enables them to live in an equal society, to participate and realize themselves in various social and creative activities, and to adapt and facilitates their communication skills.
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