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Familiennamen und Charakter

Author(s): Adina-Lucia Nistor / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2021

In dieser Arbeit werden anhand der Familiennamen-Gruppe der Übernamen, die mittelalterliche Sprachzustände und Mentalitäten konservieren und somit eine Art soziale Kontrolle reflektieren, jene Familiennamen etymologisch und lexikalisch beleuchtet, denen in ihrer Motivation, das Kriterium Charakter und Verhaltensweisen zu Grunde liegt (z.B. S a u e r , B i t t e r l i c h , G u t ,B ö s e , U n r u h , U n f r i e d , G r i m m , K l u g e , L i s t ( e ) m a n n , S c h n e l l ,F r e u d i g , F r e u n d , F e i n d , K r i e g , Z a n k , S t i l l , S t u m m , S c h a l l e r ,K r e i s c h e r , S c h l e m m e r , F r a a ß , S c h l u c k e b i e r , D r i n k g e r n , S p ä t h ,F r ü h ).

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"Ruhe sanft, kleine Aster!" Überlegungen zur Äquivalenzproblematik bei der literarischen Übersetzung von Blumennamen am Beispiel einiger Gedichte von Gottfried Benn, Georg Trakl und Stefan George

Author(s): Andreea Ghiță / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2021

Die Verfasserin setzt sich anhand ausgewählter deutscher Gedichte von Gottfried Benn, Georg Trakl und Stefan George mit der Äquivalenzproblematik bei der Übertragung von Blumennamen (Aster) in die rumänische Sprache auseinander. Dabei werden translatorische Schwierigkeiten und Strategien zu deren Lösung aus komparatistischer Sicht analysiert und gegebenenfalls mögliche Übersetzungsvarianten herausgearbeitet.

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Didaktische Dimensionen des kreativen Schreibens auf der Anfänger- und Mittelstufe des DaF-Unterrichts

Author(s): Andreea Lukács Tănase / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2021

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Herangehensweisen an die Kreativität bezogen auf den schriftlichen Ausdruck und forscht nach den Möglichkeiten und Schranken des Einsatzes literarischer Texte im DaF-Unterricht. Der empirische Teil illustriert Techniken und Verfahren des kreativen Schreibens anhand dreier Unterrichtsbeispiele.

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Praxiserkundungsprojekte im DaF-Unterricht

Author(s): Alexandra Nicolaescu / Language(s): German Issue: 21/2021

Das Praxiserkundungsprojekt, PEP, ist ein zentrales Instrument der Lehrerforschung. Im Rahmen eines PEPs versuchen Lehrende, einen für sie wichtigen oder interessanten Aspekt der eigenen Praxis zu erkunden. Ein PEP hat als Grundlage eine PEP-Frage, in der die Lehrenden den Aspekt, den sie erkunden möchten, ganz genau zusammenfassen und das Ziel besteht darin, neue Wege und Ideen für die Planung ihres eigenen Unterrichts zu entwickeln. Als theoretische Grundlage dient die Fort- und Weiterbildungsreihe Deutsch Lehren Lernen, die unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte in Bezug auf den DaF-Unterrichtumfasst, wie zum Beispiel Unterrichtsplanung, Lehrkompetenz, Lehrmaterialien, Medien, Aufgaben und Interaktion.

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Rola autorytetów w rozwoju naukowym. Pamięć o Pani Profesor dr hab. Oldze Czerniawskiej

Author(s): Renata Konieczna-Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The text is a short, very personal reminiscence of Professor Olga Czerniawska. Its aim is to emphasise the role of scientific authority, which the Professor was and will remain, and her influence on the choices made by the author of this text, related to her scientific and didactic interests. The recalled episodes illustrate the potential of learning from experience and reflection on it.

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CZY NADAL AKTUALNE JEST PRAWO WAGNERA?

Author(s): Wiesław Szczesny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The article refers to the Wagner’s principle, known in the economic literature as a law of growing general government outlays, which was formulated in the end of the 19th century. The author has asked if the Wagner’s principle is present in the contemporary national economy. The first part of this article presents some elements of business enterprises theory which point to the market environment’s role for enterprise development. In the next parts, the author presents the features of non-market environment identified with a national institution and its agenda. Then he analyses the scale of public consumption on the basis of the general government outlays in the EU. The last part entitled “The Integration Process and Public Needs” is the conclusion of this article: it presents the thesis, that successive public needs appear with the integration and global processes.

