O narodnom težačkom kalendaru u Bosni, mjerenju i prognoziranju vremena u narodnoj tradiciji

Author(s): Izet Spahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 41/2016

Based on folk tales and the available literature, oral narratives and own experiences and observations in his immediate and wider homeland (village Piskavica, wider Gracanica area and north-eastern Bosnia), the author through a popular method (using some archaic expressions, such as šenica (wheat), čele (bees) etc.), provides an overview of the so-called peasant calendar in this area, stating precisely what is being done in the field, garden, orchard, apiary and livestock in certain times of the year, in which hevta (week) per Prozuk (Christmas) or Aliđun (Ilinden). The author also points out at the several characteristic ways of measuring and forecasting the weather in these geographic areas that have been retained in the folk tradition and legend for a long time.

Dukuri të Hershme të Organizimit Komunitar në Viset e Arbërve të Mesjetës

Author(s): Mark Tirta / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 44/2014

The ethnology, together with cultural anthropology, explain occurrences of lifestyle and social organization of early historic times or later times, as it does the biology in the var-iability of the organism through centuries of the creatures noticed in the world. From this context, we will try to find the answer to the question: How could the Albanian peo-ple maintain and develop ethnic compactness for more than 3000 years, in the same territories: in the Western Balkan, although some of its suburban sides were dismantled by Slavs the Greeks? It was kept by the strength of community organization through centuries, as regions, as the link between regions, and community actions across ethnic, as well. There was a strong ethnic consciousness among Albanians. Without a strong organization, these people would not have survived. This organization has been strengthened and protect-ed from invaders, looters, the demolishers of the country. Of course, this is organized by strong customary laws that were applied by force. In this paper we will shed light on many clues that lead us to the answer of our question.

„…rajta kívül nem teremhet fű a folklórtudomány cseppet sem kies mezején”.

Author(s): Anna Szakál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

The article provides a new perspective upon the image, the scientific work, method and ethics of the well known Transylvanianethnologist, József Faragó. Under the Communist regime Faragó was one of the last ones allowed to earn a scientific degree in ethnology and folklore before the authorities banned the ethnology department in 1948. (Note: the“one and only” phrase does not make sense because the rest of the article talks about his conflicts with “his contemporary or fellow scholars" in the profession during his time) His contemporary or fellow scholars did not normally criticize his methods and ways of working, because Faragó would use all his influence to sabotage the career of anyone that dared to contradict, to find personal, specific initiativesin folklore or ethnology. There were only a few scholars who dared to draw attention to his scientific inaccuracies: Árpád Antal, Károly Borbáth, or most recently Katalin Olosz,. As the documents of the Securitate have slowly become available, one can begin to study the time and circumstances of József Faragó’s infamous scientific work. Some records are already available (for example, Ádám Könczei’s) that reinforce the suspicion that the unethical jealousy in his scientific career must have been nurtured by the Communist status quo. The article builds upon certain cases and arguments driven from the Kriza-research (János Kriza (1811 - 1875) Unitarian bishop) by Faragó: the scholar never published the Kriza-letters of which he stated that he copied them all in order to publish them, and throughout the decades he managed to create the illusion that the original Kriza-letters were lost in the WW II.

Egy vértanúvá lett gimnázium története és emlékezete

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2013

„…én igazából közvetítő szerepet is vállalok”

Author(s): Márta Fata,Ágnes Deák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

Az első Csehszlovák Köztársaság telepítéspolitikája a mai Kárpátalja területén: tervek és gyakorlat

Author(s): Imre Szakál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2014

Кельтский субстрат Крымской Готии

Author(s): M.Yu. Rahno / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2012

The archaeological, linguistic, and cultural heritage of the Celtic nations in Ukraine is the object of the attentions of the scientists at the present time. The search of the traces of the Celts in the south of Ukraine, in the Crimea, in the view of the ethnocultural interaction between the Celts and the Germans, requires to take up the Crimean Gothic materials. Some words from the Crimean Gothic language, the separate personal names and place-names of the Crimean Gothia are of Celtic origin. The latest etymological solutions in this sphere are generalized in this article, some Celtic etymologies for the Crimean Gothic linguistic relics are proposed too.

