Regards sur l’identité féminine de la danseuse. Une analyse du solo Tishma Tanz de Jasmina Prolic et de la chorégraphie Sarajevo’s diary d’Eric Oberdorff

Author(s): Mattia Scarpulla / Language(s): French Issue: 4-I/2010

Eric Oberdorff crea la coreografia Sarajevo’s diary a Nizza nel 2005. Jasmina Prolic danza l’assolo Tishma Tanz a Orléans nel 2006. Siamo in Francia. Le opere di Oberdorff e Prolic sono prodotte e diffuse nel sistema economico e politico dei teatri pubblici. Sono tutti e due di formazione classica e moderna occidentale. Se le due danze parlano entrambe dei paesi dell’ex-yugoslavia, della fine della guerra civile, di ciò che resta di tradizioni e di forme di vita, Oberdorff resta esteriore al conflitto, come francese nato in Francia, mentre Prolic è fuggita da Belgrado, perdendo la sua indentità yugoslava, diventando bosniaca. Le due coreografie, attraverso le identità professionali e sociali dei due artisti, rappresentano una guerra simbolicamente come violenza psicologica. Danze classiche e moderne, esse disegnano soprattutto due storie, due donne che si confrontano a un passato. E queste due donne traversano la storia rinviando agli spettatori l’immagine della ‘ballerina’. Le due donne, l’una turista, l’altra pazza, sono figure al limite delle identità positive sociali, sono due straniere, che introducono la riflessione sulla distanza tra un passato storico e il presente artistico che vuole rappresentarlo. Le due straniere sono due ballerine, illustrano come una realtà passa sovente su scena per gli stereotipi occidentali sulle culture. La ballerina codifica le donne in un’immagine femminile banale, che evoca il potere etnocentrico di modelli identitari occidentali e le loro rappresentazioni.

ATTITUDES TOWARDS LUSATIA AND ITS HERITAGE IN POLISH. HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): MAŁGORZATA ŁUKIANOW,MARCIN MACIEJEWSKI / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2017

The paper discusses contemporary attitudes towards Lusatian heritage in Poland, with special attention to the region called Eastern Lusatia situated in the western part of the country. This approach aims to present the phenomenon within an interdisciplinary context of history and social sciences. The broad historical context included in this paper covers mostly the period of post-war border changes, especially those between Poland and Germany. The communist period in Poland and the specificity of communist minority policies is one of the key factors shaping today’s image of Sorbian heritage. Another important perspective is the contemporary trend for creating new localities as a form of the affective bond with the place of inhabitance. This, in the authors’ view, is deeply rooted in post-war social phenomena such as mass-scale migrations. The authors claim that today’s presence and presentation of Lusatian heritage is mostly instrumental and serves local communities as tourist attractions rather than including the Sorbian minority in the discourse of identity.

Notes on the Western Turks in the Work of Theophanes Confessor

Author(s): László Balogh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2005

Theophanes Confessor, Byzantine author of the early 9th century, when referring to the Khazars in his work entitled Chronographia, used the term “Eastern Turks”. It is widely accepted that Byzantine authors used such terms in pairs, so the pendant of “Eastern Turks” was “Western Turks”, the latter being used to denote the early Hungarians. This conclusion is based on the fact that Byzantine chroniclers called the Hungarians Turks at the end of the 9th century. Theophanes mentioned the Khazars as Eastern Turks, as if he had information on a people also called Turks living west of the Khazars. However, not all historians shared this view, and some of them supposed that Theophanes applied the term Eastern Turks in a geographical sense, since the Khazars had lived east of the Byzantine Empire. The solution to this problem has far-reaching consequences. If Theophanes referred to the Hungarians, that would mark their first appearance in written sources at the beginning of the 9th century. But the pendant of the “Eastern Turks” in the chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, is not the “Western Turks”, but the “Western Huns”.

A Contribution to the History of the Khazar Military Organisation: The Strengthening of the Camp

Author(s): Szabolcs Polgár / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2005

Written sources indicate that, disregarding fortresses, there were three types of man-made defence employed by the Khazars for the fortification of a camping ground: (1) building palisade, (2) encircling the settlement by carts, and (3) digging ditches round the camp. The Muslim authors Gardīzī, al-Marwazī and al-Bakrī indicated that the military camps of the Khazars were strengthened by board fence. Other Muslim authors reported that the Khazar capital was strengthened by the placement of carts around it. Finally, Ibn Rusta mentioned that the Khazars made ditches against the Hungarians (Magyars) and other enemies. The aim of this paper is to collect and analyse the data on the strengthening of the camp at the Khazars and among their neighbours.

МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ИДЕНТИТЕТ И ИСТОРИСКИТЕ ПРОУЧУВАЊА

Author(s): Biljana Ristovska-Josifovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2017

The study of identity is a complex undertaking, which requires consideration of many aspects of collective and individual development. Given the complexity and comprehensiveness of the theme, our focus is on the Macedonian identity through the lens of historic research, specifically the beginnings of Macedonian historiography and both its non-formal and institutional development.

Постмемориски трансмисии на траумата

Author(s): Marija Gorgieva Dimova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2017

Starting from Marianne Hirsch’s thesis that the notion of postmemory can be generalised in various contexts of traumatic transfer, this paper aims to elaborate on the interpretive validity of this concept in relation to the so-called Aegean Theme in Macedonian literature, that is, the theme of collective trauma caused by the exodus of Macedonian from Greece during the Greek Civil War (1944-1949). The subject of interest are the two works - Egejci and Snegot vo Kazablanka - by Macedonian authoress Kica Kolbe, member of the so-called post-generation. Considering that both books are of different genres—autobiography and novel—the analysis offers a comparative presentation of the narrative conventions taking part in the affirmation of their postmemorial dimension present in: the variant of postmemory, the elements of secondariness and of mediativeness of postmemory, as well as the postmemorial relation to the past through imagination, projection and creation.

The Settlement of the Mardaites and their Military-Administrative Position in the Themata of the West: a Chronology

Author(s): Miloš Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 54/2017

The paper discusses questions about the chronology of the settlement of Mardaite soldiers in the Balkans and their military-administrative position in the themata of the West: Peloponnesus, Cephalonia and Nicopolis. It presents arguments in favor of the hypothesis of the Mardaite settlement in Peloponnesus as the result of the colonization policy of Nicephorus I in the early 9th century. This view largely rests on information contained in the Chronicle of Monemvasia, a source hereto unused in discussions about the Mardaites. The Mardaites were moved in the territory of the themata of Nicopolis and Cephalonia at the close of the same century in a bid to reinforce Byzantine positions on the eastern coast of the Ionian Sea at the time of the Arab threat to this region. Finally, in the concluding passages the author touches on the military-administrative status of Mardaites in the themata of the West, who operated in units headed by tourmarchai, comparing them to other ethnic tourmai in the Byzantine Empire.

Ethno-demographic changes that occurred in Dobruja as a result of the colonization policies implemented between 1878 and 1940 (I)

Author(s): Enache Tușa / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

Known in antiquity as Schytia Minor, and later, after the fifteenth century as Dobruja (Ciorbea 2008), the region is characterized by a highly complex demographic evolution which was in part determined by the various states that ruled the land and colonized on its territory various groups (Neagu 2004). As a result of the various historical variables, Dobruja became subjected to a series of colonization policies that were imposed by the Romanian administration after 1878. During the centuries when the region was under Ottoman rule, the demographic landscape became increasingly Ottomanized, which in fact proved to be reversible, as we can notice in the present. The name Dobruja came into use after 1420, as it is stipulated the historical sources, before that the territory was known as Podunavia or Terrarum Dobrotich, as it is stated by Anca Popescu. As with some other cases, the region’s name is given by that one of its former rulers.

Comunitatea armeană și România anului 1942 în paginile revistei ”Ararat”

Author(s): Narcis E. Stefan Antonian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 29/2017

In 1924, Vartan Mestugean, a journalist from Bucharest, began the work of laying the foundation for the periodical named traditionally “Ararat”. For 18 years, “Ararat” was published with a perfect punctuality, until the death of Mestugean in 1942, and reappeared in 1990 as a bimonthly publication of the Armenian Union in Romania, currently available also in an online format . The present article is a summary of the events that happened in Romania in 1942 and the situation of the Armenians within Romania's borders, as seen through the eyes of the Armenian community and written within the pages of the magazine.“Ararat” periodical, Armenians, World War II, the Eastern Front.

Günther Weber, Benjamin Sass and Eduard Philipp Körber, Lutheran Pastors of Võnnu: Sacred Trees, Felling of a Sacred Oak and Planting of an Oak to Herald Freedom for the Estonian People

Author(s): Heldur Sander / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This year marked the passing of 100 years from the birth of the Republic of Estonia on 24 February 1918. After the times of turbulence in between, we, the Estonians, are now able to celebrate this event for the 27th year since the regaining of independence. If we also count in the past decades of sovereignty(1918–1940), it appears that we have been able to sustain our independence for about half the time. The other 50 years of deprivation did not mean that we ceased to exist: the land, the culture and the faith of the people in restoring the independence and national continuity did not fail even under occupation.

