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Act Names of the 1.200 active and reactivated Austro-Hungarian generals can be found in almost all works discussing the events of the Great War. In the first part of the paper regular features of this corps of Austro-Hungarian generals are analysed.
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South Africa ten years after the Boer War was still a divided country. The end of the war and the establishment of the Union in 1910 emerged barriers between the political and military elite of the Afrikaners. Mainly this polarisation (ruling party – Afrikaner nationalists) and the social tension culminated in northern part of the former Orange Free State and west Transvaal led to the Maritz Rebellion. Although the governmental troops led by Prime Minister Louis Botha defeated easily the rebels, the political consequences of the Rebellion meant more difficulties for the ruling party than the fight. Present study deals with different aspects of the Maritz Rebellion as well as the way how the contemporary Hungarian public opinion interpreted that conflict.
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Bratislav Ivanov's new book is dedicated to the values and traditions of the Japanese culture. Already in the early twentieth century, French scientist Henry Dumolard draws attention to the fact that the Japanese people are guided by their logic and draw conclusions that are often incomprehensible to Europeans. To understand the Japanese people, we need to know the values that form the core of their culture. A key to their understanding is the geographical environment, mythology, religion, and Japan's history.
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When the undefeated samurai Miyamoto Musashi retreated to a cave in 1643 and wrote The Book of Five Rings, a manifesto on swordsmanship, strategy, and winning for his students and generations of samurai to come, he created one of the most perceptive and incisive texts on strategic thinking ever to come from Asia. Musashi gives timeless advice on defeating an adversary, throwing an opponent off-guard, creating confusion, and other techniques for overpowering an assailant that will resonate with both martial artists and everyone else interested in skillfully dealing with conflict. For Musashi, the way of the martial arts was a mastery of the mind rather than simply technical prowess—and it is this path to mastery that is the core teaching in The Book of Five Rings. Written not only for martial artists but for anyone who wants to apply the timeless principles of this text to their life, the book analyzes the process of struggle and mastery over conflict that underlies every level of human interaction.
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Karel Kramář (1860–1937) was one of the most significant politicians of the turn of the 19th and 20th Century and in the first decade of the first Czechoslovak Republic. He was the founder of the Czech Realistic Party with Masaryk and a Czech representative of the Imperial Council in the dualistic Monarchy, one of the most influential politicians of the young Czech party in Vienna. Kramář as the supporter of the Czech Russofil Pan–Slav movement considered useful the Russian and Balkan alliance in the foreign policy of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy and established the Neo–Slav Movement in 1908 for the harmonization of Slav political inter-ests. During the First World War he participated in the Czechoslovak movement and was sentenced to death for treason, was released by am-nesty. Kramář was elected the first prime minister of the republic after 1918, the founding of the first Czechoslovak Republic and also led the Czechoslovak delegation on the Versailles Peace Talks, but in the mid–twenties he gradually lost his political influence.Keywords: Austro–Hungarian Monarchy; Czechoslovakia; Realistic Party; Young Czech Party; Russofil Pan–Slavism;
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This modern translation of all the surviving literary compositions ascribed to Liudprand, the bishop of Cremona from 962 to 972, offers unrivaled insight into society and culture in western Europe during the "iron century". Since Liudprand enjoyed the favor of the Saxon Roman emperor Otto the Great, and traveled to Constantinople more than once on official business, his narratives also reveal European attitudes toward the Byzantine Empire and the culture of its refined capital city. No other tenth-century writer had such privileged access to the high spheres of power, or such acerbic wit and willingness to articulate critiques of the doings of powerful people. Liudprand's historical texts (the Antapodosis on European events in the first half of the 900s, and his Historia Ottonison the rise to power of Otto the Great) provide a unique view of the recent past against a genuinely European backdrop, unusual in a time of localized cultural horizons. Liudprand's famous satirical description of his misadventures as Ottonian legate at the Byzantine court in 968 is a vital source of information on Byzantine ritual and diplomatic process, as well as a classic of medieval intercultural encounter. Readers interested in medieval European culture, the history of diplomacy, Italian and German medieval history, and the history of Byzantium will find this collection of translated texts rewarding. A full introduction and extensive notes help readers to place Liudprand's writings in context.
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Evliya Celebi was an enlightened man in a variety of ways who believed in equality, freedom of thought and intellectual debate, and found all of these things present in Islamic societies. Over the course of his travels, he wrote ten volumes detailing his adventures. ‘Seyahatname’ – Book of Travels – is a unique and important text, representing one of the few accounts of the 17th century and the Ottoman world from the perspective of a Muslim. These are not just factual accounts, Evliya had a great imagination and just as important as his journal entries were the imaginative storytelling that ran alongside, elaborating, exaggerating, and fantasizing. Through his stories, we are prompted to think more imaginatively about our own travels and journeys to other cities. This 17th-century Muslim traveler can sometimes seem narrow-minded and yet this same man can stand in St Stephens Cathedral in Vienna and be moved by the music he hears. Sometimes these encounters lead to nothing but sometimes they lead to stories which are so deeply felt, and so universally melodic that they leave echoes which can still be heard and felt today. In 2011, the year which would have been his 400th birthday, Evliya is being paid homage as UNESCO’s Man of the Year.
