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Poziom życia w wybranych miastach dolnośląskich

Author(s): Katarzyna Przybyła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2/2014

In this article the analysis of the conditions of living in the Lower Silesian cities has been done. On the basis of the set of features characteristic for the chosen cities, taking the level and the quality of living (eg the housing problem, the condition of natural environment, job market, the safety of inhabitants or the available offer of the cultural institutions) into account, the taxonomic measurements of development were constructed. For this research the spatial sets of data valid in the year 2012 were gathered.

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Wykorzystanie środków w ramach PROW 2007-2013 w województwie mazowieckim

Author(s): Olga Podlińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2/2014

The purpose of the article is to present and assess the extent of use of the funds under Rural Development Programs for 2007-2013 in the Mazovian Province. The area selected for the study as characterised with the highest use of funds within PROW for 2007-2013 in Poland, with a share of 14%. The amount of over PLN 7433.1 million was assigned for the province under the Program. As a result of internal differences in the Province, the allocation of funds was uneven. The funds were used to the largest extent in the Ostrołęka-Siedlce sub-region. The objective of the funds was compliant with the national trends in fund allocation. Therefore, the largest amount of support was assigned to activities within Axis 1 of the Rural Development Programs for 2007-2013.

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Wymiana handlowa a wzrost gospodarczy

Author(s): Łukasz Topolewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2/2014

This paper presents influence of international trade on economic growth. This study describes the diversity of achieved economic growth rate, which depends on the degree openness the economic. It is measured by the sum of exports and imports in relation to gross domestic product. In addition, the author analyzes the influence of export diversification on the dynamics of gross domestic product. The economy openness and export diversification influences on the vulnerability to the economic shocks. The study contains the years from 2005 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2010.

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Analiza wybranych wymiarów kapitału społecznego - wyniki badań

Author(s): Małgorzata Zakrzewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2/2014

Social capital as a resource should be regarded as one of the elements of the economic growth in modern economies, which are based on knowledge and therefore on the human factor. Thus, it is reasonable to study groups in terms of the quality of their social capital. In this article, the author attempts to analyze the results of research on social capital indicators - type I - bridging social capital. The survey was conducted among the students of the economic field of study and the results allowed to make first, initial analysis and characterization of social capital of this social group.

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Ochrona ekosystemów wodnych na obszarach wiejskich przed zanieczyszczeniami zawartymi w ściekach komunalnych w świadomości lokalnych społeczności

Author(s): Ewa Rauba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2/2014

Protection of aquatic ecosystems in rural areas is still a challenge for local authorities. Barrier to the introduction of new solutions is often the awareness of local communities. One of the major threats to ecosystems in urban areas by the impurities getting into the water along with wastewater from households. Wastewater discharged into the typical rural septic tanks often leak into the ground and contaminate local water resources. It is important, therefore, conduct environmental education among rural residents, aiming to indicate the directions of the development of individual and collective sewage treatment systems. The aim of this article is to show, on the example of three not sewered communal areas, how does the public awareness regarding the dangers inherent to aquatic ecosystems and thus for the residents of the municipality in connection with improper conduct with sewage social-ontic.

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Klaster jako generator kapitału relacyjnego i jego rola w rozwoju regionu zachodniopomorskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Smolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2/2014

The aim of this article is to present a cluster as a generator of relational capital, which has a great impact on regional development. In the theoretical part the author defines a cluster, a relational capital and the regional development. An analytical part shows clusters located in Western Pomerania. The advantages of the clusters for regional development are also presented in this article.

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Instrumenty finansowe na rynku walutowym oraz znaczenie ich innowacyjności dla gospodarki międzynarodowej

Author(s): Ireneusz Miciuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The ongoing processes of globalization and related operations on the international financial market dynamics are subject to unprecedented growth and development. This causes a number of innovative financial instruments whose classification in the financial market is not easy and leaves a lot of ambiguity in the literature. In the paper the classification of financial instruments in the currency market and quantitative analyzes of contemporary turnover on the foreign exchange market in Poland. In was also pointed out the benefits and risks that arise from the use of financial innovation in the FX market.

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Dobre praktyki w rozwoju przedsiębiorczości kobiet w Polsce

Author(s): Barbara Kryk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

In Poland, as in other European Union countries, women represent a significant reservoir of unused labor resources, and the rate of unemployment among them is higher than men despite their better education. Hence, it is important to stimulate entrepreneurship among women. To achieve that legal regulations, tools and actions taken under the so-called. good practices are used. The use of various forms of support is necessary due to the existing conditions and barriers of women functioning on the labor market and economic activity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present good practices conducted by various institutions in stimulating entrepreneurship among women. Realization of the aim will also answer to the question - whether these measures are effective?

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Wpływ transakcji bilansu płatniczego i innych przepływów na zmiany międzynarodowej pozycji inwestycyjnej Polski w latach 1994-2012

Author(s): Renata Knap / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The objective of the paper was to determine the influence of balance of payment transactions and other flows on international investment positions of Poland in the period 1994-2012. First part of this paper reviews main trends in Polish MPI and the second part examines the influence of balance of payment transactions and other flows on net IIP of Poland. Research conclusions show, that in the analysed period, transaction's importance to total net IIP changes of Poland decreased and other flow's importance to total net IIP changes increased. It confirms presented in the literature views, that as financial openness increases current account surplus does not guarantee improvement of IIP, and current account deficit does not necessarily lead to worsening of MPI in the next period.

