Perspektywy użytkowania wieczystego
The paper presents three main directions of possible solutions for the prospects of perpetual leasehold. Author conducted the discussion in the context of the emerging social demands and government action.
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The paper presents three main directions of possible solutions for the prospects of perpetual leasehold. Author conducted the discussion in the context of the emerging social demands and government action.
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Trading in perpetual usufructs refers to a persistent phenomenon in the real estate market. It occurs both with regard to common and economic trading. It meets not only housing needs, but also investment needs as well as the needs within the scope of widely understood public utility. From the perspective of the perpetual usufruct user, such right ensures a vast range of powers in the fi eld of land disposing (factual and legal), without any necessity to engage considerable funds. Additionally, perpetual usufruct is benefi cial for the land owner (the State Treasury, the unit of territorial self-government), as it allows to maintain an impact on the manner of using the land being still the property of the owner, and additionally offering the owner signifi cant revenues in the form of the fi rst fee and then annual fees. Ensuring safety, including the effectiveness of transactions in the real estate market, the subject of which refers to the perpetual usufruct right, requires the knowledge of legal forms of trading in perpetual usufructs, structural and legal rules governing the transfer of such a right, legal limitations in the fi eld of the possibility to acquire the perpetual usufruct right by a given business partner, and fi nally the knowledge of collision rules applicable to all the those transactions referring to the perpetual usufruct right, in which a foreign element appears.
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The article analyzes the sources of information on offer developers by customers. The text constitutes the answer to a question, whether customers considered opinions of other persons when choosing the developer enterprise. In addition, a credibility of the recommendation of chosen entities was analysed from the point of view of customers. Coming conclusions from analysis will enable formulating of the being of communicating developer enterprises with potential and current customers and building the relation with them. Analysis of secondary sources was backed up with results of the questionnaire survey of customers of developer enterprises which purchased living on the primary market of the Podlasie province in 2005-2011 years.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the employment intensity by means of hazard model. The author answer the question if the effect of jobseeker's age, education, seniority on their employment intensity is changing over time and if this change depends on an unemployed person's gender. The empirical hazard model is applied to assess the differences in employment intensity and to calculate hazard ratios. The study is conducted on the basis of individual data of the unemployed people registered in the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin in 2012. The observation was terminated at the end of 2013.
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The paper deals with liabilities of perpetual lessees in terms of annual fees for land perpetual usufruct. While the usufructuary has the right to benefi t the land and dispose of it, he is obliged to maintain the property condition and accomplish tax responsibilities. In this study, we investigated issues and their scale associated with annual fees revision. The research area covers 349 real estate owned by the State Treasury in Żagań county in the period of 2008-2012. Procedure for updating the annual fee for perpetual usufruct of land was conducted for 250 properties, which equals to 71.63% of the total public ground lease. The highest average annual fee increase (3 738.86 zł) was observed in 2011 for real estate related to business.
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The subject of the article is a use of variation calculations to optimize production timetable for the specific product. Use of variation calculations is possible only in case of using a deterministic decision-making model for description of dynamics of production time-table. In the article were analyzed selected analytical forms of functions of the production cost, which can be used in the criteria function in the model mentioned above. Through such approach the functions that describe production time-table can be designated in relatively easy way. These functions will simultaneously minimize total cost of production.
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This article presents main features of two property rights which are the perpetual usufruct and the heritable building right. The former one comes from socialism regime, but the latter one is a new theoretical conception, which is on the legislative making stage. This paper presents basic differences between both property rights, which cause that they can't be recognized as a mutually competitive rights. Moreover it is expected that a new right (the heritable building rights) will be introduced into the Polish legal system. This juridical construction seems to be an appropriate to current needs of the legal turnover. There are such equivalent norms in German, Swiss and Austrian legal systems. However the borrowing "the legal transplant" is complicated, so that in this paper are included comparative remarks to explain a core of this juridical construction.
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The research presented in this article is an attempt to answer the problems of property management by local governments and their impact on the situation in public fi nances in municipal budgets. Analyses are carried out at the fi eld of spatial planning and real estate cadastre, understood as the real estate registry for tax purposes. During studies an interactive model with local development plan was developed. The model enables to modify a land use, automatically calculating the approximate value of real estate designed for specifi c purp oses. Presentation of the model made it possible to gather the opinions of different groups of users on the functionality and intuitiveness of the model. The conclusions of the study confi rm the validity of the use of decision support system - CommunityViz - in issues of real estate management by the local government, especially in the context of the economic impact of decisions.
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The subject of the article is a use of variation calculations to optimize production timetable for the specific product. Use of variation calculations is possible only in case of using a deterministic decision-making model for description of dynamics of production time-table. In the article were analyzed selected analytical forms of functions of the production cost, which can be used in the criteria function in the model mentioned above. Through such approach the functions that describe production time-table can be designated in relatively easy way. These functions will simultaneously minimize total cost of production.