Zastosowanie koncepcji „aparatu” i „funkcjonariusza” Viléma Flussera w analizie kwestionariuszy etnograficznych

Author(s): Filip Wróblewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Author analyzes ethnographic questionnaires, which are important research tools because their use affects type of collected data as well as way of constructing anthropological knowledge. Author shows epistemological base of anthropological methodology of fieldwork. Using for this media studies perspective. Author makes most of Vilém Flusser media theory, mainly using the terms “apparatus” and “functionary”. Author applies this terms to the questionnaire, and the researcher. This allows to reveal hidden methodological assumptions and deconstruction of ideology affecting the organization and understanding of fieldwork by anthropologists. This perspective also allows to see elements of this discourse, that is: (1) the process of improvement of research tools, as a kind of moral obligation; (2) shifting the focus from the content of data collected on the fact of collecting them; (3) transparency of anthropological practices binding with partial researchers non-reflexivity; (4) the need to exercise control over researchers and train them in self-control.

Основные направления исследования японской геральдики в западной историографии

Author(s): Anastasia Aleksandrovna Rechkalova,Elena Edmundovna Voytishek / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

Study of Japanese heraldry in Western historiography started relatively late, but can be highly appreciated as rich materials of the Medieval history of Japan. Development of Western heraldic historiography can be divided into the following stages:1. The end of XIX cent. ‒ 80 years XX cent. The trend of comparative study prevailed in the field of Japanese research of heraldry. Western historians applied terms, definitions and concepts accepted in European heraldry to the Japanese coat-of-arms. This method was not successful as Japanese heraldry was found to include many aspects which were not presented as part of the European culture.2. 80 years XX cent. ‒ present day. The comparative method of research has been widely used within heraldic science for a long time, but towards the end of the 20th century some European specialists argued that it had been unproductive to compare the systems, which initially never had the same origins or sources. Other researchers admitted, that it is possible to compare separate heraldic systems such as European and Japanese, similarly to how linguistics allow for comparison of languages from different language families. Currently, the European heraldic science shares two different approaches. On the one hand those who insists that it is absolutely necessary to study Japanese heraldry as original tradition use Japanese terms. On the other hand their opponents, insist on comparative style and deem usage of European terms internationally to be correct.The problem of efficiency within the methodological framework of the European historiography of the history of Japanese heraldry still attracts active discussions to date. Within context of the fact that other countries such as China and Korea currently show no traces of the existence of heraldry, the issue of admissibility of the comparative analysis of the two heraldic systems is highly relevant - and not only for Europe but for the world as a whole.

Sate şi obiceiuri în Mărginime (partea I)

Author(s): Carmina Maior / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2010

The Orthodox calender obeyed in the Romanian villages, gets during the time a spiritual asset because of the folk habits and traditions.In our research we stopped in Mărginimea Sibiului, at the folk habits and traditions to the Easter time, specific to certain villages: the bringing of the willow branches in the church, by the children, on Palm Saterday, from Sălişte; the building of „The God’s House (grave)” on Good Friday in the church of Galeş; the benediction of the graves and the gift of dishes in the grave-yard of Rod on Easter Sunday; the surrounding of the crosses by the children and youth of the village, in Sibiel, on Ascension.

Ţesături de interior din colecţia Muzeului de Etnografie şi Artă Populară Orăştie

Author(s): Daniela Şendroiu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2010

This inquiry presents some of the most representative fabrics for the house interior from the collection of fabrics of the Etnography and Popular Art Museum in Orăştie. These fabrics, according to their destination, have a double role: functional and decorative. Before being exhibited in the museum, these objects used to decorate the Romanian houses and, in the past, they were received as dowry by young women or woven by them according to their taste and financial possibilities.The materials used to create these objects are wool, hemp, cotton and, according to their function, they could have been woven in two, three or four heddles. The simplest way of decoration is with lines, which can be simple or multiple and they repeat themselves either symmetrically or asymmetrically in the pattern. Some of them are thin, other are thick, and those on the edges are usually toothed.The young women are inspired in their weaving by environment or by nature, no object lookes like the other, the most used patterns being the abstract, stylized, geometrical ones.The exhibits chosen to be described were used in the Romanian houses interiors to decorate the beds with hemp sheets (simple, without decorative patterns) and with woolen bed covers woven in vivid colours. Then there were the pillous wrapped in pillow cases decorated in floral patterns or geometrical ones. Other exhibits chosen to be described are the tableclothes made of hemp or cotton richly woven in red. Besides the two points of maximum decorative importance for the interior of the house, there were also others that were used in order to decorate a wooden rod on which they used to hang clothes after washing them. Other such decorative objects used in the houses were ornamental towels usually put on the walls alongside icons, ornamental plates, etc. Wall sheets woven in four threads, in vivid colours (typical for the area surrounding Orăştie) were also used.In conclusion, this inquiry presents only a small part of the fabrics exhibited in the museum, which insist upon the skillfulness of the Romanian woman in the countryside who used textile fibres made in the house or bought from shops, with vivid chromatics and multiple ornamentation, making these objects real works of art.