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The book concerns the fundamental questions set by the founder of Bulgarian sociology Ivan Hadjiiski: Where are we coming from? What have we gone through? How far have we reached? Where are we going? Sociology is a science in which the person puts his imagination and heuristic potential. Sociology is a craft, in the practice of which the outcome depends on the mastery of the techniques and methodologies, the correct observance of rules and procedures. Sociology is a business that requires certain resources and also can reproduce or increase them. Sociology, however, is something else; it is not only a knowledge of society, but it is a public activity. It loses its meaning beyond the public realization or changes it if this realization does not correspond to the scientific credibility.
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This book represents a study of the textology, typology, sources and literary peculiarities of the so-called ’miscellanies of mixed content' in the South Slavonic tradition (from the end of 13th – the beginning of 18th c.) – less known or unknown in the Humanities. The problem is closely related to the apocryphal collections in the Balkan Cyrillic manuscripts, as the Apocrypha are a significant part of this type of manuscripts. The scope of the study is to popularize the series and texts that fill the gap in the translation and perception of the Slavonic Apocrypha. New information is presented over the sources of translations, as well as the compilation approach of Slavonic writers, which reproduces a new version of the texts. The copies of the Slavonic texts are published in the supplement. The typology of manuscripts is supported by plectograms produced in the Repertory of Old Bulgarian Literature and Letters (http://repertorium.obdurodon.org/).
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Пре разматрања једне овакве теме, читалац мора увек имати на уму да не постоји нешто јединствено што би назвали „српска историографија“ и њој насупрот „светска историографија“. Једна – априорно претежно „традиционална“ (често обележена као „националистичка“ или „митоманска“), друга – модерна, баштиник нових метода, избалансирана. По нашем разумевању и искуству постоји низ индивидуалних подухвата на обе стране, али и трендови, вододелнице међу њима које са много скрупула треба идентификовати и обележити. Дебате о традицији и модернизацији на овом простору не воде се само у крилу историјске науке, подједнако су укључени социолози, антрополози, правници, економисти и други. Ако су историчари обзирни према карактеру извора (нажалост не сви) код других дисциплина често мањкају знања из историје општег друштвеног контекста неког времена. Историчари, с друге стране, нису понекад обзирни према социолошким, економским или социопсихолошким категоријама. У више радова упозоравали смо на непознавање, али и олако баратање теоријама и моделима који су развијени на основу потпуно друге историјске емпирије од оне на коју их поједини аутори шаблонски примењују. [...]
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This article provides a historical and cultural analysis of the phenomenon of identity formation of the Russian people on the basis of study of agriculture as a historical-geographical factor which had a significant influence on the processes taking place in the Russian plain at the appointed chronological period.
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The text recalls a little-known work by Jules Verne and allows the interaction of Vazov („Under the Yoke“) with Jules Verne („The Danube Boatman“) and back into the genre of adventure novel. The story here is not just a background but also a plotting factor, and the love triangle, police pursuit, and the river‘s pirate lure of the characters push the imagination of the reader and the researcher towards the best traditions of the genre. Namely – to the novel models of Hugo and Duma-Father. Jules Verne‘s interest in our national liberation struggles was designed in the adventure-sensational and emancipated Bulgarian stories in European literature.
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As the Syrian army pulled out of several towns in the north and northeast of the country in July 2012, Kurds found themselves masters of their own destiny after more than 40 years of dictatorship and political marginalisation.In the face of the sudden retreat of the state security apparatus, the Democratic Union Party (PYD), the Syrian offshoot of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), and the Kurdish National Council, composed of sixteen political parties, signed a political agreement providing for the creation of a joint Supreme Kurdish Council and the establishment of‘popular defence forces’ in order to secure Kurdish gains. However, despite the apparent unity, the operational capacity of the Supreme Kurdish Council was hindered by an unbalanced power relationship between the PYD and the Kurdish National Council, in favour of the former, as well as their uneven representation in the three main Kurdish enclaves in northern Syria (Allsopp2014: 194–200).
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Considering human definitions as mere speculations without content, Ernst Cassirer considers superfluous the assertion so old that man would be a political zoon, a sociable and rational animal. Beyond his physical or metaphysical dimension, man is a "symbolic animal", through his work, identifiable in the ethics and aesthetics of his Freedom, through cultural creation and production (languages, myths, religions, arts and sciences, etc.), considers Cassirer. As Freedom is itself a difficult concept to define, closer to the continuous action dimension of Freedom is Liberation, as a continuous evolution towards human progress, within human societies / civilizations / cultures.
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U svom prilogu autor navodi elemente i obrazlaže njihovo značenje i utjecaj, koji su učestvovali u formiranju državnog osjećanja i patriotizma kod Bosanaca, a u kojima je glavnu ulogu imalo sjećanje na nekadašnju državu-banovinu i kraljevinu Bosnu, smatrajući da je u onim faktorima koji su utjecali na odluku o obnovi bosanske države ovo osjećanje i sjećanje na nekadašnju Bosnu imalo značajnog udjela.
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Dincolo de orice parti-pris-uri ideologice, cercetarea mea își propune să chestioneze realitatea contemporană a Banatului - teritoriu pe-care modul de raportare la alteritate îl desemnează drept reprezentativ - prin intermediul unor concepte în vogă astăzi în literatura de specialitate occidentală, și anume acela de gen (engl. Gender) și de identitate etnică. Mai precis, voi încerca să schițez un model al participării femeilor în cadrul organizațiilor minorităților etnice din județul Timiș, concentrându-mă mai cu seamă asupra Timișoarei.
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