Е-ЛИДЕРСТВО: ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА И ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ

Author(s): Iya Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Information and communication technologies create a new context in which leadership exists. The term e-leadership is increasingly used in scientific literature to describe situations in which executives and subordinates interact through electronic means of communication. Although research on e-leadership is still scarce, scientists have come together around the idea that social and behavioral skills are critical to the success of virtual teams. The leader‘s ability to effectively communicate, inspire, motivate and provide feedback as well as build an environment of trust is critical to the team. This article presents leading research оn e-leadership, with particular emphasis on building trust in virtual teams. The results of a qualitative study are presented to support and enrich the analysis.

СКЛОННОСТТА КЪМ ОПТИМИЗЪМ И НЕЙНОТО ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ НА ФИНАНСОВИТЕ ПАЗАРИ

Author(s): Boyan Ivantchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Many academic studies have been conducted in the field of optimism bias and its influence on human’s decision making. However this area of research in the CEE countries and emerging European capital markets is nearly unknown. This research about the emerging stock market in Bulgaria proves that optimism bias influenced Bulgarian investors decision making during the period of IPO hot market (2006 – 2007) on the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. As a result, the return of the selected IPOs underperforms the stock exchange benchmark index BG40 with 8 to 20 percentage points for the 5Y post-IPO period. At the same time, IPO stocks have higher volatility than the benchmark.The author argues that results can be explained by the higher amplitude of optimism bias of Bulgarian investors.

Информационна роза (Кълбото на Ариадна): метод на обучение „А. Куманова – Н. Василев“

Author(s): Alexandra Kumanova,Nikolay Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The system cycle of subjects in the higher education degrees – bachelor’s: Academic writing, Infosphere: Cognitology, Bulgarian literature, Methodology of the scientific research, Cultural anthropology, Annotation and referring of documents, Bibliographic model of the knowledge and master’s: Historiographic model of e-library, Bibliographic integral (e-libraries) in the University of library science and information technologies (ULSIT) is represented through the scope of operation of the method of INFORMATION ROSE – ARIADNE’S CLEW as a laboratory for structuring of the reference – encyclopedic base for creating of the modern library (cataloging) bibliography, designed for markedly fine creation, retrieval and dissemination of information. It is presented the ontology, gnoseology and theory of the method in the context of the ideas, attached in the so-called ABSENT STRUCTURE OF THE INFORMATION (U. Eco): screen – T. Borov; reticulum – A. Lyubishchev] rhizome – J. Deleuze, F. Guattari; frame – M. Minsky; scale – U. Eco. Are revealed the sense, etymology and didactics of the method. It is presented a historiographic panorama of the universally important periodicals in the general humanitaristics in which order are Proceedings of the Student Scientific Society at ULSIT where was approbated the method used in the carrying out of the 16 e–libraries of ULSIT (2005– ). The study gives a lapidary description of the algorithmic function of the method for creation of a universal information picture encompassing the diversity of views for establishing of a linguistic code of text / texts (at the cynosure are literary texts).

LICHWA W ŚWIETLE WSPÓŁCZESNYCH UREGULOWAŃ PRAWNYCH W POLSCE I WYBRANYCH KRAJACH O ORIENTACJI RYNKOWEJ

Author(s): Andrzej Sołoma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

From the legal point of view the usury rate is an abnormally high rate in relation either to a maximum rate set by the legislator or to certain principles, such as accepted standards of good behavior or fair business practices. Most UE states control usury practices a posteriori by jurisprudence. However, some countries (Italy, France) have an objective control system for usury. Cases of usury are present in the Polish economy during transition. The anti usury act was passed by the Polish Parliament in July 2005. Setting objective controls regulated the issue of usurious rates in Poland: rates cannot exceed four times the official pawn rate of the Polish Central Bank (as a “maximum interest”). Polish consumer credit regulations are designed to protect borrowers against unfair credit terms. Polish credit institutions should provide information about all the costs that the customer has to pay including interest and other charges. Anti usury regulations were criticized by the Polish Cabinet, the Polish Central Bank, financial institutions, and many Polish entrepreneur organizations.