Obiceiuri legate de naştere în zona Orăştiei

Author(s): Daniela Şendroiu / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 2/2011

Vorliegender Studium beruht sich auf die Informationen die an Ort und Stelle in den Dörfern um Orastie gesammelt wurden, und versucht mögliche Erklärungen zu finden für manche Sitten die mit der Zeitspanne vor der Geburt, Geburt und die Zeitspanne nach der Geburt verbunden sind. Es sind einige Verbote angegeben, die die werdende Mutter streng einhalten muss, um ein gesundes Kind zur Welt zu bringen.Es geht hier um die Zeit, als die Mütter ihre Kinder zu Hause zur Welt gebracht haben. In manchen Dörfern gab es keine ärztliche Praxis, die Hebamme stand der werdender Mutter bei der Geburt bei, und überwachte den Gesundheitszustand der Mutter und des neugeborenen Kindes eine Woche lang. Das Neugeborene wurde 6 Wochen nach der Geburt getauft, eine andere Zeitspanne, wo die Mutter andere Verbote einhalten musste, wie zum Beispiel: sie durfte das Haus wo sie wohnte nicht verlassen und ihre ganze Aufmerksamkeit dem Neugeborenen widmen, und durfte das Kind nicht alleine lassen.Heute, obwohl die Kinder im Krankenhaus zur Welt kommen, werden doch manche dieser Bräuche, in den Dörfern in der Umgebung von Orastie, vor und nach der Geburt noch immer eingehalten.

Universul spiritual din Mărginimea Sibiului

Author(s): Carmina Maior / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2011

The spiritual Universe of Mărginimea Sibiului represent the title of a temporary exhibition vernished in 2008 at The ASTRA National Museal Complex, Sibiu.First we present a short historical inroad of the scientifical research in Marginimea Sibiului (that means 17 Romanian villages with cultural, historical and ethnographical specify during the time), in the second half of the 20th century.The exhibition present bouth the public and the particular aspects of the spiritual universe. The role of the Ortodox religion, of the Church, the laic Culture, the Custums and Traditions are pointed out, in a chronological presentation, from the 18th century to the present day. The exhibition is the mirror of the present scientifical reserch of our institution.

Câteva piese reprezentative ale portului popular românesc din zona Orăştiei, de la Muzeul de Etnografie şi Artă Populară Orăştie

Author(s): Daniela Şendroiu / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 3/2012

Im Laufe der Zeit, kennt die rumänische Volkstracht aus der Umgebung von Orăştie wegen der Entwicklung der Gesellschaft, das Erscheinen der modernen Kleider am Dorf, aber auch wegen der Einflüsse der benachbarten etnografischen Umgebungen, mehrere Änderungen.Leider findet man heute die zusammensetzende Stücke der alten Volkstracht aus dieser Unmgebung nur noch im Museum für Etnografie und Volkskunst in Orăştie, weil vor ungefähr 150 Jahren die traditionelle Volkstracht allmählich durch die Volkstracht aus der Umgebung von Sibiu ersetzt wurde. Die weibliche Volkstracht aus der Umgebung von Sibiu ist durch Schlichtheit charackterisiert, die benützte Farben sind weiß und schwarz im Gegensatz zur Volkstracht aus der Umgebung von Orăştie, die lebendig-bunt war, insbesondere die Rockschürze, bei den jungen Mädchen, aber auch bei den älteren Frauen, wo die lebendige Farben mit den dünkleren Farben wechselten. In was die rumänische männliche Volkstracht betrifft, kennt diese im Laufe der Zeit weitgehend wenigere Änderungerungen, weil manche Stücke der Tracht von Generation zu Generation geerbt wurden.