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Ewa Dębska: Profile refleksyjności i typy karier. Perspektywa poradoznawcza

Author(s): Ewa Skibińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Ewa Dębska: Profile refleksyjności i typy karier. Perspektywa poradoznawcza. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2020, s. 370. Review by: Ewa Skibińska

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Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Monika Sulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Oddając w Państwa ręce poprzedni numer „Edukacji Dorosłych” (1/2020), Redaktorka naczelna pisma - Agnieszka Stopińska-Pająk zaznaczyła wyjątkowość czasu, w którym numer ten powstawał (Stopińska-Pająk, 2020, s. 11). Kontekst sytuacyjny związany z błyskawicznym i bardzo dotkliwym rozwojem pandemii COVID-19 stał się dla wielu z nas punktem odniesienia do przewartościowania własnych doświadczeń, ale też przestrzenią pogłębionej refleksji na tematy egzystencjalne. Rzeczywistość, którą od prawie roku staramy się oswoić i lepiej zrozumieć, w dalszym ciągu niesie z sobą przede wszystkim obawy i lęk, ale też niewątpliwie jest dla nas życiową lekcją pokory. Olga Tokarczuk pisze o „dziwnym lecie 2020” i o tym, że nie wiemy, co będzie dalej. Noblistka zaznacza, że w naszym myśleniu dominuje przede wszystkim tęsknota za czasem utraconym i wiara w to, że można zawrócić czas i wejść do tej samej rzeki sprzed kilkudziesięciu lat (Tokarczuk, 2020, s. 22). Wyjątkowo trafne i aktualne stały się w tej nowej rzeczywistości słowa Zygmunta Baumana, który w swojej ostatniej, udzielonej nam lekcji pisze, że jedyną stałą rzeczą jest zmiana, a jedyną pewną - niepewność (Bauman, Leoncini, 2018).

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TENDENCJE W POLITYCE PIENIĘŻNEJ NA PRZEŁOMIE XX I XXI WIEKU

Author(s): Magdalena MUSIELAK / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

An institution responsible for conducting the monetary policy is the central bank. The most important directions of changes in the monetary policy, which occurred in the last few years of the 20th century and affected the form and features of the monetary policy early in the 21st century, concerned the role and status of the central bank. These changes concerned four issues: a precise definition of the main target of the monetary policy, increasing the independence of the central bank, establishing new instruments and methods to control the central bank actions ex post and increasing the monetary policy credibility and transparency. Issues concerning central bank independence, monetary policy credibility and transparency, as especially significant, are presented more comprehensively in this paper.

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За българското книгоиздаване по време на пандемия

Author(s): Radoslava Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Proposed is a statistical analysis about the situation in the Bulgarian book publishing in 2020 – the year of COVID-19 pandemic. Data is compared with the figures from the previous 3 years to more clearly delineate the consequences and trends in the sector. For the analysis, the following indicators were used: number of assigned ISBNs for 2020, number of newly registered publishers, quantities of editions requested by the different publishers, number of active publishers during the year, ratio between the different categories of editions. Finally, some more important conclusions are drawn.

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OCENA REALIZACJI POLITYKI PIENIĘŻNEJ NARODOWEGO BANKU POLSKIEGO

Author(s): Wiesława Przybylska-Kapuścińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The monetary policy of NBP realized in 1990–2004 changed deeply. On the one hand the changes were institutional, on the other they concerned modifications of the shape of monetary policy, either in its goals and strategies or in its instruments. Among the institutional changes the most significant were the changes of the acts on banking, made in 1989, 1992, 1997 and in 2001. Due to those changes, the realization of the monetary policy in Poland shall be assessed in two characteristic periods, differring in qualitative features: 1990–1997 and 1998–2004. At the beginning the monetary policy, in traditional terms, was realized in accordance with the hierarchic structure of goals, the so-called triad of goals. Later, after coming into force of a new Act on Banking (1997) and the appearing of the possibility to join the European Union, the monetary policy started to be realized according to the BCI conception. This paper deals with the critical analysis of the monetary policy realized in existing surrounding in both mentioned periods.

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В Деня на книгата и авторското право – за любовта и книгите на Шекспир и Сервантес

Author(s): Boyana Mincheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The publication represents a different view to The World Book and Copyright Day through the books of the world famous authors – William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes, dedicated to the everlasting love. This Day has been celebrated since 1436 on 23 April as a Day of love. Two editions stored in the National library of Bulgaria are presented below. One of them is a facsimile edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Qvixote de la Mancha, edited in 100 numbered copies by The Hispanic Society of America in 1905. The other one is a beautiful set of 13 volumes of Shakespeare's plays, housed in a magnificent burled walnut box, edited by Thomas Keightley and published by Bell and Daldy in London in 1868–1869.

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WPŁYW INSTRUMENTÓW POLITYKI PIENIĘŻNEJ NBP NA POZIOM I ZMIENNOŚĆ KRÓTKOTERMINOWYCH STÓP PROCENTOWYCH

Author(s): Magdalena Cendal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

The National Bank of Poland influences the interbank market by means of three instruments: reserve requirements, standing facilities, and open market operations. This article describes the impact of these tools on short-term interest rates on the interbank market. Today the most important function of reserve requirements is to limit the volatility of short-term interest rates on the interbank market. They help to stabilise the overnight rate because the requirements are lagged and averaged. Standing facilities are safety valves for the banking system. Banks can use the credit facility when they urgently need liquidity or the deposit facility when they have surpluses. Simultaneously, standing facilities indicate the corridor of market rates volatility. These standing facilities’ features allow them to limit the overnight rate volatility – as well as reserve requirements do. Open market operations are the principal instrument for maintaining short-term interest rates at a level consistent with the established inflation target implemented. The minimum interest rate for the main operation – issuing 7-day NBP money bills – is announced by the Monetary Policy Council. One-week interest rate on the interbank market fluctuates around this official interest rate.