SLAVENI U RANOSREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ JUŽNOJ PANONIJI

Author(s): Hrvoje Gračanin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8/2008

Based on written and archaeological materials, as well as relevant historiographic literature, the paper provides a systematic analysis of testimonies about the early presence of the Slavic ethnicity in South Pannonia in the early medieval period, from the first indications of Slavic presence in the Slavonian Danube Valley until the times of Carolingian incursion and the fall of the Avar Khaganate. It also addresses the issue of Slavic ethnogenesis and the role of the Avars in Slavic expansion in South Pannonia. The first indications of the presence of proto-Slavic populations in the central Danube Region perhaps fall into the middle of the 5th century and the time of Hunnish domination, but it is impossible to offer a conclusive answer to this question, since neither the literary (Priscus) nor the archeological evidence provide sufficient proof. Perhaps it is only possible to state that such an assumption would not be unlikely considering the scope of the Hunnish state, i. e. that individual groups of proto-Slavic populations could have reached the Pannonian lowlands under Hunnish patronage. The hypothesis that the (proto)Slavs could have expanded to the central Danube Region in the first half of the 6th century is somewhat more likely, but it, too, relies almost exclusively on the interpretation of literary sources (Jordanes, Martin of Bracara). Most likely it had been only an inflow of smaller (proto)Slavic groups, but their arrival had not passed unnoticed.

Научна конференция в Разлог

Author(s): Iliya Tantilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2007

Obraz rómskej populácie v Uhorsku na konci 19. storočia

Author(s): Branislav Šprocha,Pavol Tišliar / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

Apart from the large ethnic groups, the multi-ethnic Kingdom of Hungary also included several less numerous historic autochthonous and alochthonous ethnic groups. We can describe the initially nomadic Romany group as relatively late arrivals. Thanks to their ethnic difference they were symbolically and often also really excluded from the majority society of the Central European region. As a result of some degree of isolation from the main social developmental currents, the Romany still retained various specific characteristics in late 19th century Hungary, in spite of more or less intensive efforts to achieve their complete integration. One of the important instruments for monitoring the success of individual measures and preparing evidence for their formulation was various types of census. From the point of view of content and methodology, the most important is the census of Romany in Hungary at the end of January 1893. It is a unique source of information on the character of the Romany population in Hungary at the end of the 19th century. The aim of the paper is to consider the background to the census of Romany in 1893, its causes, preparation and implementation, as well as to analyse the main and some specific characteristics of the Romany population of Hungary in 1893 on the basis of the available published data.

Polak-katolik, Niemiec-ewangelik – obecność stereotypu narodowościowo-wyznaniowego wśród ludności kościerskiej okresu międzywojennego (1920-1939)

Author(s): Julita Rachwalska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 01/2018

The purpose of the article is a portrayal of a stereotypical national and confessional notion of a Polish Catholic and German Protestant during the interwar period (1920-1939) in Kościerzyna as well as a complementation of the results of general studies of the town’s history. The assumption stating that the existing stereotype was formed during the Reformation as an aftermath of the encounter between two dissimilar sets of culture, nationality and faith points towards the stereotype’s durable character as well as its prevalence and influence on how the individuals belonging to the two realms perceived one another. This has rendered questions regarding the origins of the said stereotype extremely urgent, in particular with regard to Kościerzyna as part of Kashubia. Furthermore, the characteristic traits and the content of the stereotype is another area of inquiry. Thirdly, what factors shaped the body of the above mentioned stereotype and how it was perpetuated in the communal mind is another matter of interest. An exhaustive analysis of the archival sources including population records, documents drawn by the town’s public servants and a district office’s reports allowed to recreate the town’s ethnic structure in the period of 1920-1939 and proved that German Catholics and Polish Protestants were found among its inhabitants. That said, analysis of the body of the literature, the press, written memoirs and collected interviews (based on Jan Błuszkowski’s statute concept of a stereotype) revealed that the essence of the stereotype is rooted in associating nationality with confession, a dualistic notion of us versus them and other characteristic features such as durability, irrelevance of experience, activation of language, emotionally-burdened valuingand reliance on a partially twisted image of the investigated community.