Credinţe şi obiceiuri din ciclul anului calendaristic practicate în satele comunei Ceru Băcăinţi, judeţul Alba

Author(s): Iustina Bogdan / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 3/2012

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Ergebniss der Forschungsarbeit im Jahr 2010 in den Dörfern der Gemeinde Ceru Bacainti, Kreis Alba. Es geht um eine ziemlich abgelegene und schwer erreichbare Umgebung, die sich im Westen des Kreises Alba befindet, ein Ort wo das Alter der unveränderten Erhaltung der Sitten und Bräuche sich auf eine sehr lange Zeitspanne zurückzieht. Unser Vorgehen war für uns undebingt nötig, da diese Ungebung in den letzten 30 Jahren eine starke Entvölkerung erlitten hat, die letzendlich zum Verlust des materiellen und imateriellen Kulturerbgutes führen kann. In ihrer kalendaristischer Einteilung, sind die Sitten und Bräuche die die Dorfbewohner der Gemeinde Ceru Bacainti praktizert haben, stellen eine eigene Welt dar, mit guten und schlechten Tagen, mit verschiedenen Verboten, eine Welt wo der Mensch es versucht hat die Kräfte des Schlechten durch eine Reihe von Ritualien und Tätigkeiten von sich fernzuhalten. Zur Zeit werden nur noch ein kleiner Teil dieser Ritualien und Tätigkeiten angewendet, insbesondere die die eine religiöse Bedeutung haben. Die Gründe sind verschiedener Art: die Entvölkerung, das Altwerden der Bevölkerung, die Einflusse aus der städtischen Umwelt.

Cauzalitate şi determinism. Rostirea în filosofia populară

Author(s): Mihai David / Language(s): Romanian,German Issue: 3/2012

Die ursache der Dinge und die ständige veränderung der Welt sind die hauptsäzliche bestimmungen des Gedächnis. Wen sie sich ihre äuserung in der Sprache finden. Der inhalt der alten Ausprache ist nur karg in den modernen wörterschaz übertragen worden.Die Anpassung des Mänschen an der Welt und weniger dass verstehen der Ursache der Dinge sind hauptsatzlich in dem volksgädechnis. So erstanden Glauben und Magie Zauberkunst.Wichtig ist es all diese Dinge heute zu bewahren – Gedanken, Wörter und ihre bedeutuns – und so den primaren inhalt und die originalitet ieder Kultur zureten.

Candid M. Mușlea - fiu de econom rural, dascăl și activist cultural sud-transilvan

Author(s): Ana Grama / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2016

Candid Mușlea is an important representative of the Transylvanian elite from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. The study is based on archival documents and reconstructs the road that Candid Mușlea traveled from the traditional class of peasants from Rodbav (Făgăraș) until to teacher status in Brașov and assistant of Andrei Șaguna – Metropolitan of Transylvania.

Consideraţii istorice privind unele piese de armament defensiv (cămăşile de zale) utilizat de români în secolul al XV-lea

Author(s): Dan Râpă-Buicliu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2006

In the first part, the author tries to present an outline of the political and military hierarchy of the medieval society, highlighting the consequences of the confrontation between the Christian European countries and the Islamic Ottoman Empire, the place and the role of Romanians as defenders of the “Gate of Christianity from the Lower Danube” and, in the second part of the article, he makes a brief description of the categories of armature used during those times; the article constitutes a technical discussion of the mail shirts used by Romanian warriors (examples of which can be found in the cultural patrimony of the museum).

Varia historica (II)

Author(s): Dan Râpă-Buicliu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2006

The author presents several analytic records (with technical and historical content) concerning some cultural goods (portable fire guns, medical tools and plastic / graphic historical art), which belong to the national historical and cultural patrimony.

La mesele de altădată… Artă decorativă: a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea - prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea

Author(s): Elena-Ingrid Bahamat / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2006

This article represents a chronicle of the ambient exhibition temporarily hosted by “Casa Cuza Vodă” Museum, from Galaţi, in 2006.