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Експертно-консултантска и методична дейност за училищните библиотеки в област Пловдив в периода 2014–2020 г.

Author(s): Tanya Pileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The aim of the article is to summarize the expert-consulting and methodological activity in the region for a six-year period, to reflect its importance for the network of school libraries and the opportunities provided for the development of library specialists, respectively increasing the efficiency of their activities. Several different research methods have been used. In conclusion, it should be noted that the role of Methodists in strengthening and developing school libraries is extremely important.

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NIEZALEŻNOŚĆ BANKÓW CENTRALNYCH PAŃSTW KANDYDUJĄCYCH DO CZŁONKOSTWA W UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

Author(s): Przemysław Panfil / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

Since the enlargement of the European Union by ten new Member States on 1 May 2004, there have remained four candidate countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Turkey. In order to join the Union, they need to fulfil economical and political conditions known as the Copenhagen criteria. Especially, the candidate States must adopt common rules, standards, and policies that make up the body of the European Union law. European Union legislation on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) contains specific rules requiring the independence of central banks in Member States and prohibiting direct financing of public sector by central banks. These rules must have been implemented by the date of accession. Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia have taken major steps forward and have achieved a high level of alignment with the EMU-related acquis. However, some aspects of legislation on central bank independence need to be further corrected. Turkey’s overall alignment concerning the EMU acquis is limited. The independence of the central bank should be further strengthened, particularly on the determination of the inflation target and in the area of personal and institutional independence.

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Библиотеката в Зренянин насърчава четенето и развитието на дигиталната грамотност на децата

Author(s): Maya Kacharich,Vladimir Arsenich,Dragana Sabovlev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The authors review ways of learning through fun and play at the “Zharko Zrenjanin” Public Library in Zrenjanin, Republic of Serbia. Activities that are regularly held in this institution are presented. Some of them, such as the “Poetic Relay or the Reader's Badge”, have been traditional for more than 40 years. They are the basis for the development of learning through fun and play concept, as well as the motivation of children to visit the library. Other activities of the Children's Department of the Library in Zrenjanin are also described and analyzed.

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PRAWNE ORAZ INSTYTUCJONALNE UWARUNKOWANIA ROZWOJU SEKURYTYZACJI WIERZYTELNOŚCI W POLSCE

Author(s): Michał Buszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

Securitization has been a quickly developing financing technique in the US and European capital markets for almost thirty years. In Poland, such kind of financial operation is still used very rarely. In practice, there have been conducted just few securitization transactions, mostly related to receivables from medical goods and services supplies. When analyzing the main barriers of securitization in Poland, one has to take into consideration the lack of concise legal regulations, the complicated nature of securitization itself and relatively high costs of agency. To omit the most severe obstacles in developing securitization in Poland, the Polish Parliament voted in the year 2004 several acts supporting the selling and transferring of receivables. The most important were: the amendment to the Polish banking law and the new investment funds act. These two acts implemented new solutions enhancing securitization of banking assets and enabled the establishing of securitization funds. Because the new regulations seem to have critical influence on the securitization development process, this paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of implementing the amended law. The paper also describes participation of investment funds and capital companies in the process of banking assets securitization.

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Първото българомохамеданско дружество „Просвещение“

Author(s): Stoyan Raichevski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The establishment of the first Bulgarian Muslims’ student society “Prosveta” in the Rhodopes in 1884 is traced whose purpose was the accession of the Bulgarian Muslims to the Bulgarian Christians. Its statute, printed by Dragan Manchov, is published.

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Два източника за религиозната и политическа история на Балканите

Author(s): Nevena Gramatikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article examines two written sources, which we attribute to the Turkic folk literature with a religious-mystical character and which provide an opportunity to reconstruct aspects of the functioning of the Alevi-Bektashi tradition in some geographical areas of the Balkans. These are the vilȃyetnames of Seyid Ali Sultan (Kizil Deli) and Timur (Demir) Baba, which belong to the type of biographies. The historical information in these works, interwoven with the stories with mythological motives about the miracles of these two spiritual leaders, revered by the Alevi-Bektashi community in the Bulgarian and Balkan territories, is considered.

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Ruchy społeczne jako przestrzeń edukacji dorosłych: ruch kobiet w Polsce

Author(s): Marta Kosińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Social movements have a special value for informal adult education. They can be seen as organisations that teach both their members and the public opinion: its main goals are critical as well as socialising. In Poland, after 2015, with the development of black protests and the National Women’s Strike, feminism became socialised. The struggle of women in Poland for reproductive rights and the maintenance of the abortion compromise has democratised the social feminist movement and intensified its educational processes. This article analyses the informal education of adults in the contemporary women’s movement in Poland as situated between the reproduction of the social order and its contestation and examines it as a space of counter-hegemony: recognised after Paulo Freire’s pedagogy, Antonio Gramsci’s practical philosophy, the critical pedagogy, assumptions and practice of the New Left, cultural studies and feminism.

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