Впечатляващ научен труд

Author(s): Georgi N. Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The review of Georgi N. Nikolov presents the book “Trends in the book industry” by Dr. Stella Georgieva and Prof. Dr. Lachezar G. Georgiev. The authors are university professors. The presented book “Trends in the book industry” includes research on the book, book publishing processes and print communications in Europe, Australia, USA and Latin America. The review notes the contributions of the two authors, points out the more important processes and current trends in the book industry around the world. The author of this review, the literary critic Georgi N. Nikolov is a member of the Board of the Union of BulgarianWriters.

INSTYTUCJONALNE UWARUNKOWANIA ROZWOJU RYNKU KAPITAŁOWEGO W POLSCE

Author(s): Elżbieta Gruszczyńska-Brożbar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The capital market fulfils certain functions in the economy. It is widely thought that the capital market is its pillar. This statement poses a challenge to the definition of the state and the circumstances of its development. Present tendencies on developed capital markets i.e. globalisation, liberalisation, competition, mergers, alliances cause that one should outline the ways of the development of the Polish investment market. The extensiveness of the subject causes that the author of the paper decided to focus the analytical attention on the institutional conditions of the stock-exchange share market.

Нови справочници в НБКМ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Harmonia życia zawodowego i czasu wolnego w życiu kobiet w Polsce w perspektywie andragogicznej

Author(s): Renata Pomarańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Professional activity of women in Poland is a common phenomenon. However, it is most often associated with the deficit of free time in their time budget. This issue is related to the concept of work-life balance, which aims to balance these important spheres of human life. The article deals with the harmony of professional life and leisure time in the lives of women in Poland from the andragogical perspective. It answers the questions of what the professional work and free time in women's lives are and what impact andragogy can have on the harmony of women's professional life and free time. Answers to these questions are built on the basis of the literature on the subject, available statistical data and the results of available research and analyses. The article focuses primarily on adult women who have left formal education.

ZNACZENIE FUNDUSZY EKOLOGICZNYCH DLA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA INWESTYCJI W OCHRONĘ ŚRODOWISKA

Author(s): Ewa ZYSNARSKA / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The aim of this article is to estimate the sources of financing the protection of natural environment in Poland. The process of globalization of the economy results in increased interest in global responsibility. The institutions which implement the idea of sustainable development require an effective collaboration of financing ecological investments. In Poland coexist for example ISPA (Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-accession), SAPARD (Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rual Development), PHARE (Poland Hungary: Assistance to Restructuring their Economics), Global Environmental Facility, Danish Cooperation for Eastern Europe and the new EEA Financial Mechanisms – environment. However, the Polish system of environmental protection is based on the national, provincial, district and communal funds of environmental protection and water management. Ecological funds play an important role in the financing of environmental protection in Poland. They cover up to 20–25% of all investments in the field.

Silversi w narracjach millennialsów - relacje międzypokoleniowe w kontekście refleksyjno- edukacyjnym

Author(s): Monika Sulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article shows the importance of intergenerational relations as a value that cannot be overestimated, and the importance of which must be emphasized and described, especially in the pedagogical, andragogical or gerontological space. Intergenerational relations have been shown as a catalyst for reflectivity – a category that has recently become an object of special attention and care. The author, on the basis of a didactic project entitled „A week in the life of a senior woman” showed the importance of intergenerational relations in the context of developing reflectivity.