Сюжет о женитьбе Шаньюя Модэ / Огуз-Хана

Author(s): Muratgeldi Soyegov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 31-32/2017

Nikita Ia. Bichurin (Iakinf), Friedrich Hirth, Vsevolod S. Taskin and some other scientists have come out for the assumption identifying Shaniui of Gunns (Khunnu, Sünnu) as Mode (Maodun, 234–174 BC) in the Chinese annals with the Oghuz-khan from «Family tree of the Turkmens» and other, earlier “Oghuz-name”. The author of this article has compared subject lines about the marriage of Mode (Oghuz-khan) in these written monuments and has come to conclusion about their main ancient source, though on canon of a genre they have undergone subsequent alterations.

TRADITIONAL ACTS PERFORMANCED WITHIN THE FUNERARY CEREMONY. THE LAMENTS

Author(s): Anca Ceaușescu / Language(s): English Issue: XIX/2018

Among the rites of passage, the funerary ones, or those related to the remembering and honouring the dead seem to be the oldest and the best preserved ones. The burying ceremony still preserves in its structure involve a mixture of myth and rite elements, meant to initiate and prepare the individual for the new situation, but also rites that seek to restore vital, material ties to those who have gone into the “beyond” world with this world. Among the mediated forms of communication, in the present material we are to consider the laments, as ancient modalities to express sadness and soul grieving, trying todisplay their role for the people who mourn, on the long way of sufferance. The laments are situated among the mandatory traditional acts, in our traditional village not-existing a funeral without improvised lamentations. While the ritual funerary songs are strictly related to certain moments from the ritual, and in perfect harmony with certain rules, including specialised performers, the laments are spontaneous manifestations of the pain, sustained by complex verbal structures and specific gestures having an unstable form, and a personal character, their content being adapted to the concrete situation of the deceased.

THE WEDDING CEREMONY IN OLTENIA

Author(s): Loredana-Maria Ilin-Grozoiu / Language(s): English Issue: XIX/2018

Based on field investigations, the present research is to analyse the nuptial ceremony that evidences itself, within the investigated area, through the rites, ceremonial performances and ritual and magical practices that contain extremely old elements. The found information, taken from the folklore magazines, articles, studies or volumes, has been completed with recent field investigations that allow the studying of this type of ceremony, one which is still developing. There has been analysed the ancient practice of wooing, the engagement, the ritual of fir-tree decoration, the ritual water drinking, the putting of the veil and of the scarf on the bride’s head, the shaving of the groom, the verbal rites, among which the forgiveness or the blessing received either from the parents or the godparents, the symbols of the hora (the dance), the rite of the common feast. The analysis of these sequences has been made on addressing all the stages of the ceremony, starting with the pre-nuptial ones, and continuing with the wedding ceremony itself.

Przemiany narodowościowe w Abchazji od II połowy XIX do początku XXI wieku.

Author(s): Andrzej Jakubowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2018

Main aim of the paper is to analyse ethnic changes that took place in Abkhazia from the 60s of the 19th century to the present. The paper discusses the changes in ethnic structure of Abkhazia caused by the forced exodus of the Abkhazians to the Ottoman Empire (muhajirstvo), the process of multinational settlement in Abkhazia from the late 19th century to the 1990s, the Georgian-Abkhazian war of 1992-1993 and the national policy of de facto Abkhazia led in the post-war period in the terms of the absence of international recognition.

Berberzy na marginesie historii.

Author(s): Ryszard Vorbrich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2018

The Berbers belong to a group of “nations without state.” They are divided into a number of factions characterized by their own specificity (dialect and way of life), scattered endemically in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt (including Tuareg, in Mali, Niger and Mataranka). They all maintain a certain distance to state authorities (especially in Morocco and Algeria), where they are a significant minority, dominated by Arabic-speaking elites. The total number of Berbers is difficult to ascertain because of the ambiguity of the term “Berber” (which results from different degrees of arabization of Berbers). For centuries they have been Islamic, living in the shadow of the Arab population. Little is known about the significant contribution of Berbers to the development of ancient cultures of the Mediterranean and the first centuries of Christianity. Despite their linguistic and cultural Arabization (Islamization), they have maintained their distinctiveness. Manipulated by colonial France within the framework of the so-called “Berber policy,” they were entangled in conflicts with their Arab counterparts in Algeria and Morocco.

Jedan memoarski zapis o Mijajlu Nišinom Vučiniću - piperskom vojvodi

Author(s): Ilija M. Mijušković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2017

The aim of this work is to make public the research of Mirko M. Mijušković and his presentation of Mijajle Nišin Vučinić, as well as the struggle of the Montenegrins for survival and liberation in the 19th century and the territorial expansion of Montenegro after the decisions of the Congress of Berlin in 1878