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Giełdy towarowe - historia, zasady działania i rola we współczesnej gospodarce

Author(s): Józefina Król / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The thesis is concerned with theoretical aspects of the commodity exchanges. Firstly, there are presented the definitions and the commodity exchanges classification. After that there are mentioned the main goals for keeping the commodity exchanges in contemporary economy. At the end there are some issues about polish commodity market

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Wielkość emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza w Polsce na tle innych krajów świata

Author(s): Patrycja Zwiech,Anna Turczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The purpose of the article is to compare selected twenty nine countries in the world in terms of emission of air pollutants in relation to their total area and population, and ordering these countries from the best to the worst. A hypothesis was stated that Poland is a region with relatively low emission of air pollutants compared to the number of inhabitant sand moderate emission with respect to the total area of the country. In the study this hypothesis was verified positively. In the article the standardized sum method was used as a tool

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Chiny a deindustrializacja krajów rozwijających się (na przykładzie Ameryki Łacińskiej)

Author(s): Jarosław Narękiewicz,Jerzy Dudziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

In the paper China's impact on the transformations in foreign trade and its contribution to structural changes in selected developing economies are evaluated in relation to the changes in both international trade and the global economy. The analysis focuses on Latin America as a region which deserves particular attention in this context. The study reveals that deindustrialization of developing countries by China is particularly strong in Latin America. It is reflected not only in the primarization of the region's exports but also in structural changes in its imports. Deindustrialization can be observed also for the entire economy, which is reflected in the shrinking share of the manufacturing industry in GDP. It should be emphasised, however, that although the sub-regions and countries where deindustrialization is more intense can boast, in general, better economic performance, concerns are raised that in the long term the process may lead to unfavourable transformations in the economy

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Szerokie ujęcie usług w wymianie międzynarodowej

Author(s): Katarzyna Nowacka-Bandosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The article presents classification of services in international trade in a broad sense. In a wide approach the value of international trade in services is twice the value of the services in their narrow definition. The paper shows also structure of factorial and non-factorial services exports in years 2000-2012 with particular focus on the impact of financial and economic crisis

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Wirtualna woda

Author(s): Lidia Kłos / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

Currently on Earth lives 7 billion people and nearly a billion of them do not access to drinking water. UN predicts the situation will get worse. To 2025 almost 2 billion people will have nothing to drink. The main culprit is agriculture, which consumes 70% the total fresh water in the world, caused by outdated and inefficient farming methods, which absorb a large part of water resources. The next one is industry, which consumes 20% water and individual customers - 8%. Direct water consumption eg. water, which we drink or brush teeth is easier to estimate, than water used to production eg. food, clothing, which is much more difficult to evaluate. That is why come into existence a concept of "Virtual Water" - "water footprint" developed by John Allen, who inform us of the actual amount of consumed water. An article attempts to approximate scale of direct water consumption used in homes, e.g. for drinking, cooking, washing, and indirect used during the production of diffirent goods, e.g. clothing or computers, which we using everyday. We need to know, when we make daily choices indirectly we affect on water resources in the world.

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Zmiany demograficzne a wykorzystanie środków z Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego

Author(s): Beata Skubiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

Demographic changes relate mainly to the elderly people, children and families. Regional policy can provide a lot for them, for example through the right use of funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The main purpose of this paper is to present the economic and financial consequences of demographic changes and to formulate recommendations for the use of the European Regional Development Fund in 2014-2020.

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Obciążenie gospodarki długiem zagranicznym w okresie członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Halina Nakonieczna-Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The objective of the paper was an attempt to answer the question, first, if a level of external debt reached by Poland in the period of membership in EU can be admitted as safe (guaranteeing liquidity and solvency), and second, to which group of countries according to World Bank's classification can Poland be included. In the first part of this paper, ratios of external debt which relate to a possibility of repayment and a liquidity of a country were presented, and in the second part, they were verified in the period 2004-2012. Research conclusions show, that a sharp increase of external debt after Poland's accession to the EU didn't worsen our reputation in the international markets. According to the World Bank's classification Poland was included to the least indebt countries in the analysed period.

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Innowacje i wiedza w działalności klastrów w Polsce

Author(s): Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

This article focus on showing the place, which the innovative actions take and the creation the knowledge in Polish clusters, which is the main aim of this article. The particular parts are subordinated to the main aim of this article, in which the theoretical basics of innovation and basics clusters issues have been showed. Also we can find in this article the level for innovative activity in Polish clusters. Study literature and data from the reports about clusters development have been used in this article

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Inwestycje w kapitał wiedzy a innowacyjność krajów Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Anna Wildowicz-Giegiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The European Union is confronted with the necessity of increasing its competitiveness on global scale. In spite of fact that it remains one of the most important centers of knowledge creation, responsible for almost one third of world production in the area of science and technology, the high pace of sustainable development only seems to be possible, when a level of investment in knowledge capital, being a key to the growth of the EU innovativeness will be increased. The aim of the paper is to describe the level and the structure of investment in knowledge capital, in the context of the need to improve innovativeness, and along with it creating the competitive advantage of the UE-27 countries in the long-term. Narrowing this gap in the comparison to the United States and Japan can take place thanks to investment in intangible capital which will allow the EU-27 countries to increase their innovativeness.

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Zagraniczny dług publiczny krajów rozwijających się

Author(s): Ewa Bilewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The objective of the paper was a presentation of main changes in the structure of external debt of developing countries in last two decades. Research conclusion shows, that there was a decline of the public debt in the composition of external debt of this group of countries. It is partly a result of adopting policies to substitute the public external debt with domestically issued debt in order to reduce a risk of overdependence from foreign finance.

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Zachowania przedsiębiorstw w okresie kryzysu gospodarczego

Author(s): Maciej Głuch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/1/2014

The article discusses the issue of economic cycle. It describes what economic cycle are, their types and causes. It presents the behavior of private sector companies in response to the economic crisis.

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