KLIMAT INWESTYCYJNY - KONIECZNE I WYSTARCZAJĄCE CZYNNIKI DETERMINUJĄCE NAPŁYW BEZPOŚREDNICH INWESTYCJI ZAGRANICZNYCH DO POLSKI

Author(s): Agnieszka Szczepkowska-Flis / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

Since 2001 there has been a considerable decline in foreign direct investment in Poland. Although the downward trend stalled in 2004, experience shows that the leading market position is something to struggle for constantly, and its retaining consists in the raising of the country’s attractiveness for potential investors. The decisions on FDI location understandably depend on political, social, economic, legislative factors which either encourage or discourage foreign investment in a given country. The aim of this article is an attempt at defining business climate in Poland from 1990 to 2004 as a factor attracting FDI. It focuses on analyzing legislative and economic factors classified as indispensable and satisfactory for stimulating foreign investment. The former relate to laws and regulations concerning business entity whereas the latter concern the location country economic situation which either directly or indirectly affects the effectiveness of a particular investment.

„Nasze pokolenie tamagotchi” - obraz dorosłości w polskich utworach rapowych

Author(s): Martyna Pryszmont / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Hip-Hop culture is an interesting learning source for people who come into contact with its works. It is up-to-date, living, dynamic and its characteristic feature is that it refers to the daily lives of its creators. In her presentation, the author will focus on rap music which conveys many relevant descriptions of adult life in the modern world. Rap is both, music and poetry (Kukłowicz 2014), and rapping is the form of rhythmic speaking or reciting rhyming words with specific accompaniment (or without music). Rappers address the problems of daily life by combining the content and the so-called flow, that is rhythm, rhyme and rap (Miszczyński 2015). The author is interested in rap (hip-hop) songs as the important pop culture texts which definitely have some andragogical potential. They are the examples of creative activity of adults as the texts refer directly to the adulthood. In her analysis, the author focused on the image of adulthood presented in the selected Polish rap songs (see Węcławek, Flint, Kleyff, Cała, Jaczyński 2014). The main research problem focuses on the image of adulthood that emerges from the selected rap works. The author also wonders what the potential of rap works for adults is. Such analysis seems particularly interesting and valuable in the context of reflections over the adult learning environments. To study the problem, the author used document analysis of the selected rap works. The results show that rappers present a critical diagnosis of the daily life of Poles. They comment the reality by referring to their individual experiences and the experiences of people in their reference groups or communities they associate with. The image of adulthood is a mosaic of these different experiences. They also point to the learning environments of adults who make efforts to build the worlds to live in.

WPŁYW KURSU WALUTOWEGO NA DYNAMIKĘ POLSKIEJ WYMIANY TOWAROWEJ Z GŁÓWNYMI PARTNERAMI HANDLOWYMI

Author(s): Ryszard Stefański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The aim of this paper is to verify by research the theoretical concepts which explain how the rate of exchange influences the trade turnover. The research is based on Poland and its main trade partners. The theoretical analysis of how the rate of exchange influences the trade turnover was based on the two models of the rate of exchange – monetary and elasticity. The effect of the internal and external business cycle on the export and import were also taken into the consideration. The study concentrates on bilateral turnover between Poland and the Czech Republic, Germany, Russia, USA and Great Britain in the years 1994–2004. Henderson and Hodrick-Prescott filters, the correlation analysis, the regression analysis and Granger causality test were used as the methods of research. The empirical analysis confirms the real rate of exchange is the substantial factor which influences bilateral trade turnover of Poland with its main trade partners. In the case of export the increase of the real rate of exchange is the cause for the Polish export growth measured in dollars and reverse. It means that the quantity effect is stronger than the price effect. In the case of import the increase of the real rate of exchange causes the decrease of the value of the Polish import measured in dollars and reverse. The trade turnover reacts to the change of the real rate of exchange in the same quarter or with a delay of maximum 4 quarters. The changes of the real rate of exchange of the main trade partners usually cause less than proportional changes of the Polish export and import. The research also confirms the business cycle in this country and abroad substantial influence on bilateral trade turnover.