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In the paper the Authors presented the analysis of the infl uence of outliers on results of econometric modelling of regional labour productivity. Innovation expenditures and a level of entrepreneurship were used as independent variables. Research was conducted for Polish voivodeships in 2002-2010. Two main types of outliers were distinguished: leverage and influence.
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In the article propensity to risk was defi ned. Dependencies between agent's utility function and propensity to risk were emphasized. For given utility function (with assigned rate of propensity to risk) optimization model that enables determination of impact of propensity to risk on contract's form were proposed. In conclusions problems connected with possibilities of constructing contracts (setting wages) in Agent-Principal model with respect to propensity to risk were discussed.
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The real estate valuation methodology developed in Poland draws on the achievements of the historically developed three concepts of valuation: American, British, and German. The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of valuation in individual schools, their similarities and differences, and demonstrate their impact on the solutions adopted in Poland. The British school of valuation has exerted the strongest influence.
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Prices of agricultural land in Poland within 10 year period (2003-2012) soared over 3,5 times. It was one of the highest dynamics of price changes on all segments of real estate market. However noticeable differences in price levels can be observed on regional markets. The aim of the article is to identify regional differences in prices and their dynamics on agricultural land markets. It also verifies whether variation in land prices has its justification in market fundamentals.
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The goal of this article is to rate homebuyers activity in Szczecin divided into primary and secondary markets against the principles of the government program "House for the Young" (HftY). In particular, analyzed the prices of units sold in the fi rst quarter of 2014, which weighs against the price limit of the program. It was a discussion on the merits of exclusion from the fi nance market as well as the spatial impacts of government intervention aimed at supporting the construction of a development, which develops on the outskirts of cities or outside their boundaries, strengthening the phenomenon of urban sprawl, that urban sprawl outside the city center. The study used data from notarial deeds, focusing on house sales in the fi rst quarter of 2014, which began to operate this talked-about HftY program. The analysis also used the data concerning the program developed by the BGK, and the results of the Census of population and housing conducted by the CSO in 2011.
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A growing importance of a trademark value is observed in the enterprises valuation nowadays. The corporate brand value of the world's largest companies is up to 90% of their market value. The authors systematized concepts related to the valuation of corporate brands and proposed the method of a trademark (corporate brand) valuation based on the economic value added („EVA”).
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Customers satisfaction with the provided services ensures their loyalty and strengthens the relationship between them and the service provider, thus directly affecting the profits made by the company. A satisfied customer recommends the company to three other people. The purpose of the article is to examine customer satisfaction with the services provided by the real estate agencies in Szczecin. 322 clients of the selected real estate agencies were surveyed. The key question was about the intention of using the services of the same agency again or recommending it to friends.
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Urban-economic development of towns is closely connected with expansion of public roads infrastructure. Since public administration not always can prove its title to land, where roads have been constructed, there is necessity of regulation of legal status of real estate occu pied by these roads, many a time. Such procedure results from provisions implementing Act reforming public administration of the 1998. According to its clauses, real estates being on 31 December 1998 in possession of State Treasury or local authorities units, and not being their property, and occupied for public roads, became from 1 January 1998 with compensation, an ownership of State Treasury or local authorities units. In order to verify how resolutions, of mentioned above act, implemented were, proceedings run in Chorzow city in the years 1999-2013 were analyzed. They were to confirm existing legal status of parcels where public roads were located and also getting compensations for depravation of rights to them.
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To evaluate convergence mostly means to determine its pace and type. One can evaluate if given objects actually converge and when full convergence shall occur. In its most common form convergence of national growth is studied. In this paper it is proposed to utilize β-, σ-, α-convergence models on the property market to determine price convergence. Subject of the analysis were average prices of apartments located in cities located in Szczecin metropolitan area. Time range of study was 2008-2013. The main goal of the study is to determine whether distinct cities belonging to the same agglomeration tend to converge in terms of properties' prices.
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Demographic changes observed indicate that the situation is diffi cult Polish Population. Particularly adverse effects occur in the trend of births, which has a negative impact on future fertility, particularly for continuing high emigration of Poles abroad. Given the importance of the scale of the problem which is the number of children in the study attempts to predict fertility rates based on the model based on the properties of wavelet analysis, wavelet Daubechies including effects on fertility factors such as the number of marriages, number of divorces, the average monthly gross wages and emigration . The model used to predict the fertility rate, the property uses artifi cial neural networks, in particular, the ability to generalize the knowledge gained.
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Waste disposal is one of the vital issues faced by both local governments and residents of properties represented by their property managers. Basing on the example of selected commonholds the authors analysed the effectiveness of several methods of calculating the waste disposal costs. Even though the study was conducted on the basis of cost analyses of commonholds located in Szczecin, it referred not only to cost settlement methods regulated by the City Council in Szczecin, but to the full range of legally mandated methods. The research tool in that analysis were both statistical methods and econometric modelling. The study findings may be found useful not only by local governments but also by managers of multiple dwellings.
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