Beetwen the notes - rozumienie dorosłości w perspektywie muzyki popularnej. Refleksje młodych dorosłych

Author(s): Joanna Golonka-Legut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Despite numerous publications and studies into adulthood, adult educators have been constantly looking for answers to the following questions: What is adulthood? What are its attributes? What meaning do adults (entering into adulthood) assign to it? One of the interesting directions of reflections on adulthood is exploring its nature in the context of popular music. It is worth mentioning that in andragogy, cognitive activities oriented towards (re)cognising the educational potential of popular music or (re)cognising it as an area of informal learning are still incidental. This text is an attempt to investigate the following issues: How do adults understand adulthood? What associations are evoked by the term “adulthood”? What meanings do adults assign to (their own) adulthood? The direct purpose of the text is to present reflections of pedagogy students into adulthood – initiated through listening to and reflecting on the lyrics of musical works. An academic practice of using popular music in work with adult learners is also described in the paper.

Język obcy obszarem uczenia się dorosłego w średnim wieku

Author(s): Izabela Przybylska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article presents the andragogical perspective on the understanding of the experience of learning a foreign language. The study was based on an individual qualitative research strategy in the form of the biographical method. The collected data allow for capturing the following aspects: how and where middle-aged adults learn, what motivates them to learn, what their educational needs are, what challenges and difficulties they face, what value they attach to their current learning, and what the connection between learning a foreign language and developmental tasks typical of middle adulthood is. The narrative material was analysed and interpreted in a broad context of biographical events which determine current learning.

ZMIANY W DZIAŁALNOŚCI SEKTORA ENERGETYCZNEGO W POLSCE

Author(s): Kinga CHALECKA / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

In recent years the connection between business and environment has been increasingly more important. The use of energy resources must take into consideration the principle of rationalization and saving. Therefore, individual countries, such as Poland, undertake actions aimed at seeking new opportunities for development in the power industry. In this paper the author presents works undertaken in order to reform the energy sector, in particular to introduce a coherent energy law – and further development plan for the power industry in Poland. A comparison of Poland‘s energy policy to the EU’s one is made in respect of goals and research tasks as well as subjects which take part in the creation of this policy. The author also has summed up the continuation of work in the area of assuring energy security in Poland.

Satysfakcja z pracy w kontekście szkoleń pracowników - doniesienie z badań

Author(s): Anna Lubrańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article discusses the issue of adult education, based on the example of companies' training policy in relation to job satisfaction. The problem was empirically verified. The Work Satisfaction Scale ansd a self-authored questionnaire with statements about the training activities of the organisation were used. The study involved 757 people (402 women and 355 men), aged 20-78. The applied one-way analysis of variance revealed significant statistical effects. In view of the obtained results, practical implications were formulated.

Uczyć agroekologii w grundtvigiańskim stylu. Przewodnik metodyczny

Author(s): Hanna Solarczyk-Szwec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Review of: „Uczyć agroekologii w grundtvigiańskim stylu. Przewodnik metodyczny.“ Pod red. Ewy smuk-stratenwerth, tomasza maliszewskiego, barbary tokarskiej, stowarzyszenie ekologiczno-kulturalne „ziarno” w grzybowie, grzybów 2020, ss. 103. Review by: Hanna Solarczyk-Szwec

REGULACJA MONOPOLU NATURALNEGO W ŚWIETLE TEORII KOSZTÓW TRANSAKCYJNYCH

Author(s): Bożena Borkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The transactional cost framework seeks to identify the characteristics of transactions that lead classical “spot markets” to fail, in the sense that the spot market is a more costly mode of exchange than alternative institutional arrangements (e.g. some type of long term contract or vertical integration). This paper provides a theory of natural monopoly regulation that parallels the theory of the firm and the theory of contractual institutions.

Wybrane aspekty starości i starzenia się

Author(s): Daria Rogowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Wybrane aspekty starości i starzenia się. Red. Mariola Świderska. Seria: Publicystyka i Prace Studentów, nr 4. Wydawnictwo Społecznej Akademii Nauk, Łódź – Warszawa 2018, ss. 212, ISBN: 978-83-64971-48-8. Review by: Daria Rogowska